CN111631307A - Cattle and sheep straw pellet feed containing cattle and sheep intestinal probiotics - Google Patents
Cattle and sheep straw pellet feed containing cattle and sheep intestinal probiotics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a straw pellet feed containing probiotics for cattle and sheep. The feed is prepared from the following raw materials: mixing straw powder, acorn powder, oat powder, clover powder, ormosia powder, milk vetch powder, potato residue powder, pea residue powder, black bean residue powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, pinus spinosa powder, gracilaria powder, watermelon residue powder, crab shell powder, oil residue powder, yam powder, malt root powder, millet bran, dry apple peel powder, crabapple fruit powder, dry pomegranate peel powder, radish peel powder, celery root powder, lettuce leaf powder, locust leaf powder, elm leaf powder, poplar leaf powder and cattle (sheep) type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder. The feed provided by the invention can improve the use amount of straws, changes waste into valuable, contains intestinal probiotics which accord with the growth characteristics of cattle and sheep, greatly improves the digestion capacity and resistance of cattle and sheep, and is comprehensive in nutrition and good in palatability by adding a large amount of other materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to a straw pellet feed containing probiotics for cattle and sheep.
Background
The animal husbandry is a 'big game' for the development of agriculture and rural economy in China, a source for increasing the income of farmers and a breakthrough of circular economy, accelerates the development of the animal husbandry and has very important significance for promoting the construction of new rural areas. At present, the feed for animal husbandry has wide sources, and comprises more than ten kinds of feed raw materials, such as soybean, soybean meal, corn, fish meal, amino acid, miscellaneous meal, whey powder, grease, meat and bone meal, grains, feed additives and the like. In recent years, with the continuous development of animal husbandry, the development of the livestock industry is faster, the number of cattle and sheep is increased rapidly, the demand on feed is larger and larger, the sources of crop straws are rich, the cost is low, if the using strength of straw feed is greatly developed, the feed has a positive promoting effect on the development of animal husbandry, and the feed is an important measure for developing grain-saving animal husbandry.
Among the existing feed raw materials, straw is a widely applied material, and the preparation process is more, and the methods of ensiling, direct feeding and the like are more. At present, the main problems of the pure use of straws as the feed are that the nutrient elements are single, coarse and coarse, and the palatability of the livestock is poor. The straw can be crushed and added with other substances, and the mixture is extruded and processed into granulated feed in a granulated feed machine, the internal curing degree of the straw is deep due to friction and heating in the processing process, and the processed feed granules have smooth surfaces, moderate hardness, consistent size and moderate particle diameter. The granules can be used as feed and can become a high-quality feed source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a straw pellet feed for cattle and sheep and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a straw pellet feed for cattle (sheep), which is prepared from the following raw materials: mixing straw powder, acorn powder, oat powder, clover powder, ormosia powder, milk vetch powder, potato residue powder, pea residue powder, black bean residue powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, pinus spinosa powder, gracilaria powder, watermelon residue powder, crab shell powder, oil residue powder, yam powder, malt root powder, millet bran, dry apple peel powder, crabapple fruit powder, dry pomegranate peel powder, radish peel powder, celery root powder, lettuce leaf powder, locust leaf powder, elm leaf powder, poplar leaf powder and cattle (sheep) type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder;
the straw pellet feed for cattle (sheep) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of mixed straw powder, 1-3 parts of acorn powder, 3-5 parts of oat powder, 2-5 parts of clover powder, 2-5 parts of ormosia powder, 2-5 parts of astragalus sinicus powder, 1-2 parts of potato residue powder, 1-2 parts of pea residue powder, 1-2 parts of black bean residue powder, 0.5-1 part of silkworm chrysalis powder, 0.2-0.3 part of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1-0.2 part of gracilaria powder, 1-2 parts of watermelon residue powder, 2-5 parts of crab shell powder, 0.3-1 part of oil residue powder, 1-1.5 parts of yam powder, 0.2-0.5 part of malt root powder, 0.5-1 part of millet bran, 0.1-0.2 part of dried apple peel powder, 0.2 part of sea cucumber powder, 0.2-0.4 part of Chinese flowering crabapple powder, 0.05-0.5 part of dried pomegranate rind powder, 0.05 part of radish leaf powder, 3-0.5 part of celery leaf powder, 0.05 part of radish leaf powder, and 1-0.2 part of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5-1 part of locust leaf powder, 0.4-1 part of elm leaf powder, 0.4-1 part of poplar leaf powder and 0.5 part of cattle (sheep) type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder.
Specifically, the straw pellet feed for cattle is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 64% of mixed straw powder, 2% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 2.2% of astragalus sinicus powder, 1% of potato residue powder, 1% of pea residue powder, 2% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.5% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.4% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.7% of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5% of acacia leaf powder, 0.5% of elm leaf powder, 0.4% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of bovine intestinal probiotic freeze;
or, specifically, the straw pellet feed for sheep is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% of mixed straw powder, 3% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 3% of astragalus sinicus powder, 2% of potato residue powder, 2% of pea residue powder, 1% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.3% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.3% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.6% of lettuce leaf powder, 1% of acacia leaf powder, 1% of elm leaf powder, 1% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of lyophilized powder of sheep.
In the straw pellet feed for cattle (sheep), the mixed straw powder is prepared by the following method: cleaning and crushing air-dried corn straws, sorghum straws and sunflower discs;
wherein, the mass portion ratio of corn stalk, sorghum stalk and sunflower disc can be: 65-75: 15-25: 5-15, specifically 70: 20: 10;
the particle size of the mixed straw powder can be 0.4-0.8 cm.
The acorn powder is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
taking acorn particle fruits, drying in the sun, removing shells and drying pulp in the sun, soaking the dried acorn pulp in water to leach tannin, removing astringent taste, fishing out the pulp, grinding the pulp into powder to obtain acorn powder, adding water, stirring, precipitating for 3-5 days, filtering and collecting precipitate, adding water, stirring and precipitating until the upper layer of water of the precipitate has no astringent taste, collecting starch precipitate, and crushing in the drying process to obtain acorn powder;
wherein, the soaking time can be 10-15 days;
the water is changed once a day in the soaking process.
The particle size of the clover powder, the ormosia powder and the astragalus sinicus powder can be 0.4-0.8 cm; is prepared by air drying herba Trifolii Pratentis powder, herba Phaseoli powder, and herba astragali Melilotoidis powder respectively, and pulverizing.
The potato residue powder is prepared by airing potato starch residues and then crushing the potato starch residues into powder;
the pea residue powder and the black bean residue powder are prepared by respectively airing and crushing the pea residue powder and the black bean residue powder into powder;
the silkworm chrysalis powder is prepared by drying silkworm chrysalis and crushing the dried silkworm chrysalis into powder;
the spinosa powder and the flat gracilaria powder are prepared by respectively drying the spinosa and the flat gracilaria and then crushing the dried spinosa and the flat gracilaria into powder;
the watermelon residue powder is prepared by crushing watermelon residues at a high temperature of more than 90 ℃, quickly drying, and crushing into powder again;
the crab shell powder is prepared by washing crab shells with high-temperature water, steaming, sterilizing and crushing into powder;
the oil residue powder is prepared by crushing the refined animal oil residue into powder;
the yam powder is prepared by cleaning yam processing waste, drying and crushing the yam processing waste into powder;
wherein the yam processing waste comprises yam defective products and yam skins;
the drying may be carried out at 60 ℃;
the malt root powder is prepared by germinating wheat, oat and/or barley grains; the preparation process comprises the following steps:
removing impurities from wheat, oat and/or barley grains, cleaning with clear water, soaking the cleaned grains at 10-15 ℃ for 24h, washing with clear water, draining, putting into a big barrel, covering with an old jute bag, suffocating fibrous roots in an environment of 10-15 ℃ for 48h, paving the exposed white grains in a wood box with water leakage holes at the bottom, keeping the indoor temperature at 15 ℃ preferably not more than 4cm, watering according to the growth, generally repeating once every 6h for 3-4 times; drying and pulverizing at high temperature when the malt grows to 0.5 cm.
The dry apple peel powder and the crabapple fruit powder are prepared by respectively drying and crushing the dry apple peel and the crabapple fruit at high temperature;
the dry pomegranate rind powder is prepared by crushing dry pomegranate rind;
the radish peel powder, celery root powder and lettuce leaf powder are prepared by respectively drying and crushing radish peel, celery root and lettuce leaf at high temperature;
the acacia leaf powder, elm leaf powder and poplar leaf powder are prepared by respectively drying and crushing acacia leaves, elm leaves and poplar leaves;
the cow (sheep) intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
1) collecting feces, and sealing for storage;
2) adding physiological saline into the excrement to suspend, filtering to remove excretion waste and reserving mixed bacterial suspension;
3) coating the mixed bacterial suspension on an MRS plate, a BHI plate, an LB + 5% skim milk plate and a blood plate, and respectively culturing under anaerobic and oxygen supply conditions (the anaerobic condition is that the mixed bacterial suspension is placed in a vacuum culture dish, carbon dioxide is added after vacuumizing, the operation is repeated twice, and the anaerobic environment is simulated; culturing in air in an oxygen supply environment in a sterilized culture dish), and selecting single colonies; after colony identification, preserving and separating the obtained intestinal probiotics;
4) and (4) activating the separated probiotics for the second time, and preparing the probiotics into freeze-dried powder, and reserving the powder for cattle type and sheep type for later use.
In the step 1) of the method, the screening conditions of cattle and sheep of the excrement collection object are as follows: firstly, no diarrhea or other pathological symptoms occur in the first 3 months of collection, and no livestock drug is used; strictly registering the collector, such as endogenous intestinal diseases and other serious infectious diseases 1 month after collection, the sample needs to be processed and discarded and cannot be used;
secondly, before collection, blood examination is carried out on the cattle and sheep, and diseases cannot be caused;
thirdly, the cattle and sheep are healthy and have the weight up to the standard, and are lively and robust;
and fourthly, isolating for a week before collection.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the straw pellet feed for cattle (sheep).
The method comprises the following steps:
mixing the mixed straw powder, acorn powder, oat powder, clover powder, red bean grass powder, milk vetch powder, potato residue powder, pea residue powder, black bean residue powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, pinus spinosa powder, flat gracilaria powder, watermelon residue powder, crab shell powder, oil residue powder, yam powder, malt root powder, millet bran, dry apple peel powder, crabapple fruit powder, dry pomegranate peel powder, radish peel powder, celery root powder, lettuce leaf powder, acacia leaf powder, elm leaf powder, poplar leaf powder and cattle (sheep) type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder uniformly, adding water, feeding into a flat die pellet feed machine, pressing into pellet feed, and airing at room temperature to prepare the pellet feed.
The length of the granulated feed can be 1-4 cm.
The feed can improve the using amount of straw feed, changes waste into valuable, is beneficial to realizing grain-saving animal husbandry, and can save a large amount of feed; the feed contains intestinal probiotics which accord with the growth characteristics of cattle and sheep, has strong pertinence, and greatly improves the digestion capacity and the resistance of the cattle and sheep; the feed has comprehensive nutrients, is supplied with nutrients from the aspect of livestock demands, and is prepared by adding a large amount of other materials including protein, grease, cellulose, trace elements and the like; the palatability is good through processing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The mixed straw powder adopted in the following examples is prepared by the following method: cleaning and crushing air-dried corn straws, sorghum straws and sunflower discs;
wherein the mass percentage content ratio of the corn straws, the sorghum straws and the sunflower discs is as follows: 70%: 20%: 10 percent.
The freeze-dried powder of the intestinal probiotics for cattle (sheep) adopted in the following examples is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
collecting fresh feces of healthy cattle (sheep), sealing the bag, and storing for later use; the screening conditions of cattle and sheep of the excrement collection object are as follows: the first 3 months before collection, no diarrhea and other pathological symptoms occur and no livestock drug is used. Strictly registering the collector, such as intestinal diseases and other serious infectious diseases within 1 month after collection, the sample should be disposed of and unusable. Secondly, before collection, the cattle and sheep need to be subjected to blood examination, and diseases cannot be caused. And thirdly, the cattle and sheep are healthy, have the weight up to the standard, and are lively and robust. And fourthly, isolating for a week before collection. Collecting feces, adding proper amount of normal saline, and fully suspending by using a homogenizer to obtain slurry; filtering the homogenate by using a filter or medical gauze, removing the excretion waste, and reserving the mixed bacterial suspension; and (3) coating the mixed bacterial suspension on an MRS plate, a BHI plate, an LB + 5% skim milk plate and a blood plate, culturing under anaerobic and oxygen supply conditions, and selecting single bacterial colonies. And (4) after colony identification, preserving and separating the obtained intestinal probiotics. And (4) after the probiotics obtained by separation are activated for the second time, a freeze-drying machine is adopted to prepare freeze-dried powder, and the cattle (sheep) type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder is obtained. (the process is the same as the collection and preparation process of medical probiotics, and the operation process of technicians in the field needs to meet the requirements of the related processes of medical bacteria collection, culture, preparation and the like.)
Acorn flour used in the following examples was prepared by the following process: collecting mature acorn fruit particles, sun-drying, removing shell, and sun-drying the peeled pulp. Soaking the sun-dried fructus Querci Acutissimae in water for 13 days, changing water once a day to extract tannin, removing astringent taste until completely soaking, taking out fructus Querci Acutissimae, and grinding. The acorn powder is wet, and is stirred repeatedly in a container, precipitated, filtered once for four days, and filtered for 4 times to remove astringent taste, and water on the upper layer of the starch precipitate is removed when the soaked water has no astringent taste. Taking out acorn starch, drying in the sun, and pulverizing into powder.
The malt root powder (taking wheat malt root powder as an example) adopted in the following examples is prepared by the following process:
the wheat grains which are sold in the market and have no mildew and high germination rate are reserved. The seeds are thoroughly raised by a sieve, various impurities are removed, and then the seeds are cleaned by clear water, so that the germination rate is improved. And (3) soaking the cleaned seeds for 24 hours at room temperature of 13 ℃ to ensure that the seeds absorb certain moisture and are favorable for germination. The soaked seeds have a smell, and need to be washed clean by clear water, otherwise, the seeds are easy to be sour and bad. And (3) draining the washed seeds, putting the seeds into a big barrel, covering the big barrel with an old jute bag, and sealing the old jute bag at the temperature of 10-15 ℃ for only 48 hours to allow the old jute bag to tightly cover fibrous roots. And then spreading the white grains (roots will break through seed coats) in a wood box (small water leakage holes are reserved at the bottom of the box), keeping the indoor temperature at 15 ℃ preferably until the thickness is not more than 4cm, watering according to the growth vigor, and generally repeating the watering once every 6 hours for 4 times. If the wheat grains are hinged, the wheat grains need to be loosened and spread uniformly again. During the period, the rotten seeds are removed. Drying and pulverizing at high temperature when the malt grows to 0.5 cm.
Example 1 straw pellet feed for cattle
The formula is as follows: 64% of mixed straw powder, 2% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 2.2% of astragalus sinicus, 1% of potato residue powder, 1% of pea residue powder, 2% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.5% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.4% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.7% of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5% of acacia leaf powder, 0.5% of elm leaf powder, 0.4% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of bovine intestinal probiotic freeze-.
The test is carried out by selecting 10-month-old beef cattle, and feeding the beef cattle with the same feeding amount for 60 days by using a control group to feed common feed.
The beef cattle of 10 months old are selected for testing and divided into two groups, 10 beef cattle are selected for each group, the beef cattle are like Limuzan, physical examination is carried out before the test, all the beef cattle are healthy, and the weight of the beef cattle is 200-205 kg. The control group was fed with a common feed, which was a composite premix feed (for cattle) for calves sold by Fulida, sold in the market, and its recommended formula: 60 jin of corn, 22 jin of soybean meal, 12 jin of wheat bran, 1 jin of baking soda and 5 jin of premix, the feeding amount is consistent, the feed is fed for about 2 times a day for 60 days and about 6kg, the feed is fed once at 7-8 o 'clock in the morning (3kg), the feed is fed once at 5-6 o' clock in the afternoon (3kg), two groups of cattle at noon are fed with fresh grass feed with green and succulent, and two groups of cattle at night are fed with green hay. ) The feed meat of the invention example is obviously reduced compared with the control group.
TABLE 1 growth of beef cattle of the invention and control groups
| Weight kg before test | Body weight kg after test | Mean weight gain kg | Disease during feeding | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Examples of the invention | 203.8 | 248.1 | 44.3 | 0.1％ | 7.29 |
| Control group | 204.0 | 234.1 | 30.1 | 0.3％ | 11.04 |
Example 2 sheep straw pellet feed
The formula is as follows: 60% of mixed straw powder, 3% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover, 3% of red bean grass, 3% of milk vetch, 2% of potato residue powder, 2% of pea residue powder, 1% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblate powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.3% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.3% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.6% of lettuce leaf powder, 1% of acacia leaf powder, 1% of elm leaf powder, 1% of poplar powder and 0.5% of lyophilized powder of sheep-use.
The method is characterized in that goats of about 3-4 months old are selected for testing, the goats are divided into two groups, each group comprises 20 goats, the local common goats can be used as a dual purpose, all the goats are healthy sheep after physical examination before testing, and the weight of the goats ranges from 16 kg to 16.5 kg. The test was carried out by feeding the control group with a conventional feed, which was a composite premix (for lambs) sold by Furied company on the market, and the recommended formula: 58 jin of corn, 26 jin of soybean meal, 10 jin of wheat bran, 1 jin of baking soda and 5 jin of premix, the feeding amount is consistent, and the feed is fed for 60 days (0.8 kg per day). The feed is fed three times in the morning, noon and evening, and the two groups are supplemented with 0.3-0.5kg of green feed every day. ) The feed meat of the invention example is obviously reduced compared with the control group.
TABLE 2 growth of goats in the invention and control groups
| Weight kg before test | Body weight kg after test | Mean weight gain kg | Disease during feeding | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Examples of the invention | 16.3 | 25.1 | 8.8 | 0.2％ | 5.11 |
| Control group | 16.4 | 21.3 | 4.9 | 0.5％ | 8.57 |
Comparative example
Also for example 1: straw granulated feed for cattle
The formula is as follows: 64% of mixed straw powder, 2% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 2.2% of astragalus sinicus, 1% of potato residue powder, 1% of pea residue powder, 2% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.5% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.4% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.7% of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5% of acacia leaf powder, 0.5% of elm leaf powder, 0.4% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of bovine intestinal probiotic bacteria.
The formula of the comparative example is as follows: 64 percent of mixed straw powder, 2 percent of acorn powder, 5 percent of oat powder, 5 percent of clover powder, 3 percent of ormosia powder, 2.2 percent of milk vetch, 1 percent of potato residue powder, 1 percent of pea residue powder, 2 percent of black bean residue powder, 0.5 percent of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2 percent of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1 percent of gracilaria oblata powder, 2 percent of watermelon residue powder, 5 percent of crab shell powder, 0.5 percent of oil residue powder, 1.5 percent of yam powder, 0.5 percent of malt root powder, 0.5 percent of millet bran, 0.2 percent of dry apple peel powder, 0.4 percent of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1 percent of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5 percent of radish peel powder, 0.2 percent of celery root powder, 0.7 percent of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5 percent of acacia leaf powder, 0.5 percent of elm leaf powder, 0.4 percent of poplar leaf powder and 0.5 percent of freeze-dried lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis (1.
And the other control group is fed with common feed.
The beef cattle of 10 months old are selected for testing and divided into three groups (examples, comparative examples and control groups), wherein each group has 10 beef cattle of the variety Limozan, and the beef cattle are inspected before the test and are all healthy beef cattle with the weight of 200-205 kg. The control group was fed with a common feed, which was a composite premix feed (for cattle) for calves sold by Fulida, sold in the market, and its recommended formula: 60 jin of corn, 22 jin of soybean meal, 12 jin of wheat bran, 1 jin of baking soda and 5 jin of premix, the feeding amount is consistent, the feed is fed for about 2 times a day for 60 days and about 6kg, the feed is fed once at 7-8 o 'clock in the morning (3kg), the feed is fed once at 5-6 o' clock in the afternoon (3kg), two groups of cattle at noon are fed with fresh grass feed with green and succulent, and two groups of cattle at night are fed with green hay. ) The feed meat ratio of the invention example is obviously reduced compared with the comparative group and the control group.
TABLE 3 growth of beef cattle of the test and control groups
| Weight kg before test | Body weight kg after test | Mean weight gain kg | Disease during feeding | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Examples of the invention | 198.5 | 247.9 | 49.4 | 0.08％ | 7.29 |
| Control group | 198.6 | 231.2 | 32.6 | 0.27％ | 11.04 |
| Comparative example | 198.5 | 240.2 | 41.7 | 0.11％ | 8.63 |
Claims (8)
1. A straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep is prepared from the following raw materials: mixing straw powder, acorn powder, oat powder, clover powder, ormosia powder, milk vetch powder, potato residue powder, pea residue powder, black bean residue powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, pinus spinosa powder, gracilaria powder, watermelon residue powder, crab shell powder, oil residue powder, yam powder, malt root powder, millet bran, dry apple peel powder, crabapple fruit powder, dry pomegranate peel powder, radish peel powder, celery root powder, lettuce leaf powder, locust leaf powder, elm leaf powder, poplar leaf powder and cattle or sheep type intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder.
2. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of mixed straw powder, 1-3 parts of acorn powder, 3-5 parts of oat powder, 2-5 parts of clover powder, 2-5 parts of ormosia powder, 2-5 parts of astragalus sinicus powder, 1-2 parts of potato residue powder, 1-2 parts of pea residue powder, 1-2 parts of black bean residue powder, 0.5-1 part of silkworm chrysalis powder, 0.2-0.3 part of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1-0.2 part of gracilaria powder, 1-2 parts of watermelon residue powder, 2-5 parts of crab shell powder, 0.3-1 part of oil residue powder, 1-1.5 parts of yam powder, 0.2-0.5 part of malt root powder, 0.5-1 part of millet bran, 0.1-0.2 part of dry apple peel powder, 0.2-0.4 part of crab apple fruit powder, 0.05-0.1 part of dry pomegranate bark powder, 0.2-0.5 part of radish peel powder, 0.5 part of dry apple peel powder, 0.1-0.5 part of asparagus leaf powder, 0.5-0.5 part of asparagus leaf powder, 3-1 part of asparagus leaf powder or lyophilized powder, and 3.4 parts of 3-1.4 parts of asparagus leaf powder or 3.5 parts of asparagus leaf powder.
3. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the straw pellet feed for cattle is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 64% of mixed straw powder, 2% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 2.2% of astragalus sinicus powder, 1% of potato residue powder, 1% of pea residue powder, 2% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.5% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.4% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.7% of lettuce leaf powder, 0.5% of acacia leaf powder, 0.5% of elm leaf powder, 0.4% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of bovine intestinal probiotic freeze.
4. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the straw pellet feed for sheep is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% of mixed straw powder, 3% of acorn powder, 5% of oat powder, 5% of clover powder, 3% of ormosia powder, 3% of astragalus sinicus powder, 2% of potato residue powder, 2% of pea residue powder, 1% of black bean residue powder, 0.5% of silkworm chrysalis meal, 0.2% of pinus spinosus powder, 0.1% of gracilaria oblata powder, 2% of watermelon residue powder, 5% of crab shell powder, 0.5% of oil residue powder, 1.5% of yam powder, 0.3% of malt root powder, 0.5% of millet bran, 0.2% of dry apple peel powder, 0.3% of crab apple fruit powder, 0.1% of dry pomegranate peel powder, 0.5% of radish peel powder, 0.2% of celery root powder, 0.6% of lettuce leaf powder, 1% of acacia leaf powder, 1% of elm leaf powder, 1% of poplar leaf powder and 0.5% of lyophilized powder of sheep.
5. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the mixed straw powder is prepared by the following method: cleaning and crushing air-dried corn straws, sorghum straws and sunflower discs;
wherein the mass percentage content ratio of the corn straws, the sorghum straws and the sunflower discs is as follows: 60-75: 15-25: 5 to 15.
6. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the acorn powder is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
taking acorn particle fruits, drying in the sun, removing shells and drying pulp in the sun, soaking the dried acorn pulp in water to leach tannin, removing astringent taste, fishing out the pulp, grinding the pulp into powder to obtain acorn powder, adding water, stirring, precipitating for 3-5 days, filtering and collecting precipitate, adding water, stirring and precipitating until the upper layer of the precipitate is free of astringent taste, collecting starch precipitate, drying in the sun and crushing to obtain acorn powder.
7. The straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep as claimed in claims 1 to 6, wherein: the cow or sheep intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
1) collecting feces, and sealing for storage;
2) adding physiological saline into the excrement to suspend, filtering to remove excretion waste and reserving mixed bacterial suspension;
3) coating the mixed bacterial suspension on an MRS plate, a BHI plate, an LB + 5% skim milk plate and a blood plate, culturing under anaerobic and oxygen supply conditions, and selecting single bacterial colonies; after colony identification, preserving and separating the obtained intestinal probiotics;
4) and (3) activating the separated probiotics for the second time, and then preparing freeze-dried powder to obtain the straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep.
8. A method for preparing the straw pellet feed for cattle or sheep as claimed in claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: mixing the mixed straw powder, acorn powder, oat powder, clover powder, red bean grass powder, milk vetch powder, potato residue powder, pea residue powder, black bean residue powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, pinus spinosa powder, flat gracilaria powder, watermelon residue powder, crab shell powder, oil residue powder, yam powder, malt root powder, millet bran, dry apple peel powder, crabapple fruit powder, dry pomegranate peel powder, radish peel powder, celery root powder, lettuce leaf powder, acacia leaf powder, elm leaf powder, poplar leaf powder and cattle or sheep intestinal probiotic freeze-dried powder uniformly, adding water, feeding into a flat die pellet feed machine to press into pellet feed, and airing at room temperature to obtain the pellet feed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113951383A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-21 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Feeding straw particle capable of supplementing trace elements |
| CN113951377A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-21 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Straw pellet feed |
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| CN103549196A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-05 | 刘运宁 | Cattle and sheep pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105146172A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 明光市田地农产品贸易有限公司 | Nutrition-balanced composite straw sheep fodder and preparing method thereof |
| CN109497297A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-22 | 定远县国浩秸秆综合利用有限公司 | A kind of cattle and sheep straw feed and its production method |
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| CN1325635A (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2001-12-12 | 天津理工学院 | Process for preparing puffed granular protein feed of ox and sheep and products thereof |
| CN103549196A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-05 | 刘运宁 | Cattle and sheep pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105146172A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 明光市田地农产品贸易有限公司 | Nutrition-balanced composite straw sheep fodder and preparing method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113951383A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-21 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Feeding straw particle capable of supplementing trace elements |
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