CN113944234A - 夹层板和建筑模块 - Google Patents

夹层板和建筑模块 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113944234A
CN113944234A CN202110744925.7A CN202110744925A CN113944234A CN 113944234 A CN113944234 A CN 113944234A CN 202110744925 A CN202110744925 A CN 202110744925A CN 113944234 A CN113944234 A CN 113944234A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
module
sandwich panel
panel
foam
skin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110744925.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
迈克尔·大卫·斯托尼尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dream Construction Co ltd
Original Assignee
Dream Construction Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NZ766265A external-priority patent/NZ766265B2/en
Application filed by Dream Construction Co ltd filed Critical Dream Construction Co ltd
Publication of CN113944234A publication Critical patent/CN113944234A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14008—Inserting articles into the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1642—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles having a "sandwich" structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3408—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings
    • E04B1/3412—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings mainly supported by a central column or footing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34846—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of other specified material, e.g. of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34853—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/324—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with incisions or reliefs in the surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • B29C2045/14188—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure trimming the article in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C2045/1693—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles shaping the first molding material before injecting the second molding material, e.g. by cutting, folding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/002—Making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0019—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/022—Foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/06—Roofs, roof membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/541—Joints substantially without separate connecting elements, e.g. jointing by inter-engagement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6104—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the overlapping ends of the slabs connected together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1933—Struts specially adapted therefor of polygonal, e.g. square, cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1936—Winged profiles, e.g. with a L-, T-, U- or X-shaped cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2457—Beam to beam connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3258—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/748—Honeycomb materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/04—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of plastics, fibrous material or wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/06—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
    • E04B7/225—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material the slabs having non-structural supports for roofing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/50—Self-supporting slabs specially adapted for making floors ceilings, or roofs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
    • E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3455—Corrugated sheets with trapezoidal corrugations

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种夹层板，包括在其外表皮内的金属托梁。还公开了一种建筑模块，这种建筑模块是一种夹层板，其包括一第一区域、一第二区域和一第三区域，所述第一区域提供建筑物的屋顶结构部分，所述第二区域提供所述建筑物的墙壁结构部分，而所述第三区域提供所述建筑物的地板结构部分。所述夹层板和所述建筑模块可以连接在一起以建造建筑物。

Description

夹层板和建筑模块
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层板和建筑模块，它们可以连接在一起以建造建筑物。
背景技术
建筑业在提供经济适用房方面面临着许多独特的挑战。建筑预制领域试图解决其中的一些挑战。
可以在工厂建造预制住宅，然后将建好的预制住宅运输到施工现场。这种方式的优势是天气和建筑专业人士的出行不会成为影响建造过程的因素。一个缺点是，预制住宅的设计受到运输方式和通往施工现场的路线的限制，在新西兰，主要的交通方式是通过卡车运输，也有可能通过铁路运输。这些运输方式使得将要运输的负载物的宽度和高度受到了限制，其中长度限制受到车辆尺寸的限定。
这些限制通常通过以下两种方式中的其中一种来解决：将住宅设计为刚好可以装到一辆卡车上，这种住宅称为“小房子”，或者将建筑设计为多个模块，以便在现场将这些模块安装在一起。
预制住宅设计的一个优势是，如果新西兰建筑、创新和就业部(MBIE)批准该设计，他们将授予该设计的多重建筑许可。这意味着与多重同意文件相对应的建筑许可申请必须在10天内获得建筑许可管理局的批准。
在工厂使用传统组件(例如木架结构)制造的预制住宅设计可用作工厂制造的住宅，也可用作现场搭建用的套件。Nookhomes.co.nz提供这两种形式的可移动房屋。
使用传统木架机构的工厂预制完成的住宅使用大量组件，由此无论是在现场还是在工厂组装都要用到很多人力。运输组装的住宅会带来许多额外的挑战。
夹层板或结构隔热板(SIP)是一种三层结构；由低密度隔热材料(例如聚氨酯(PUR))制成的芯部和芯部每一侧的外表皮。因此，夹层板可以提供集成的结构和覆层系统。它们的强度和重量轻意味着它们可以跨越很远的距离，这使得它们特别适用于商业或工业建筑的墙壁和屋顶系统；它们在住宅建筑中的使用却较少。夹层板通常是扁平的和细长的，尽管弯曲的夹层板也可用于安装在弯曲的屋顶上。在使用中，细长形式的侧边缘固定到相邻面板的侧边缘。因此，面板的侧边缘通常设计有互补的轮廓以固定在一起，其中通常使用螺钉固定。
如本文所用，术语“夹层板”是指包括三层的结构；由低密度隔热材料制成的芯部和芯部每一侧的外表皮。
发明内容
第一大方面，本发明提供了一种夹层板，包括在其外表皮内的金属托梁。
在一个实施例中，所述夹层板包括热塑性表皮和隔热芯部，其中所述热塑性表皮优选为HDPE，所述隔热芯部包含隔热材料。
所述隔热材料可以是例如泡沫材料，优选聚氨酯泡沫或聚乙烯泡沫，或菌丝体复合材料，或另一种合适的隔热材料，或其组合。
在一个实施例中，所述隔热材料包括聚氨酯泡沫，包括利用碳捕获技术形成的聚氨酯泡沫，和/或聚乙烯泡沫，和/或由回收的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)形成的泡沫。
在一个实施例中，所述金属托梁是具有顶帽轮廓的钢托梁。
在一个实施例中，所述夹层板的表面具有肋状轮廓以容纳所述金属托梁。
在一个实施例中，所述金属托梁通过固定在所述金属托梁之间的横梁相互连接，所述横梁优选地为100mm的钢顶帽托梁铆钉，该钢顶帽托梁铆钉在600mm中心处固定在所述托梁上。
在一个实施例中，一侧边缘的轮廓与另一侧边缘的轮廓互补，使得两个相邻模块可以在没有固定件的情况下接合在一起，优选地，其中一个侧边缘包括一个唇缘，而另一侧边缘包括一个互补的顶部。
第二大方面，本发明提供了一种建筑模块，这种建筑模块是一种夹层板，其包括一第一区域、一第二区域和一第三区域，所述第一区域提供建筑物的屋顶结构部分，所述第二区域提供所述建筑物的墙壁结构部分，而所述第三区域提供所述建筑物的地板结构部分。
在一个实施例中，所述夹层板的所述第一区域和所述第三区域是如第一方面所述的夹层板。
在一个实施例中，所述第一区域和所述第三区域基本上是平面的，所述第二区域基本上弯曲成半圆形，使得所述建筑模块大致呈U形。
在一个实施例中，所述建筑模块具有狭槽和孔，所述狭槽从所述第三区域的末端向着所述第二区域延伸，以容纳金属支撑件，所述孔位于所述第二区域和所述第三区域的接合位置处，以容纳金属支撑件。
第三大方面，本发明提供了一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在旋转烘箱中形成由热塑性塑料制成的夹心板的表皮，并使热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
b.所述表皮凝固/固化后，将所述表皮脱模并去除所述夹层板的至少一端；
c.将所述金属托梁插入所述面板中；
d.用泡沫材料填充所述板并使泡沫材料硬化；或用接种了菌丝体的基质填充所述板，生长期之后干燥或加热所述菌丝体，形成菌丝体复合材料；
e.一旦所述泡沫材料硬化或形成所述菌丝体复合材料，将多余的泡沫材料或菌丝体复合材料切割成与切割的一个或多个面板末端齐平。
第四大方面，本发明提供了一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在旋转烘箱的模具中形成由热塑性塑料制成的夹心板的表皮，并使热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
b.所述表皮凝固/固化后，将所述表皮脱模并去除所述夹层板的至少一端；
c.将所述金属托梁插入所述板中，并在所述面板中插入泡沫形成的粉末；
d.将所述面板和移除的一个或多个端部放回所述模具中；关闭所述模具并在较低的热量下在所述烘箱中旋转所述模具，以将移除的一个或多个端部重新热粘合到所述面板上，以及使所述泡沫形成的粉末膨胀为所述热塑性塑料表皮内的泡沫。
在一个实施例中，在步骤b)中移除所述面板的两端。
第五大方面，本发明提供了一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在挤出模具中挤出由热塑性塑料制成的所述夹心板的表皮；
b.可选地，加热挤出件并围绕模板弯曲所述挤出件；
c.允许热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
d.将金属托梁插入所述面板中；
e.用泡沫材料填充所述面板并使泡沫材料硬化；或用接种了菌丝体的基质填充所述面板，生长期之后干燥或加热所述菌丝体，形成菌丝体复合材料；
f.一旦所述泡沫材料硬化或形成所述菌丝体复合材料，将多余的泡沫材料或菌丝体复合材料切割成与切割的一个或多个面板末端齐平。
在一个实施例中，所述方法还包括使用热焊接工艺用热塑性端板盖住所述面板，可选地，所述热塑性端板是在步骤b)中移除的端板。
在一个实施例中，所述泡沫材料是聚氨酯泡沫或聚乙烯泡沫。
第六大方面，本发明提供了一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.将金属托梁放置在所述夹层板表皮的模具内，所述金属托梁由许多合适的支撑件支撑并固定在适当的位置，所述合适的支撑件例如隔离塞或其他合适的间隔元件；
b.通过加入热塑性材料，在所述模具中成型所述夹层板的表皮，然后在旋转烘箱中旋转所述模具；
c.(i)使热塑性塑料凝固/固化，然后将其中带有金属托梁的表皮脱模，然后在所述面板上形成一个孔并用隔热材料填充所述面板；或者
(ii)使热塑性塑料凝固/固化，然后在所述热塑性塑料表皮仍是温热的时候，在所述面板上形成一个孔并用隔热材料填充所述面板，然后在低于所述热塑性塑料表皮的熔融温度的温度下，在所述烘箱内进一步旋转含有所述热塑性塑料表皮的所述模具，然后使所述夹层板脱模。
在一个实施例中，步骤c(ii)中的所述隔热材料是包含聚乙烯的泡沫形成粉末。
在一个实施例中，所述金属托梁通过固定在所述金属托梁之间的横梁相互连接，所述横梁优选地为100mm的钢顶帽托梁铆钉，该钢顶帽托梁铆钉在600mm中心处固定在所述托梁上。
在一个实施例中，所述夹层板包括第一区域、第二区域和第三区域，所述第一区域和所述第三区域基本上是平面的，所述第二区域基本上弯曲成半圆形，使得所述建筑模块大致呈U形。
在一个实施例中，所述U形面板竖直地竖立并且所述泡沫材料或基质从所述U形的顶部以受控的方式倒入，从而填充满夹层板的整个空腔，没有一点间隙。
第七大方面，本发明提供了一种由第二方面所述的多个模块来建造建筑物的方法，其中所述模块的一个侧边缘包括一个唇缘，所述模块的另一侧边缘包括互补的顶部，该方法包括：
a.将第一模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置；
b.将第二模块的唇缘与所述第一模块的互补顶部对齐，并将所述第二模块滑动到所述第一模块上；
c.可选地，将所述第二模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置；
d.将第三模块的唇缘与所述第二模块的互补顶部对齐，并将所述第三模块滑动到所述第二模块上；
e.重复步骤(c)和(d)，直到多个模块安装完毕；
f.将最后一个模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置。
在一个实施例中，每个第二模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置。
在一个实施例中，建筑模块包括基本上平坦的第一区域和第三区域，并且第二区域基本上弯曲成半圆形，使得建筑模块大致呈U形，并且所述建筑模块具有狭槽和孔，所述狭槽从所述第三区域的末端向着所述第二区域延伸，以容纳金属支撑件，所述孔位于所述第二区域和所述第三区域的接合位置处，以容纳金属支撑件，将所述模块固定到地面的方法包括，将螺旋桩插入地面的适当位置，该位置与固定到地面的每个模块的狭槽的末端相对应，从而形成第一排螺旋桩；将螺旋桩插入地面的适当位置，该位置与固定到地面的每个模块的孔相对应，从而形成第二排螺旋桩。
在一个实施例中，该方法还包括将承载梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将另一个承载梁固定到所述第二排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上。
在一个实施例中，该方法还包括在步骤(a)之前，将柱安装到所述第一排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的所述柱的顶部。
在一个实施例中，该方法还包括在步骤(f)之后，将柱安装到所述第二排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的所述柱的顶部。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的两个优选实施例的夹层板的横截面图。
图2A示出了根据本发明一个优选实施例的建筑模块的立体图。
图2B示出了根据本发明另一优选实施例的建筑模块的立体图。
图3示出了包括图2B中的建筑模块的建筑结构系统的平面图。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的一系列建筑模块的平面图。
图5示出了图3中所示的建筑结构系统的正视图。
图6示出了由图2A或2B的建筑模块建造的建筑物的立体图。
图7示出了如图3所示的建筑物的示例性平面图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图描述本发明的优选实施例。
夹层板
图1示出了夹层板100和200的横截面图。虽然夹层板100、200的宽度W分别为2175mm和2000mm，但是本领域技术人员将理解可以选择其他宽度。夹层板100、200的深度D如图1所示，并且在该示例中约为260mm。虽然夹层板100、200的长度L未在图1的横截面图中示出，但本领域技术人员将理解，夹层板通常用作简易支撑梁，有时用作悬臂梁，并且将理解可以应用已知的梁设计原理来参考给定长度L确定夹层板所需的深度D，反之亦然。
夹层板具有芯部110、210和热塑性表皮120、220。轻质芯部包括隔热芯部，该隔热芯部包括为面板提供刚性的泡沫材料。这可以是例如聚氨酯泡沫，包括利用碳捕获技术形成的聚氨酯泡沫，或者聚乙烯泡沫，或者由回收的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)形成的泡沫。在其他实施例中，轻质芯部可以包括一种材料，诸如菌丝体复合材料。菌丝体复合材料是通过在木片、农业副产品、羊毛或绒线等基材上生长菌丝体孢子而形成的。
热塑性表皮的优选材料是聚乙烯，例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。热塑性塑料具有许多优点，包括可将其轻松塑造成简单或复杂的形状，并且可以热焊接在一起。在该示例中，热塑性表皮120、220的厚度约为5mm。如本领域技术人员所知，形成热塑性表皮的方法有很多种，包括但不限于滚塑成型、挤出和真空成型。有利地，如本领域已知的，可以将阻燃添加剂添加到热塑性表皮中。
在本领域已知的夹层板中，板的侧边缘通常设计有互补轮廓以固定在一起，通常采用螺钉固定。本发明的夹层板包括唇缘126/226，其装配在相邻夹层板的顶部127/227上。
夹层板100、200包括钢托梁130、230。在这些示例中，钢托梁130、230具有称为MSTophat的轮廓，通常是倒V形，具有平坦的顶部和底部具有突出凸缘，可以接收固定件(图1)。在图1所示的实施例中，钢托梁130的深度为150mm。合适的钢托梁可从MetalcraftRoofing和Steel and Tube Holdings Ltd等供应商处获得。使用商用钢托梁的一个优点是跨度表是已经可用。
热塑性表皮120、220的一侧具有肋状轮廓122、222以容纳钢托梁130、230。热塑性表皮的另一侧具有平坦轮廓124、224。夹层板100、200中的钢托梁的间距J分别为290mm中心和400mm中心，但本领域技术人员将理解其他间距也是可能的。在优选实施例中，钢托梁具有在托梁上方600mm中心处铆接固定的横梁(图1中未示出)。这确保钢托梁在图1所示的位置牢固地插入槽中。横梁可以是例如100mm的钢顶帽托梁。
肋状轮廓122、222可以称为深肋状轮廓，其中肋的深度是面板深度D的至少一半(即D2≤0.5D)。在所示的实施例中，D2是103mm并且D是260mm。
虽然嵌件130、230由钢形成，但是预期也可使用铝托梁。钢和铝的高强度-重量比使这些材料特别适合形成托梁。本领域技术人员将理解托梁不需要具有MS Tophat轮廓，而是可以是允许它们用作梁的任何形状，包括例如开口腹板钢托梁和矩形空心型钢。类似地，无需在热塑性表皮中提供肋状轮廓以容纳钢托梁。如下所述，与托梁130、230的轮廓相匹配的肋状轮廓在形成本发明的夹层板或建筑模块方面提供了优势。
本发明的夹层板一旦形成，便会被热塑性表皮包封住，这使得板具有防风雨和耐久性的性能。金属/钢托梁结合使用泡沫材料，使热塑性表皮面板具有更大的刚度，使面板能够在支撑件之间跨越更大的长度。
建筑模块
参考图2A，示出了作为夹层板的建筑模块10。建筑物模块10包括一第一区域11、一第二区域12和一第三区域13，所述第一区域11提供建筑物的屋顶结构部分，所述第二区域12提供所述建筑物的墙壁结构部分，而所述第三区域13提供所述建筑物的地板结构部分。
出于功能的考虑，人们通常希望建筑模块的地板区域是平坦的。虽然优选实施例有利地具有倾斜3度的屋顶区域以允许雨水径流，同时还具有弯曲的墙壁区域，如本文进一步讨论的，其他布置也是可以预期的。
在该示例中，区域11和13具有夹层板200的结构，包括钢托梁和包含如图1所示的泡沫材料的隔热芯部，外表皮的肋状轮廓，内表皮的平坦轮廓和唇缘226(图2)，唇缘226适配安装在相邻建筑模块的顶部227上。区域12包括热塑性表皮，热塑性表皮具有与区域11/13对应的横截面，但是仅填充有泡沫材料。弯曲壁区域12是非承重的，因此没有钢托梁。
图2B示出了另一种建筑模块20，大体对应于建筑模块10，包括第一区域11、第二区域12和第三区域13。建筑模块20还包括区域13中的狭槽21，和区域12和13的交接处的孔22。下面参考建造建筑物的优选方式来描述狭槽21和孔22的用途。每个模块20内的钢托梁平行于每个面板中的狭槽和孔延伸，且在每个面板中的狭槽和孔的两侧。每个模块内的横梁在被狭槽21中断时，将不会跨过整个面板。
在所示的实施例中，建筑模块10和20的宽度W为2000mm，但应当理解，可以使用其他宽度。
可以将多个建筑模块装配在一起以提供所需长度L的建筑物的地板、墙壁和屋顶结构、覆层和隔热，该长度L是建筑模块宽度W的倍数。下面将详细介绍一种用建筑模块20建造建筑物的方法。
夹层板及建筑模块成型方法
夹层板100、200的热塑性表层或建筑模块10或20可以通过旋转模制形成。这涉及在旋转烘箱中由热塑性塑料形成夹层板的表皮。这将产生完全封闭的中空表皮120、220。
滚塑成型烘箱可用于制造较大的物品，例如储存容器、水箱和游乐场设备。本发明的建筑模块可以在大型旋转烘箱中一体成型。在优选实施例中，建筑模块10的长度约为7米，高度约为3米。可从例如新西兰公司Galloway International处买到合适的烘箱。
表皮一旦凝固/固化，就可以脱模。要将钢托梁插入夹层板中，需要将板的一端切掉，然后将托梁滑入到位。在夹层板是建筑模块10的情况下，建筑模块的屋顶区域11和地板区域13的端部被切掉，然后托梁可以在区域11和13中滑动到位。如上所述，在优选实施例中，钢托梁使用横梁相互固定，横梁例如为100mm的钢顶帽托梁铆钉，该钢顶帽托梁铆钉在600mm中心处以规则间距固定在托梁上方，确保钢托梁牢牢位于槽中。
一旦插入钢托梁，就用泡沫材料将板填满，在一个优选实施例中，泡沫材料为聚氨酯泡沫，确保夹层板的整个空腔被填满。对于本发明的U形建筑模块而言，可以通过将板的区域11和13定向成向上，然后倒入或注入泡沫材料来实现上述这一点。一旦泡沫材料硬化，多余的材料就被切割成与切割的面板端齐平。然后可以通过热焊接密封面板的端部，使用之前移除的面板端部，或使用定制的封盖，然后使用定制的加热板进行热封以熔化切割端并重新密封。
在使用菌丝体复合材料的实施例中，替代将泡沫材料倒入或注入面板中的是，可以用菌丝体孢子接种基材，然后将其插入热塑性表皮内。经过一段时间的生长，菌丝体可以被干燥或加热以形成菌丝体复合材料。形成热塑性表皮的另一种方法是挤出。可以通过模具挤出整个表皮120、220以提供所需的表皮轮廓，或者可以通过挤出形成表皮的多个分开部分，例如带肋的侧面222和平坦的侧面224，然后可以将它们焊接在一起。然后可以像在滚塑成型工艺中那样插入托梁并密封端部。为了形成建筑模块10或20，挤出件必须在处于塑性状态时就被弯曲或包裹在模具周围。
本领域技术人员将理解，夹层板100、200可用于形成屋顶、地板或墙壁。虽然带肋型材形成建筑模块10或20的外部，但具有图1所示横截面的平面夹层板可以与面向建筑物内部或外部的带肋型材一起使用。
形成夹层板和建筑模块的替代方法
滚塑工艺可用于形成夹层板和建筑模块，其中钢托梁已经放置在热塑性表皮内。这可以通过将钢托梁放置在用于夹层板表皮的模具内且由多个合适的支撑件支撑并保持就位来实现，合适的支撑件例如隔离塞或其他合适的间隔元件。
然后，通过添加热塑性材料，在旋转烘箱中旋转模具并使热塑性塑料凝固/固化，可以在所述模具中形成夹层板的表皮。一旦表皮凝固/固化，就可以使带有钢托梁的热塑性表皮脱模。然后可以通过在夹层板中形成孔，从而用隔热材料填充夹层板。
在一些实施例中，隔热泡沫由粉末形成，在热塑性表皮仍然是温热的情况下，即在其刚在旋转烘箱中形成之后，粉末就会被插入到热塑性表层中。例如通过钻孔的形式在热塑性表皮中形成一个或多个孔，然后将粉末插入。粉末插入后，再将钻孔形成的孔堵住。然后在低于热塑性表层熔化温度的温度条件下，在烘箱内进一步旋转包含热塑性表皮的模具。粉末在模具内膨胀成泡沫并粘附在热塑性表皮上。待夹层板冷却后，将其从模具中取出，作为一个没有接缝的整体件。在特别优选的实施例中，热塑性表皮由HDPE形成并且粉末是聚乙烯粉末。
这种方法的优点是不需要移除模具的末端来插入钢托梁，然后再将末端重新密封到模具上。此外，在使用HDPE表皮和聚乙烯粉末的实施例中，各个聚合物之间的粘附力得到增强。如此形成的夹层板/建筑模块是无缝的并且具有光滑的表面，且生产过程简单。由于采用滚塑成型工艺，这种方法会导致一些热塑性材料粘附在模具内的钢托梁上，预计这会导致每个夹层板/建筑模块中需要用到更多的热塑性材料。
使用建筑模块建造建筑的方法
本领域技术人员将理解，本发明的建筑模块可以以多种方式彼此连接并固定到地面以建造建筑物。一种优选的方法描述如下。
在优选实施例中，使用螺旋桩系统。例如Katana Foundations(NZ)处就可买到由钢形成的螺旋桩。螺旋桩的优点在于易于定位和快速安装。它们也不需要混凝土浇筑，适用于新西兰各地的深层到软土条件。螺旋桩可被移除，从而可以在生命快结束时，将提议的建筑换个位置或重新回收使用。在该示例的方法中，螺旋桩以网格布置安装在地面中，并且每个螺旋桩将支撑钢柱P。螺旋桩延伸部可以连接到地面上方的螺旋桩的顶部。如本文所用，术语“螺旋桩”是指具有或不具有螺旋桩延伸部的螺旋桩。
该示例的方法使用建筑模块20，如下文进一步描述的，建筑模块20彼此滑动。狭槽21和孔22在施工方法中是有用的，但是一旦建筑结构体系已经竖立起来，所有狭槽和所有未使用的孔22都填充有适当形状的模制嵌件以配合狭槽21和孔22。
图3和4示出了钢柱P在位置P1、P2等处的网格布置。狭槽21和孔22(图3中未示出；图4中示出)容纳钢柱P。柱P布置成平行的两排R和S(图4)。R排柱和S排柱之间的间距为2W，R排柱与S排柱之间的距离为X(图3)。在所示的实施例中，X是4300mm。
虽然图3和4示出了由七个建筑模块20形成的建筑的平面图，但是应当理解，可以根据这种方法使用任何数量的建筑模块20来形成建筑。
如图4所示，每个建筑模块20包括从区域13的末端延伸到R排的期望位置的狭槽21，以及在S排的期望位置处的孔22。孔22和建筑模块20的外围之间的距离X2应该足以将孔22定位在底部区域13而不是弯曲的壁区域12中。在所示示例中，距离X2约为1650mm并且通常对应于弯曲的壁区域12的半径。
图5示出了根据本发明的用于建筑物的结构体系的示意性正视图。在该图中，标称位置G表示地线，折线Rb表示螺旋桩R离地的比例是不确定的。相邻的螺旋桩可以根据需要通过交叉支撑耦接在地面上方。
一般情况下，每根螺旋桩的轴的顶部都可以焊接一个方形的驱动头。这使得易于安装螺旋桩，同时使得螺旋桩的轴通过轴环连接到上部的柱或螺旋桩延伸部，如图5中的Rc所示。轴环有利地包括板或焊接到其内壁的方形螺母，以将轴环固定在方形的驱动头上。如本领域中已知的，轴环还可以包括用于诸如M12螺栓之类的固定孔以刺穿桩轴和/或柱。
为了建造这座建筑，两排R和S的螺旋桩以任何顺序安装，其间距与建筑模块的宽度W相关。在所示的实施例中，间距2W是建筑模块宽度W的两倍，并且仅每隔一个建筑模块被固定到螺旋桩上(图5)。间距也可以是例如等于建筑模块的宽度W，在这种情况下，每个建筑模块将被固定到螺旋桩或本领域技术人员将理解的另一种布置。
两排R、S之间的距离对应于孔22与建筑模块20上的狭槽21末端之间的距离。
一旦安装了每一排R和S，柱P可以固定到R排中的螺旋桩，并且承载梁23可以分别固定到R排和S排，其高度设置为支撑建筑模块的地板区域11。这些步骤可以按任何顺序进行，前提是还没有将柱P固定到S排。必须将承载梁固定到S排的螺旋桩上，但承载梁23可以固定到R排(即轴环Rc下方)的螺旋桩，或R排中的柱P(即轴环Rc上方，如图5所示)。
承载梁23可以使用本领域已知的方法分别固定在R排和S排上。承载梁可以是任何合适的材料和型材；优选的材料是热浸镀锌钢，优选为平行法兰槽(PFC)型材，这种型材耐腐蚀，并且R排的那些可以例如使用夹板和螺栓25(如图5所示)固定到柱P)。
在该示例中，每个柱P是89SHS，并通过由100SHS形成的轴环连接到螺旋桩上，该螺旋桩具有圆形空心截面(CHS)和与柱P宽度相当的方形驱动头。然而，柱P可以是任何所需的形状，包括例如CHS柱。
一旦使用本领域已知的方法，将柱P沿R排安装，将梁26沿排R固定到柱P的顶部，以支撑屋顶区域11(图5)。在这个示例中，固定装置是通过夹板和螺栓27。相应的框架将沿着S排建造，但尚未建造。因此，在这个示例中，沿R排安装了整个框架(顶部梁26和承载梁23)，并且在将模块固定到框架之前，将承载梁23安装到S排。
接着，第一建筑模块20的狭槽21滑到R排的第一柱P1上，使得孔22与S排的螺旋桩P2对准(图3)。然后可以用HDPE模制嵌件堵住第一建筑模块的狭槽21。在所有建筑模块20均到位时或之后，S排中的柱P2然后可以通过孔22安装到螺旋桩P2。
模制嵌件可以以合适的形状提供以配合狭槽21和孔22的形状，并且也可以通过滚塑成型工艺形成。在这个示例中，模制嵌件也填充了PUR泡沫以提高刚度。一旦模块安装在框架上，它们就可以热焊接到位。
然后第二模块的唇缘与第一模块的互补顶部对齐，然后第二建筑模块滑动到第一建筑模块上。在所示的实施例中，第二建筑模块20没有安装到螺旋桩上；它通过摩擦配合固定在第一模块上。这意味着第二建筑模块20的狭槽21和孔22将不发挥功能，并且可以用HDPE模制嵌件塞住。
或者，可以设置为每隔一个建筑模块没有狭槽21和孔22。为每个建筑模块提供狭槽21和孔22的优点是只需要一个模具，便可形成建筑模块，并且在安装过程中提供了灵活性。
应当理解，在替代实施例中，每个建筑模块将具有一对互补的螺旋桩，并且每个狭槽21和孔22将接收柱P。
在该示例中，狭槽21的长度约为1m。因此，一旦安装完成，每个模块的地板区域将超出网格线R1m(图4)。可选的，不需要通过这种方式来高出地板区域，而是可以替换每个狭槽21内的附加钢梁来承载区域13末端下方的钢端梁(未示出)。有利的，栏杆可以固定在这种附加的钢端梁上。
如上所述，一旦每个建筑模块沿R排安装在框架上，柱P2、P4等就可以通过孔22安装到螺旋桩P2、P4等上面。当S排中的所有柱都就位时，然后可以使用本领域已知的方法将第二梁(未示出)固定到第二排柱P2、P4等的顶部，以提供沿S排的第二框架并支撑屋顶区域11。
柱P和梁的尺寸可以通过本领域已知的方法计算，参考梁所需的跨度和所用材料，以及梁/柱承受的载荷。本发明的建筑模块坚固且重量轻。对于卸载的建筑模块20，预计89mm宽的柱就足够了。这没有考虑雪荷载；还设想本发明将允许具有绿色屋顶的建筑物，这增加了结构框架上的负载。可以使用已知方法计算在这种情况下柱P和屋顶梁需要增加多少尺寸。孔22和狭槽21的宽度由柱P的宽度控制；例如，孔22的直径为120mm以容纳89mm宽度的钢柱。
屋顶区域11和地板区域13可以通过将螺钉固定到面板内的钢托梁中而固定到相应的梁上。
虽然图3和4以及相关文字描述了用于将建筑模块固定到地面的优选方法，但是应当理解，在建筑模块的地板区域中设置孔的一般方法可以适用于容纳任何基础系统。
完成的建筑物
在通过上述方法形成建筑物的外壳后，建筑物外壳的开口侧可以设置铝细木工制品，例如双层玻璃推拉门和窗，或设置其他隔断墙系统。图6示出了这种建筑物的立体图。细木工制品可以使用螺栓连接和/或热焊接技术固定到区域11、13。可以使用类似的螺栓连接和/或热焊技术将隔断墙构建到建筑物的内部。图7示出了一个示例性的单卧室平面图，显示了隔断墙；本领域技术人员将理解，可以出现许多变化。
所示实施例中的热塑性塑料、HDPE的表面是耐用的并且不需要涂漆或其他表面处理，并且如上所述，如果需要，可以接受绿色屋顶系统。热塑性塑料的内表面提供了地板表面和外甲板。这可以提供成品地板表面，或者可选地，可以使用另一地板系统在热塑性塑料的顶部设置成品地板表面。
应当理解，如果在本文中引用任何现有技术专利公开，则此类引用并不是承认这种专利公开形成新西兰或任何其它国家中本领域公知常识的一部分。
在随后的权利要求和本发明的前述描述中，除非上下文由于表达的语言或必要的暗示而另有要求，否则“包含”一词或诸如“包括”等变体以包容的意义使用，即指定所述特征的存在但不排除本发明的各种实施例中存在或添加其他特征。

Claims (29)

1.一种夹层板，包括在其外表皮内的金属托梁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述夹层板包括热塑性表皮和隔热芯部，其中所述热塑性表皮优选为HDPE，所述隔热芯部包含隔热材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述隔热材料是包括聚氨酯泡沫的泡沫材料；利用碳捕获技术形成的聚氨酯泡沫；聚乙烯泡沫；和/或由回收的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)形成的泡沫。
4.根据权利要求2所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述隔热材料包括菌丝体复合材料。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述金属托梁是具有顶帽轮廓的钢托梁。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述夹层板的表面具有肋状轮廓以容纳所述金属托梁。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的夹层板，其特征在于，所述金属托梁通过固定在所述金属托梁之间的横梁相互连接，所述横梁优选地为100mm的钢顶帽托梁铆钉，该钢顶帽托梁铆钉在600mm中心处固定在所述托梁上。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的夹层板，其特征在于，一侧边缘的轮廓与另一侧边缘的轮廓互补，使得两个相邻的夹层板可以在没有固定件的情况下接合在一起，优选地，其中一个侧边缘包括一个唇缘，而另一侧边缘包括一个互补的顶部。
9.一种建筑模块，这种建筑模块是一种夹层板，其包括一第一区域、一第二区域和一第三区域，所述第一区域提供建筑物的屋顶结构部分，所述第二区域提供所述建筑物的墙壁结构部分，而所述第三区域提供所述建筑物的地板结构部分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的建筑模块，其特征在于，所述夹层板的所述第一区域和所述第三区域是如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的夹层板。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的建筑模块，其特征在于，所述第一区域和所述第三区域基本上是平面的，所述第二区域基本上弯曲成半圆形，使得所述建筑模块大致呈U形。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的建筑模块，其特征在于，所述建筑模块具有狭槽和孔，所述狭槽从所述第三区域的末端向着所述第二区域延伸，以容纳金属支撑件，所述孔位于所述第二区域和所述第三区域的接合位置处，以容纳金属支撑件。
13.一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在旋转烘箱中形成由热塑性塑料制成的夹心板的表皮，并使热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
b.所述表皮凝固/固化后，将所述表皮脱模并去除所述夹层板的至少一端；
c.将所述金属托梁插入所述面板中；
d.用泡沫材料填充所述板并使泡沫材料硬化；或用接种了菌丝体的基质填充所述板，生长期之后干燥或加热所述菌丝体，形成菌丝体复合材料。
e.一旦所述泡沫材料硬化或形成所述菌丝体复合材料，将多余的泡沫材料或菌丝体复合材料切割成与切割的一个或多个面板末端齐平。
14.一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在旋转烘箱中形成由热塑性塑料制成的夹心板的表皮，并使热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
b.所述表皮凝固/固化后，将所述表皮脱模并去除所述夹层板的至少一端；
c.将所述金属托梁插入所述板中，并在所述面板中插入泡沫形成粉末；
d.将所述面板和移除的一个或多个端部放回所述模具中；关闭所述模具并在较低的热量下在所述烘箱中旋转所述模具，以将移除的一个或多个端部重新热粘合到所述面板上，以及使所述泡沫形成粉末膨胀为所述热塑性塑料表皮内的泡沫。
15.根据权利要求13至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤b)中移除所述面板的两端。
16.一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.在挤出模具中挤出由热塑性塑料制成的所述夹心板的表皮；
b.可选地，加热挤处件并围绕模板弯曲所述挤出件；
c.允许热塑性塑料凝固/固化；
d.将金属托梁插入所述面板中；
e.用泡沫材料填充所述面板并使泡沫材料硬化；或用接种了菌丝体的基质填充所述面板，生长期之后干燥或加热所述菌丝体，形成菌丝体复合材料；
f.一旦所述泡沫材料硬化或形成所述菌丝体复合材料，将多余的泡沫材料或菌丝体复合材料切割成与切割的一个或多个面板末端齐平。
17.分别根据权利要求13-16中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括使用热焊接工艺用热塑性端板盖住所述面板，可选地，所述热塑性端板是在如权利要求13或14所述的步骤b)中移除的端板。
18.根据权利要求13至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述泡沫材料是聚氨酯泡沫或聚乙烯泡沫。
19.一种构造夹层板的方法，包括：
a.将金属托梁放置在所述夹层板表皮的模具内，所述金属托梁由许多合适的支撑件支撑并固定在适当的位置，其中所述合适的支撑件例如隔离塞或其他合适的间隔元件；
b.通过加入热塑性材料，在所述模具中成型所述夹层板的表皮，然后在旋转烘箱中旋转所述模具；
c.(i)使热塑性塑料凝固/固化，然后将其中带有金属托梁的表皮脱模，然后在所述面板上形成一个孔并用隔热材料填充所述面板；或者
(ii)使热塑性塑料凝固/固化，然后在所述热塑性塑料表皮仍是温热的时候，在所述面板上形成一个孔并用隔热材料填充所述面板，然后在低于所述热塑性塑料表皮的熔融温度的温度下，在所述烘箱内进一步旋转含有所述热塑性塑料表皮的所述模具，然后使所述夹层板脱模。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤c(ii)中的所述隔热材料是包含聚乙烯的泡沫形成粉末。
21.根据权利要求13至20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属托梁通过固定在所述金属托梁之间的横梁相互连接，所述横梁优选地为100mm的钢顶帽托梁铆钉，该钢顶帽托梁铆钉在600mm中心处固定在所述托梁上。
22.根据权利要求13至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述夹层板包括第一区域、第二区域和第三区域，所述第一区域和所述第三区域基本上是平面的，所述第二区域基本上弯曲成半圆形，使得所述建筑模块大致呈U形。
23.根据从属于权利要求13或权利要求16时的权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，在如权利要求13所述的步骤d)或如权利要求16所述的步骤e)中，所述U形面板竖直竖立并且所述泡沫材料或基质从所述U形的顶部以受控的方式倒入，从而填充满夹层板的整个空腔，没有一点间隙。
24.一种由如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的多个模块来建造建筑物的方法，其特征在于，所述模块的一个侧边缘包括一个唇缘，所述模块的另一侧边缘包括互补的顶部，该方法包括：
a.将第一模块固定在地面的适当位置；
b.将第二模块的唇缘与所述第一模块的互补顶部对齐，并将所述第二模块滑动到所述第一模块上；
c.可选地，将所述第二模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置；
d.将第三模块的唇缘与所述第二模块的互补顶部对齐，并将所述第三模块滑动到所述第二模块上；
e.重复步骤(c)和(d)，直到多个模块安装完毕；
f.将最后一个模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，每隔一个模块固定在相对于地面的适当位置。
26.根据权利要求24或25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述建筑模块是如权利要求12所述的建筑模块，并且将所述模块固定到地面的方法包括，将螺旋桩插入地面的适当位置，该位置与固定到地面的每个模块的狭槽的末端相对应，从而形成第一排螺旋桩；将螺旋桩插入地面的适当位置，该位置与固定到地面的每个模块的孔相对应，从而形成第二排螺旋桩。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将承载梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将另一个承载梁固定到所述第二排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上。
28.根据权利要求26或27所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在步骤(a)之前，将柱安装到所述第一排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的所述柱的顶部。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在步骤(f)之后，将柱安装到所述第二排螺旋桩中的每个螺旋桩上，并且将梁固定到所述第一排螺旋桩中的所述柱的顶部。
CN202110744925.7A 2020-07-15 2021-06-30 夹层板和建筑模块 Pending CN113944234A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ766265 2020-07-15
NZ766265A NZ766265B2 (en) 2020-07-15 Sandwich panel and building module

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113944234A true CN113944234A (zh) 2022-01-18

Family

ID=79293310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110744925.7A Pending CN113944234A (zh) 2020-07-15 2021-06-30 夹层板和建筑模块

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11713573B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3971356A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN113944234A (zh)
AU (2) AU2020239680B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA3124217A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023070174A1 (en) * 2021-11-01 2023-05-04 New Building Solutions Pty Ltd Building material
CN115306046B (zh) * 2022-08-18 2023-07-18 昭弗建筑科技(上海)有限公司 连接牢固的保温体系及其施工方法

Family Cites Families (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3690987A (en) * 1968-04-12 1972-09-12 Robertson Co H H Method of making an insulated building panel unit
GB1298570A (en) * 1968-12-30 1972-12-06 Reynald Baddeley Richards Building structure and method of manufacture
US3807105A (en) * 1971-05-10 1974-04-30 Rudkin Wiley Corp Modular building units
US3769766A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-11-06 Mhi Inc Building structures
US3778528A (en) * 1972-04-27 1973-12-11 I Kushner Modular building unit and method for making same
US4073105A (en) 1972-11-29 1978-02-14 Daugherty Charles R Temporary structure
CH589188A5 (zh) 1975-06-20 1977-06-30 Sempiran Patentverwert
FR2509223A1 (fr) 1981-07-09 1983-01-14 Joris Jozef Panneau sandwich, procede pour sa fabrication et installation utilisee dans ce but
US5224315A (en) 1987-04-27 1993-07-06 Winter Amos G Iv Prefabricated building panel having an insect and fungicide deterrent therein
DE3870043D1 (de) 1987-06-19 1992-05-21 Giat Ind Sa Leichte sandwichplatte verwendbar zur herstellung von waerme- und stossbestaendigen mehrschichtigen strukturen.
GB9111887D0 (en) * 1991-06-03 1991-07-24 Klein Andre Improvements in composite structures
US6233892B1 (en) * 1997-10-25 2001-05-22 The Namlyt Company Structural panel system
US6799403B2 (en) 2000-05-06 2004-10-05 Teresa G. Winter Deep-ribbed, load-bearing, prefabricated insulative panel and method for joining
US20080000176A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-01-03 Barry Mandelzys Insulated panel system
AU2008244738B2 (en) 2007-04-30 2011-07-21 Charles Caulder Bree Rotationally moulded products and moulds
AU2009297185B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2016-04-28 Charles Caulder Bree Moulded, modular building
US10400451B2 (en) * 2009-10-16 2019-09-03 Donal Curtin Composite panel
US9273462B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-03-01 Iframe Building Solutions, Llc System and method of manufacture for building panels
WO2013167774A1 (es) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-14 Garcia Beltran Juan Francisco Sistema de forjado y estructuras en seco
EP2872705A4 (en) * 2012-07-16 2016-03-09 Charles Caulder Bree TRIED BLOCKS AND TILES FOR BUILDINGS
US9027286B2 (en) * 2012-11-14 2015-05-12 Tim Alan Lane Retrofit roof system for corrugated and low profile ribbed metal roof panels and clip therefor
WO2016174614A1 (es) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Sistema constructivo modular prefabricado
EP3088628B1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2019-06-19 Medacciai S.r.l. Multilayer insulated panel for flat and curved roofs construction
CA2937630C (en) * 2016-04-22 2018-09-11 Rickey Graham Prefabricated structural building panel
CN106988340B (zh) 2017-03-30 2019-01-22 中铁六局集团有限公司 对现浇混凝土底板中预留钢筋精确定位、安装的施工方法
DK179720B1 (en) 2017-08-16 2019-04-11 Jupiter Bach A/S A method of manufacturing composite laminate panel sub-elements for a modular assembly structure, a method of assembling the sub-elements, and a structure assembled of the panel sub-elements
US20200354946A1 (en) * 2017-08-24 2020-11-12 Concrete Homes Limited Modular Building System
KR20190025293A (ko) 2017-09-01 2019-03-11 이희용 이동식 건축물 및 그 시공방법
PL3740628T3 (pl) * 2018-01-19 2022-04-19 Rockwool International A/S Panel do konstrukcji budowlanej mający wcześniej określoną krzywiznę i sposób wytwarzania takiego panelu
WO2019239435A1 (en) 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Mirfallah Lialestani Seyed Mohammadhossein Prefabricated polyethylene sandwich block and panel
NZ745100A (en) 2018-08-08 2019-11-29 Charles Caulder Bree A method of forming a building
US11619039B2 (en) * 2020-03-05 2023-04-04 Mighty Buildings, Inc. Three-dimensional printed building components and structures
CA3082154A1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-06 United States Gypsum Company Composite structure including a structural panel and a metal support

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2023201796A1 (en) 2023-04-27
CA3124217A1 (en) 2022-01-15
AU2020239680A1 (en) 2022-02-03
AU2020239680B2 (en) 2023-04-06
NZ766265A (en) 2022-03-25
EP3971356A1 (en) 2022-03-23
US20220018129A1 (en) 2022-01-20
US11713573B2 (en) 2023-08-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6178714B1 (en) Modular temporary building
US9151053B2 (en) Modular building panel with frame
US6729094B1 (en) Pre-fabricated building panels and method of manufacturing
US4674250A (en) Modular building panel
CA2110398C (en) Sheet metal structural member, construction panel and method of construction
US9157233B2 (en) System for forming an insulated concrete thermal mass wall
US4530194A (en) Bracket
US4813193A (en) Modular building panel
US4641468A (en) Panel structure and building structure made therefrom
US20140090321A1 (en) Modular building system utilizing composite, foam core panels
US20080313991A1 (en) Process for making insulated concrete tilt-up walls and resultant product
US20120031031A1 (en) Modular building block building system
US20140115988A1 (en) Prefabricated Wall Assembly Having An Insulating Foam Layer
KR20010110777A (ko) 단열벽 구조물 및 거푸집 조립체 및 단열벽 구조물 제조방법
US20110047908A1 (en) High-strength insulated building panel with internal stud members
AU2023201796A1 (en) Sandwich Panel and Building Module
US20100107536A1 (en) Thermo tech mark ii limited
AU2011245065A1 (en) System for forming an insulated concrete thermal mass wall
US20120011798A1 (en) Building system and components therefor
WO2017100772A1 (en) Track and panel building system
US20230294369A1 (en) Sandwich panel and building module
AU2021221635A1 (en) Sandwich panel and building module
GB2502659A (en) Partially prefabricated building method
NZ766265B2 (en) Sandwich panel and building module
WO2013037027A1 (pt) Processo de fabricação de peças padronizadas plásticas, peças resultantes e montagem de casas pré-fabricadas

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination