CN113951377A - Straw pellet feed - Google Patents
Straw pellet feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113951377A CN113951377A CN202111197118.4A CN202111197118A CN113951377A CN 113951377 A CN113951377 A CN 113951377A CN 202111197118 A CN202111197118 A CN 202111197118A CN 113951377 A CN113951377 A CN 113951377A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- straws
- straw
- livestock
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000186679 Lactobacillus buchneri Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001107116 Castanospermum australe Species 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021279 black bean Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219873 Vicia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims 6
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
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- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000145580 Thalia geniculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/145—Gasseri
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a straw pellet feed. The invention adds microorganism active strain into the straw, so that the straw is fermented into the feed which is favorite for the livestock with acid, fragrance and wine flavor. The method has the advantages that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straws are degraded and converted into mycoprotein by using microorganisms, the nutritive value and the digestibility of the straws are improved, the straws are non-toxic and residue-free, can be completely metabolized or utilized in animal bodies, and have important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed, and relates to straw pellet feed.
Background
The final evaluation result of the comprehensive utilization condition of the straws in 2011-2015 shows that the total yield of the straws of the crops in 2015 nationwide is 10.4 hundred million t, and the yield of the straws which can be collected and utilized reaches 9.0 hundred million t. The straw is a byproduct left by harvesting the seeds of the crops after the crops are mature, and comprises residues of stems, leaves, branches, tips, stalks, shells, cores, vines, seedlings, ears, residues and the like of the crops such as grains, oil plants, cotton, hemp, saccharides, tobacco leaves, vegetables, melons, fruits, medicinal materials and the like. The most abundant straw resources in China are corn, wheat and rice straws. The crop straw has high crude fiber content, is difficult to digest and absorb by animals, has less available nutrients and poor palatability, and is classified as coarse feed in feed taxonomy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a straw pellet feed.
The method for preparing the straw pellet feed comprises the following steps:
1) corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw and soybean straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 50%: 15%: 15%: 10%: mixing 10% of the above materials, pulverizing to 1-3cm, adding seed watermelon leftovers, apple processing leftovers, sweet potato leftovers and beet molasses, adding mixed bacteria solution composed of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus, fermenting, and oven drying and pulverizing to obtain fermented straw powder;
the cfu ratio of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus is 1-1.2: 1-1.1: 1-1.2: 1-1.3: 1 to 1.1;
2) uniformly mixing the fermented straw powder, clover powder, rye grass powder, arrow pea grass powder, sub-rice powder, corn powder, potato processing leftover powder, flax cake meal, rapeseed meal, coconut meal, black bean dregs, shrimp powder, insect powder, waste red dates, shelled peanuts, dried orange peel powder, spinach roots and pumpkin processing leftovers obtained in the step 1) according to the following mass percentage, and crushing to obtain mixed powder;
fermenting the straw powder (50-75%);
clover powder (3-5%);
2-4% of rye grass powder;
1-2% of vetch grass powder;
sub-rice flour (2-3%);
corn flour (1-3%);
potato processing leftover powder (3-5%);
flax cake (2-4%);
rapeseed meal (1-3%);
coconut meal (1-2%);
2-5% of black bean dregs;
1-3% of shrimp meal;
1-2% of insect powder;
waste red dates (1-3%);
2-4% of shelled peanuts;
0.5-1.5% of tangerine peel powder;
spinach root (1-2%);
pumpkin processing leftovers (1-3%);
3) preparing and mixing additives to be dissolved according to the mass of 4-6% of the solid, and dissolving the additives to prepare a solution with the concentration of more than 80%, namely a mixed solution;
the additive to be dissolved consists of lysine, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, composite bacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and hydrolyzed casein;
the mass ratio of lysine, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, composite bacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and hydrolyzed casein is 30-40%: 1-2%: 2-3%: 3-5%: 10-15%: 5-10%: 25-35%;
the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: lysine (40%), lactic acid bacteria (2%), bifidobacteria (3%), bacillus compositus (5%), saccharomyces cerevisiae (15%), candida utilis (8%) and hydrolyzed casein (27%), or,
the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: lysine (40%), lactic acid bacteria (2%), bifidobacteria (3%), bacillus compositus (4%), saccharomyces cerevisiae (12%), candida utilis (7%) and hydrolyzed casein (32%);
4) mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) with the mixed solution obtained in the step 3), adjusting the water content to 7-9 wt%, granulating, uniformly coating the cattle type freeze-dried powder or the sheep type freeze-dried powder outside the granules, and air-drying to obtain the straw granulated feed.
In the step 1) of the method, the using amount of the watermelon leftovers for seeds is 8-10% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the using amount of the apple processing leftovers is 3-5% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the using amount of the sweet potato leftovers is 5-10% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the amount of the beet molasses is 0.5-1% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterial liquid is 1.5-2 multiplied by 108cfu/kg; the inoculation amount is based on the number of living cells;
in the fermentation step, the fermentation time is 7-10 days; in particular 8 d;
the fermentation is sealed light-resistant anaerobic fermentation without turning over a fermentation pile;
controlling the water content of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws to be 60-70% in the fermentation process;
the fermentation container is a cement cellar or a soil cellar which is ensiled or aminated, and a layer of plastic film is paved at the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation container.
In the step 2), the formula of the mixed powder material can be specifically as follows: fermented straw powder (52%), clover powder (5%), rye grass powder (4%), arrow pea grass powder (1%), sub-rice flour (2%), corn flour (2%), potato processing leftover powder (5%), flax cake meal (4%), rapeseed meal (3%), coconut meal (2%), black bean dregs (5%), shrimp powder (3%), worm powder (2%), waste red dates (3%), shelled peanuts (4%), tangerine peel powder (1%), spinach roots (2%) and pumpkin processing leftovers (3%);
or the formula of the mixed powder material can be specifically as follows: fermented straw powder (55.5%), clover powder (5%), rye grass powder (4%), arrow tongue pea grass powder (2%), sub-rice flour (3%), corn flour (3%), potato processing leftover powder (3%), flax cake meal (3%), rapeseed meal (2%), coconut meal (1%), black bean dregs (4%), shrimp powder (2%), worm powder (1%), waste red dates (3%), shelled peanuts (3%), tangerine peel powder (1.5%), spinach roots (1%) and pumpkin processing leftovers (3%).
The amount of the cattle type freeze-dried powder or the sheep type freeze-dried powder is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder; specifically, it was found to be 0.4%.
In addition, the straw pellet feed prepared by the method, the application of the straw pellet feed in feeding livestock and the application of the straw pellet feed in any one of the following methods also belong to the protection scope of the invention:
1) the feed intake of the livestock is improved;
2) the waste amount of the livestock feed is reduced;
3) increasing daily gain of the livestock;
4) reducing the incidence of the livestock.
In addition, the product containing the straw pellet feed also belongs to the protection scope of the invention. Specifically, the product has at least one of the following functions:
1) the feed intake of the livestock is improved;
2) the waste amount of the livestock feed is reduced;
3) increasing daily gain of the livestock;
4) reducing the incidence of the livestock.
The invention adds microorganism active strain into the straw, so that the straw is fermented into the feed which is favorite for the livestock with acid, fragrance and wine flavor. The method has the advantages that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straws are degraded and converted into mycoprotein by using microorganisms, the nutritive value and the digestibility of the straws are improved, the straws are non-toxic and residue-free, can be completely metabolized or utilized in animal bodies, and have important application value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
The method comprises the steps of cleaning corn straw (50%), wheat straw (15%), sorghum straw (15%), rice straw (10%) and soybean straw (10%), crushing to 1-3cm, adding seed watermelon leftovers (accounting for 8-10% of the total amount of the straws), apple processing leftovers (accounting for 3-5% of the total amount of the straws), sweet potato leftovers (accounting for 5-10% of the total amount of the straws), beet molasses (accounting for 0.5-1% of the total amount of the straws), adding a mixed bacterial solution of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.5-2 x 108cfu/kg. Fermenting for 7-10 days. The container can be selected from a cement cellar or an earth cellar similar to ensiling or ammoniation, and a layer of plastic film is laid at the bottom and the periphery of the container. The water content of the straw is controlled to be 60-70%. After fermentation, drying and crushing.
Collecting fresh excrement of healthy cattle and sheep, sealing the bag, and storing for later use; the screening conditions of cattle and sheep of the excrement collection object are as follows: the first 3 months before collection, no diarrhea and other pathological symptoms occur and no livestock drug is used. Strictly registering the collector, such as intestinal diseases and other serious infectious diseases within 1 month after collection, the sample should be disposed of and unusable. Secondly, before collection, the cattle and sheep need to be subjected to blood examination, and diseases cannot be caused. And thirdly, the cattle and sheep are healthy, have the weight up to the standard, and are lively and robust. And fourthly, isolating for a week before collection. Collecting feces, adding proper amount of normal saline, and fully suspending by using a homogenizer to obtain slurry; filtering the homogenate by using a filter or medical gauze, removing the excretion waste, and reserving the mixed bacterial suspension; and (3) coating the mixed bacterial suspension on an MRS plate, a BHI plate, an LB + 5% skim milk plate and a blood plate, culturing under anaerobic and oxygen supply conditions, and selecting single bacterial colonies. And (4) after colony identification, preserving and separating the obtained intestinal probiotics. And (3) after secondary activation of the probiotics obtained by separation, preparing freeze-dried powder by using a freeze-drying machine, and reserving the freeze-dried powder for cattle types and sheep types for later use.
The method comprises the following steps of crushing 50-75% of fermented straw powder, 3-5% of clover powder, 2-4% of black wheat straw powder, 1-2% of swordlike pea powder, 2-3% of wheat middling powder, 1-3% of corn powder, 3-5% of potato processing leftover powder, 2-4% of flax cake meal, 1-3% of rapeseed meal, 1-2% of coconut meal, 2-5% of black bean dregs, 1-3% of shrimp powder, 1-2% of insect powder, 1-3% of waste red dates, 2-4% of shelled peanuts, 0.5-1.5% of tangerine peel powder, 1-2% of spinach roots and 1-3% of pumpkin processing leftovers, uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and preparing mixed powder.
Mixing additives to be dissolved according to the mass of 4-6% of solid, wherein the additives comprise lysine (30-40%), lactic acid bacteria (1-2%), bifidobacteria (2-3%), composite bacillus (3-5%), saccharomyces cerevisiae (10-15%), candida utilis (5-10%) and hydrolyzed casein (25-35%), and dissolving the additives to prepare a solution with the concentration of more than 80%.
And adding the mixed powder into the mixed solution to adjust the water content to about 8%, and preparing into 2-3 cm particles by using a granulator.
Spraying freeze-dried powder (accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the mixed powder) into the cattle and sheep type powder, and uniformly coating the freeze-dried powder outside the granules.
Air-drying to obtain dry granulated feed.
In the following examples, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus, bifidobacterium bifidum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida utilis were all purchased from ATCC beina organisms as pure bacteria lyophilized powders.
The lactobacillus is purchased from Shandonogojie Biotech Co., Ltd, and is a feed additive sold in the market.
The composite bacillus is purchased from Guangdong green hundred-Biotech limited and is a feed additive sold in the market.
The hydrolyzed casein was purchased from Zhengzhou Teweisi Biotech limited.
Example 1
1. Firstly, corn straws, wheat straws, sorghum straws, rice straws and soybean straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 50%: 15%: 15%: 10%: mixing 10% of the above materials, pulverizing to 1-3cm, adding seed watermelon leftovers, apple processing leftovers, sweet potato leftovers and beet molasses, adding mixed bacteria solution composed of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus, fermenting, and oven drying and pulverizing to obtain fermented straw powder;
the cfu ratio of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1;
the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterial liquid is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/kg; the inoculation amount is based on the number of living cells;
in the fermentation step, the fermentation time is 8 d; the fermentation is sealed light-resistant anaerobic fermentation without turning over a fermentation pile; controlling the water content of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws to be 60-70% in the fermentation process; the fermentation container is a cement cellar or a soil cellar which is ensiled or aminated, and a layer of plastic film is paved at the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation container.
Then the obtained fermented straw powder (52%), clover powder (5%), rye powder (4%), arrow tongue pea powder (1%), secondary rice flour (2%), corn flour (2%), potato processing leftover powder (5%), flax cake meal (4%), rapeseed meal (3%), coconut meal (2%), black bean dregs (5%), shrimp powder (3%), worm powder (2%), waste red dates (3%), shelled peanuts (4%), tangerine peel powder (1%), spinach roots (2%) and pumpkin processing leftovers (3%); all the raw materials are crushed and mixed evenly. Mixing the additives to be dissolved according to the mass percent of 5% of the solid; the additive solid to be dissolved comprises the following components in percentage by mass: lysine (40%), lactic acid bacteria (2%), bifidobacteria (3%), bacillus compositus (5%), saccharomyces cerevisiae (15%), candida utilis (8%) and hydrolyzed casein (27%) which are dissolved to prepare a solution with the concentration of 85%. The bovine intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder is coated by 0.5 percent.
The beef cattle of 10 months old are selected for testing and divided into two groups, 15 beef cattle are selected for each group, the beef cattle variety Limuzan is selected, physical examination is carried out before the test, all the beef cattle are healthy beef cattle, and the weight of the beef cattle is 190-205 kg. The control group was fed with normal feed at a consistent feed rate for 60 days. The common feed adopts a composite premixed feed (for cattle) sold by Fulide company in the calf stage and a recommended formula thereof: 60 jin of corn, 22 jin of soybean meal, 12 jin of wheat bran, 1 jin of baking soda and 5 jin of premix, the feeding amount is consistent, the feed is fed for about 2 times a day for 60 days and about 6kg, the feed is fed once at 7-8 o 'clock in the morning (3kg), the feed is fed once at 5-6 o' clock in the afternoon (3kg), two groups of cattle at noon are fed with fresh grass feed with green and succulent, and two groups of cattle at night are fed with green hay. )
TABLE 1 weight gain of beef cattle of test and control groups
Example 2
Firstly, corn straws, wheat straws, sorghum straws, rice straws and soybean straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 50%: 15%: 15%: 10%: mixing 10% of the above materials, pulverizing to 1-3cm, adding seed watermelon leftovers, apple processing leftovers, sweet potato leftovers and beet molasses, adding mixed bacteria solution composed of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus, fermenting, and oven drying and pulverizing to obtain fermented straw powder;
the cfu ratio of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1;
the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterial liquid is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/kg; the inoculation amount is based on the number of living cells;
in the fermentation step, the fermentation time is 8 d; the fermentation is sealed light-resistant anaerobic fermentation without turning over a fermentation pile; controlling the water content of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws to be 60-70% in the fermentation process; the fermentation container is a cement cellar or a soil cellar which is ensiled or aminated, and a layer of plastic film is paved at the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation container.
And then, crushing and uniformly mixing the fermented straw powder (55.5%), the clover powder (5%), the black wheat straw powder (4%), the arrowroot pea powder (2%), the sub-rice flour (3%), the corn flour (3%), the potato processing leftover powder (3%), the flax cake meal (3%), the rapeseed meal (2%), the coconut meal (1%), the black bean dregs (4%), the shrimp powder (2%), the insect powder (1%), the waste red dates (3%), the shelled peanuts (3%), the tangerine peel powder (1.5%), the spinach roots (1%), the pumpkin processing leftovers (3%) and preparing into mixed powder.
The additives to be dissolved are prepared and mixed according to the mass of 4 percent of solid, and comprise lysine (40 percent), lactic acid bacteria (2 percent), bifidobacteria (3 percent), bacillus compositus (4 percent), saccharomyces cerevisiae (12 percent), candida utilis (7 percent) and hydrolyzed casein (32 percent), and the additives are dissolved to prepare a solution with the concentration of 80 percent. The sheep-coated intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder is 0.4 percent.
The method is characterized in that goats of about 3-4 months old are selected for testing, the goats are divided into two groups, each group comprises 20 goats, the local common goats can be used as a dual purpose, all the goats are healthy sheep after physical examination before testing, and the weight of the goats ranges from 16 kg to 18 kg. The test was carried out by feeding the control group with a conventional feed, which was a composite premix (for lambs) sold by Furied company on the market, and the recommended formula: 58 jin of corn, 26 jin of soybean meal, 10 jin of wheat bran, 1 jin of baking soda and 5 jin of premix, the feeding amount is consistent, and the feed is fed for 60 days (0.8 kg per day). The feed is fed three times in the morning, noon and evening, and the two groups are supplemented with 0.3-0.5kg of green feed every day. ) TABLE 2 weight gain of goats in the test and control groups
Claims (8)
1. A method of preparing a straw pellet feed comprising:
1) corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, rice straw and soybean straw are mixed according to the mass ratio of 50%: 15%: 15%: 10%: mixing 10% of the above materials, pulverizing to 1-3cm, adding seed watermelon leftovers, apple processing leftovers, sweet potato leftovers and beet molasses, adding mixed bacteria solution composed of Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactobacillus, fermenting, and oven drying and pulverizing to obtain fermented straw powder;
the cfu ratio of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactobacillus is 1-1.2: 1-1.1: 1-1.2: 1-1.3: 1 to 1.1;
2) uniformly mixing the fermented straw powder, clover powder, rye grass powder, arrow pea grass powder, sub-rice powder, corn powder, potato processing leftover powder, flax cake meal, rapeseed meal, coconut meal, black bean dregs, shrimp powder, insect powder, waste red dates, shelled peanuts, dried orange peel powder, spinach roots and pumpkin processing leftovers obtained in the step 1) according to the following mass percentage, and crushing to obtain mixed powder;
fermenting the straw powder (50-75%);
clover powder (3-5%);
2-4% of rye grass powder;
1-2% of vetch grass powder;
sub-rice flour (2-3%);
corn flour (1-3%);
potato processing leftover powder (3-5%);
flax cake (2-4%);
rapeseed meal (1-3%);
coconut meal (1-2%);
2-5% of black bean dregs;
1-3% of shrimp meal;
1-2% of insect powder;
waste red dates (1-3%);
2-4% of shelled peanuts;
0.5-1.5% of tangerine peel powder;
spinach root (1-2%);
pumpkin processing leftovers (1-3%);
3) preparing and mixing additives to be dissolved according to the mass of 4-6% of the solid, and dissolving the additives to prepare a solution with the concentration of more than 80%, namely a mixed solution;
the additive to be dissolved consists of lysine, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, composite bacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and hydrolyzed casein;
the mass ratio of lysine, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, composite bacillus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and hydrolyzed casein is 30-40%: 1-2%: 2-3%: 3-5%: 10-15%: 5-10%: 25-35%;
4) mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) with the mixed solution obtained in the step 3), adjusting the water content to 7-9 wt%, granulating, uniformly coating the cattle type freeze-dried powder or the sheep type freeze-dried powder outside the granules, and air-drying to obtain the straw granulated feed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the using amount of the watermelon leftovers for seeds is 8-10% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the using amount of the apple processing leftovers is 3-5% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the using amount of the sweet potato leftovers is 5-10% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the amount of the beet molasses is 0.5-1% of the total mass of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws;
the inoculation amount of the mixed bacterial liquid is 1.5-2 multiplied by 108cfu/kg；
In the fermentation step, the fermentation time is 7-10 days;
controlling the water content of the corn straws, the wheat straws, the sorghum straws, the rice straws and the soybean straws to be 60-70% in the fermentation process;
the fermentation container is a cement cellar or a soil cellar which is ensiled or aminated, and a layer of plastic film is paved at the bottom and the periphery of the fermentation container.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the amount of the cattle type freeze-dried powder or the sheep type freeze-dried powder is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the mixed powder.
4. Straw pellet feed produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. Use of the straw pellet feed of claim 4 for feeding livestock.
6. The use of the straw pellet feed of claim 4 in any one of the following:
1) the feed intake of the livestock is improved;
2) the waste amount of the livestock feed is reduced;
3) increasing daily gain of the livestock;
4) reducing the incidence of the livestock.
7. A product comprising the straw pellet feed of claim 4.
8. The product of claim 7, wherein: the product has at least one of the following functions:
1) the feed intake of the livestock is improved;
2) the waste amount of the livestock feed is reduced;
3) increasing daily gain of the livestock;
4) reducing the incidence of the livestock.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1325635A (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2001-12-12 | 天津理工学院 | Process for preparing puffed granular protein feed of ox and sheep and products thereof |
| CN105010728A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-04 | 河南省金阳生态工程有限公司 | Preparation technology of microorganism straw feed |
| CN111328923A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-26 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Biological composite straw pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN111631307A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Cattle and sheep straw pellet feed containing cattle and sheep intestinal probiotics |
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2021
- 2021-10-14 CN CN202111197118.4A patent/CN113951377A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1325635A (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2001-12-12 | 天津理工学院 | Process for preparing puffed granular protein feed of ox and sheep and products thereof |
| CN105010728A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-04 | 河南省金阳生态工程有限公司 | Preparation technology of microorganism straw feed |
| CN111328923A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-26 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Biological composite straw pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN111631307A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Cattle and sheep straw pellet feed containing cattle and sheep intestinal probiotics |
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