CN113940325B - Monitoring trapping device for locust and monitoring system comprising monitoring device - Google Patents
Monitoring trapping device for locust and monitoring system comprising monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113940325B CN113940325B CN202111208384.2A CN202111208384A CN113940325B CN 113940325 B CN113940325 B CN 113940325B CN 202111208384 A CN202111208384 A CN 202111208384A CN 113940325 B CN113940325 B CN 113940325B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N31/14—Ethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/012—Flying insects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring trapping device for locusts and a monitoring system comprising the same, wherein the monitoring trapping device for the locusts comprises a trapping barrel, a locust collecting funnel and a collecting barrel from top to bottom, the top of the trapping barrel is provided with an opening, a rotatable trapping plate is arranged in the trapping barrel, and baits are distributed on the trapping plate and used for attracting the locusts and dropping the locusts into the locust collecting funnel; the diameter of the upper part of the insect collecting funnel is larger than that of the lower part of the insect collecting funnel, the top of the insect collecting funnel is connected with the bottom end of the trapping barrel, and the bottom of the insect collecting funnel extends into the collecting barrel; the water is filled in the collecting barrel and is used for drowning the locusts falling into the collecting barrel; the collecting barrel is buried underground, and parts above the collecting barrel are exposed on the ground.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of locust trapping equipment, and particularly relates to a monitoring trapping device for locust and a monitoring system comprising the same.
Background
With the development and progress of agricultural modernization technology, the efficient and environment-friendly treatment method of agricultural diseases and insect pests is gradually becoming a new subject for technicians in the field. Among a plurality of agricultural pests, the locust is a kind of pest which has great harm to crops and is difficult to control. The locusts are more than 10000 species all over the world, more than 1000 species exist in China, the locusts mainly comprise migratory locusts and migratory locusts, and the migratory locusts in China include east Asian migratory locusts, asian migratory locusts and Tibet migratory locusts, wherein the east Asian migratory locusts are the most widely distributed and the most serious harm in China, and are the most main migratory locusts species causing locusts in China and the main harm to gramineous plants.
The implementation of effective control measures for the locust depends on timely and accurate monitoring and early warning. At present, the treatment of the locust is still in the initial stage of simple trapping and manual counting, a professional trapper for the locust, particularly the migratory locust, is lacked, and the monitoring method for the locust is relatively original. How to trap the locust with high efficiency, accurately grasp the diffusion, distribution and occurrence dynamics of the insect pests, discover new disasters in time and standardize the monitoring work of the locust is a problem faced by technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a monitoring and trapping device for locusts and a monitoring system comprising the same. On the first aspect, the monitoring and trapping device for the locust comprises a trapping barrel, a locust collecting funnel and a collecting barrel from top to bottom, wherein the top of the trapping barrel is provided with an opening, a rotatable trapping plate is arranged inside the trapping barrel, and bait is distributed on the trapping plate and used for attracting the locust and dropping the locust into the locust collecting funnel;
the diameter of the upper part of the insect collecting funnel is larger than that of the lower part of the insect collecting funnel, the top of the insect collecting funnel is connected with the bottom end of the trapping barrel, and the bottom of the insect collecting funnel extends into the collecting barrel;
the water is filled in the collecting barrel and is used for drowning the locusts falling into the collecting barrel; the collecting barrel is buried underground, and parts above the collecting barrel are exposed on the ground.
According to the monitoring trapping device, aiming at the characteristic of large body size of the locust, when the number of trapped locust is large, the device is designed to be a buried trapping device, the collecting barrel with the largest weight is buried underground, the habit of the locust is near-ground movement, and the trapping barrel is on the ground and is suitable for the movement height of the locust; simultaneously, to the characteristics that the locust can fly, buried design can avoid a large amount of locusts to be in monitoring trapping device's outside and/or inside striking and make the device rock or drop from the support, and is more firm. The respiratory organ of the locust is arranged on the abdomen, the middle-lower part of the general locust is heavier, so that the posture of the locust is horizontal or the abdomen is downward most of the time, the water is contained in the collecting barrel and can submerge the abdomen of the locust, so that the caught locust is drowned, the locust is prevented from flying or jumping to escape from the monitoring and trapping device, and compared with the existing method for killing the caught locust by using medicaments, the locust monitoring and trapping device is more environment-friendly and has low cost.
Optionally, the opening is provided with a cover capable of opening and closing, when the cover is opened, the locust is allowed to enter the trapping barrel, when the number of the locust on the trapping plate reaches a certain number, the cover closes and closes the opening, and meanwhile, the trapping plate rotates to drop the locust and enter the locust collecting funnel.
Optionally, the monitor trap further comprises a control device for controlling the operation of the transmission members of the monitor trap, for example, the control device communicates with the cover to control the opening and closing of the cover.
Optionally, the trap board includes the pivot at center and a plurality of slab rather than being connected, the vertical setting of pivot, a plurality of slab are radial evenly connected on the side of pivot, and drive arrangement is connected in the pivot for the control pivot rotates.
Preferably, the plate is purple, the trapping barrel is preferably made of transparent materials, and the trapping lamp is arranged inside the barrel wall of the trapping barrel.
Optionally, the bait comprises metabolites of the fungus Aspergillus sp.hcf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 4-methoxystyrene, 5-hydroxytryptamine and paraffin oil; the components are as follows in parts by mass: 0.05-0.1 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, 1-2 parts of hexanal, 3-5 parts of 2-heptanone, 2-3 parts of 2-octanone, 5-8 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.01-0.5 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine, wherein the paraffin oil is 5000-5200 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Preferably, the below of trapper is equipped with the fretwork backup pad, place in the fretwork backup pad drive arrangement and first weighing device, the bottom of trapper is connected to first weighing device for weigh the weight of trapper, judge the quantity of the locust that attracts on the trapper, and then judge trapper pivoted opportunity, drive arrangement and first weighing device communication connection controlling means.
Optionally, the inner wall of the trapping barrel is provided with a high-voltage electric plate, a power supply is arranged on the hollowed-out supporting plate, the high-voltage electric plate is connected with the power supply, and the power supply is in communication connection with the control device;
optionally, a heating device is arranged on the outer side of the high-voltage electric plate and used for drying water on the surface of the high-voltage electric plate when raining, and the heating device is connected with the power supply.
Optionally, a second weighing device is arranged below the collecting barrel and used for monitoring the number of captured locusts in real time, the upper part of the collecting barrel is connected with a water pipe, the lower part of the collecting barrel is connected with a drain pipe for water delivery and drainage, and the inner wall of the collecting barrel is provided with a plurality of liquid level meters for monitoring the liquid level in the collecting barrel in real time; the second weighing device and the liquid level meter are in communication connection with the control device.
Optionally, the water pipe is provided with a water delivery pump, a flow meter and a control valve, the water pipe is connected with an external water source, for example, a farmland irrigation water source, and the water delivery pump, the flow meter and the control valve are in communication connection with the control device.
According to the locust monitoring device, the collecting barrel is matched with the second weighing device and the flowmeter, weight information is converted into locust number information, the number of captured locust is measured and calculated on line in real time, efficiency is high, comparison and calibration of manual counting during cleaning of the collecting barrel are assisted, and locust monitoring efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved. The specific calculation method is as follows:
in the formula (1), R is the number of locusts captured in the collecting barrel; m is a group of General assembly The total weight g of the collecting barrel weighed by the second weighing device and the locust and the water inside the collecting barrel; m 0 Weight of the collection bucket, g; m Water (I) Is the weight of water injected into the collecting bucket through the water delivery pipe, g; m Rain water The weight of rainwater entering the collecting barrel through the opening of the trapping barrel g can be calculated through local rainfall; m is the weight of a single locust, g, the weight of the average single locust nymphs obtained according to statistical data in literature research is 0.5-1.5g, the weight of the average single locust adult is 1.5-2.5g, and numerical values are selected according to the specific locust species situation in the monitored area.
M Water (I) ＝L Water (W) ×t (2)
In the formula (2), L Water (W) The flow recorded by a flowmeter of the water pipe is g/h; t is water delivery time, h. If the water is transported for several times in the insect catching process, the water transportation amount of each time is added.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a monitoring system comprising the monitoring trapping devices, the monitoring trapping devices comprise a plurality of monitoring trapping devices, the monitoring trapping devices are uniformly arranged in an area where locust disasters need to be monitored, the control devices of the monitoring trapping devices are in communication connection, data of the number of the locusts in real time are shared, a locust density map in the area is drawn, and important points are guided to control the locust disasters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the monitoring trapping device for locust;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring trap for locusts.
In the attached drawing, 1-a trapping barrel, 2-an insect collecting funnel, 3-a collecting barrel, 301-a water conveying pipe, 302-a liquid level meter, 4-an opening, 5-a trapping plate, 501-a rotating shaft, 502-a sheet, 503-a hollow supporting plate, 6-a control device, 7-a cover, 8-a first weighing device and 9-a second weighing device.
Detailed Description
The monitoring and trapping device for locusts in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, comprises a trapping barrel 1, a locust collecting funnel 2 and a collecting barrel 3 from top to bottom, wherein the top of the trapping barrel 1 is provided with an opening 4, a rotatable trapping plate 5 is arranged inside the trapping barrel 1, and bait is arranged on the trapping plate 5 for attracting the locusts and dropping the locusts into the locust collecting funnel 2;
the diameter of the upper part of the insect collecting funnel 2 is larger than that of the lower part, the top of the insect collecting funnel is connected with the bottom end of the trapping barrel 1, and the bottom of the insect collecting funnel extends into the collecting barrel 3;
the water is filled in the collecting barrel 3 and is used for drowning the locusts falling into the collecting barrel 3; the collecting barrel 3 is buried underground, and parts above the collecting barrel 3 are exposed on the ground.
Optionally, the trap barrel 1 is vertical and cylindrical, and is provided with an opening 4 at the top, so that locust can enter the trap barrel 1 from the opening 4 under the attraction of the bait of the trap plate 5.
Further optionally, an openable and closable lid 7 is provided at the opening 4, when the lid 7 is opened, to allow the locust to enter the trap barrel 1, and when a certain number of locust are present on the trap plate 5, the lid 7 closes the opening 4, and the trap plate 5 rotates to drop the locust into the hopper 2.
Optionally, the monitoring and trapping device further includes a control device 6 for controlling the operation of each transmission component of the monitoring and trapping device, and the control device 6 may be disposed on the outer side surface of the monitoring and trapping device, or may be disposed in a centralized control room of an operator, so as to implement remote monitoring. For example, the control device 6 communicates with the cover 7 to control the opening and closing of the cover 7.
Optionally, the trap board 5 includes a central rotating shaft 501 and a plurality of plates 502 connected thereto, the rotating shaft 501 is vertically disposed, the plurality of plates 502 are uniformly connected to the side of the rotating shaft 501 in a radial manner, and the rotating shaft 501 is connected to a driving device for controlling the rotating shaft 501 to rotate.
The plate 502 is preferably purple, and the purple-repelling biological characteristic of the locust is utilized, so that the locust attracting efficiency is improved after the plate is combined with bait; the trapping barrel 1 is preferably made of transparent materials, such as acrylic materials, so that the locusts can be conveniently observed from the outside of the trapping barrel 1 to be attracted due to purple color of the trapping plate 5, and meanwhile, the number of the locusts on the trapping plate 5 can be conveniently observed, and whether all the locusts fall into the locust collecting funnel 2 when the trapping plate 5 rotates or not can be conveniently observed; trap lamp is installed to the section of thick bamboo wall internally mounted of traping the bucket, and it can for ordinary locust traps the lamp in the market to trap the lamp.
Preferably, the below of trapboard 5 is equipped with fretwork backup pad 503, place on the fretwork backup pad 503 drive arrangement and first weighing device 8, the bottom of trapboard 5 is connected to first weighing device 8 for weigh the weight of trapboard 5, judge the quantity of the locust that attracts on the trapboard 5, and then judge the pivoted opportunity of trapboard 5, drive arrangement and 8 communication connection controlling means 6 of first weighing device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the lid 7 of the opening 4 of the trap bucket 1 is opened, the first weighing device 8 weighs and records the initial weight of the trap plate 5, the locust enters the trap bucket 1 under the attraction of the bait and stays on the trap plate 5, the first weighing device 8 weighs the total weight of the trap plate 5 and the locust thereon in real time; when the total weight is larger than a first preset value, the first weighing device 8 sends a signal to the control device 6, the control device 6 closes the cover 7 and starts the driving device, and the driving device drives the rotating shaft 501 to rotate so as to realize the rotation of the plate sheet of the trap plate 5; the locust is moved by the trap plate 5 in a fan way in the closed space of the trap barrel 1, falls down, passes through the hollow support plate 503 and falls into the lower insect collecting funnel 2; after observing that the locusts inside the trap barrel 5 are all knocked down through the outer wall of the trap barrel 5, the control device 6 stops the driving device and simultaneously opens the cover 7, the trap plate 5 stops rotating, the first weighing device 8 weighs the trap plate 5, and the weight is approximately equal to the initial weight of the trap plate 5; attracting locust again, and repeating the above steps.
Optionally, when the non-ya keli material of the inner wall of traping bucket 1, the inner wall of traping bucket 1 is equipped with high-voltage electric plate, and the power is established on fretwork backup pad 503, and high-voltage electric plate connects, and power communication is connected controlling means 6 works as lid 7 is closed, and when traping plate 5 rotated, controlling means 6 started power, and high-voltage electric plate circular telegram will be hit by the locust electric shock of traping plate 5 fanning and the random collision everywhere, improves the efficiency that the locust falls into collection worm funnel 2, shortens the time of closing lid 7 because of collecting the locust, thereby the extension monitoring traping device attracts the effective time of traping the locust.
Further optionally, a heating device is arranged on the outer side of the high-voltage electric plate and used for drying water on the surface of the high-voltage electric plate in the rainy day, particularly when the cover 7 is closed, rainwater can not enter the trapping barrel 1 any more, and the heating device dries the water on the high-voltage electric plate to prevent short circuit; the heating device is connected with the power supply to obtain electric energy.
Traditional pest trapping device sets up rainshelter at the top mostly, and the core is lured in the placement of collecting vessel upper portion, and the inside insecticide of placing of collecting vessel, theory of operation are attracting the pest into the collecting vessel basically to exterminate. Such trapping devices are not suitable for locusts, because the locusts have strong flying and jumping capabilities, are not easy to capture, have large body shapes, cause large impact on the trapping device when flying or jumping, and have high possibility of escaping after being captured. And the dosage of the pesticide for killing the locusts with larger body shapes is larger, and the pesticide has certain harm to the surrounding environment, especially crops after the trapping device is damaged by the locusts.
According to the monitoring and trapping device, the design of the trapping barrel 1 and the trapping plate 5 not only increases the area of the sheet 502 for attracting the locust, so that more locust can stay on the trapping plate 5, the opening 4 of the trapping barrel 1 can be temporarily closed aiming at the characteristic that the locust flies and jumps, the locust is knocked down and falls into the locust collecting funnel 2 through the rotation of the trapping plate 5, the trapping rate of the attracted locust is greatly increased, and the closed trapping barrel 1 makes the attracted locust almost impossible to escape. The high-voltage electric plate is arranged, so that the capture efficiency is improved, and the closing time of the trapping barrel 1 is shortened as much as possible. According to the locust collecting device, no insecticide is used for killing the captured locust, the captured locust is drowned by water, the trapping barrel 1 with the opening 4 can collect rainwater to be supplemented into the collecting barrel 3, a rain shelter is omitted, water in the collecting barrel 3 is naturally supplemented, and the locust collecting device is economical and environment-friendly.
Optionally, the bait comprises metabolites of the fungus Aspergillus sp.hcf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 4-methoxystyrene, 5-hydroxytryptamine and paraffin oil; the weight parts of the components are as follows: 0.05-0.1 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, 1-2 parts of hexanal, 3-5 parts of 2-heptanone, 2-3 parts of 2-octanone, 5-8 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.01-0.5 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine, wherein the paraffin oil is 5000-5200 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
The preparation method of the bait comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the hexanal, the 2-heptanone, the 4-methoxystyrene and the 2-octanone in parts by weight, adding the mixture into paraffin oil, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mother solution;
(2) Slowly adding the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf2 into the first mother liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mother liquor;
(3) Slowly adding 5-hydroxytryptamine into the second mother liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain a bait liquid;
(4) And brushing the bait liquid on the plate pieces of the trapping plates, and naturally drying to obtain the bait.
The operating temperature of the steps (1), (2) and (3) is 15-25 ℃.
The preparation process of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.hcf2 is as follows: activating Aspergillus sp.HCf2 by using a first culture medium plate, wherein the activated culture condition is 28 ℃, and culturing for 7 days in the dark; after activation, inoculating the seeds in a first liquid culture medium, and culturing for 3 days in a shaking table under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 120r/min to obtain a seed solution; inoculating the seed solution into 10L fermentation culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and fermenting on a shaking table for 13 days under the fermentation conditions of 28 ℃ and 140r/min; after fermentation is completed, the fermentation broth obtained by filtration is the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf 2.
The first culture medium is a malt culture medium, and specifically comprises 20g of malt, 20g of sucrose, 1g of peptone, 20g of agar strips and 1L of water. The fermentation culture solution is a first liquid culture medium.
Optionally, the outside of collection worm funnel 2 is equipped with the support, the support supports collection worm funnel 2 and the part of top, and the bottom of support supports subaerial, because collecting vessel 3 establishes in the below of collection worm funnel 2 to bury underground, promptly the support has born the weight of collection worm funnel 2 and the part of top.
Further optionally, a solar panel is arranged on the support and used as a supplement to the power supply, and the solar panel is connected with the driving device, the high-voltage panel and the heating device of the trapping plate 5 through a circuit.
Optionally, a second weighing device 9 is arranged below the collecting barrel 3 and used for monitoring the number of captured locusts in real time, the upper part of the collecting barrel 3 is connected with a water pipe 301, the lower part of the collecting barrel 3 is connected with a water drain pipe and used for water conveying and drainage, and the inner wall of the collecting barrel 3 is provided with a plurality of liquid level meters 302 for monitoring the liquid level in the collecting barrel 3 in real time and ensuring the lethality of the captured locusts; the second weighing device 9 and the liquid level meter 302 are in communication connection with the control device 6. Since the bracket supports the weight of the hopper 2 and its upper parts, the second weighing device 9 weighs the weight of the collecting tub 3 and its inner locusts and water.
Preferably, the inner walls of the bottom, the top and the middle of the collecting barrel 3 are respectively provided with a first liquid level meter, a second liquid level meter and a third liquid level meter, so that water in the collecting barrel 3 is prevented from being dried or overflowing, and the moderate water level in the collecting barrel 3 is ensured.
Optionally, a water delivery pump, a flow meter and a control valve are arranged on the water delivery pipe 301, the water delivery pipe 301 is connected with an external water source, for example, a farmland irrigation water source, and the water delivery pump, the flow meter and the control valve are in communication connection with the control device 6. When the first liquid level meter detects that the water level in the collecting barrel 3 is very low, the control device 6 opens the water delivery pump and the control valve, water is filled into the collecting barrel 3 through the water delivery pipe 301, and the flow meter records the water delivery amount; when the second liquid level meter detects that the water level is moderate, the control device 6 can stop water delivery, and at the moment, if more locusts are in the collecting barrel 3, water delivery can be continued to submerge the locusts; when the third level gauge detects that the water level is too high, the control device 6 stops the water delivery.
Before use, the second weighing device 9 weighs the initial weight of the collecting barrel 3, the control device 6 starts the water delivery pump and the control valve under the coordination of the liquid level meter 302 to deliver water into the collecting barrel 3, meanwhile, the water delivery quantity is recorded through the flow meter, when the water level is appropriate, the water delivery is stopped, and the second weighing device 9 weighs the total weight of the collecting barrel 3 and the water in the collecting barrel at the moment; the locust is trapped by the trapping barrel 1, and the weight of the locust weighed by the second weighing device 9 is increased continuously as the locust drops into the collecting barrel 3; when the number of locusts in the collecting barrel 3 is large, for example, the weight weighed by the second weighing device 9 is larger than a second preset value, the control device 6 receives a feedback signal of the second weighing device 9, starts the water delivery pump and the control valve, delivers water into the collecting barrel 3, and stops delivering water after a period of time; when the weight weighed by the second weighing device 9 is larger than a third preset value, the locust is fully collected in the collecting barrel 3, the control device 6 sends out a signal to inform workers to clean the collecting barrel 3, and the number of the captured locust can be manually counted during cleaning.
According to the locust monitoring device, the collecting barrel 3 converts weight information into locust number information under the matching of the second weighing device 9 and the flowmeter, so that the locust number is measured and calculated on line in real time, the efficiency is high, and the comparison and calibration of manual counting during cleaning of the collecting barrel 3 are assisted, so that the locust monitoring efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved. The specific calculation method is as follows:
in the formula (1), R is the number of locusts captured in the collecting barrel 3; m is a group of General assembly The total weight g of the collecting barrel 3 and the locust and the water inside the collecting barrel weighed by the second weighing device 9; m 0 Weight of collection bucket 3, g; m Water (W) The weight of water injected into the collection tub 3 through the water delivery pipe 301, g; m Rain water The weight, g, of rainwater entering collecting tub 3 through trap tub opening 4 can be lowered locallyMeasuring and calculating rainfall; m is the weight of a single locust, g, the average body weight of the single locust is obtained according to the statistical data in the literature research, the average body weight of the single locust nymph locust is 0.5-1.5g according to the statistical data in the literature research, the average body weight of the single locust adult is 1.5-2.5g, and a proper value is selected according to the specific locust species situation in the monitoring area.
M Water (W) ＝L Water (W) ×t (2)
In the formula (2), L Water (W) The flow rate recorded by a flowmeter of the water pipe is g/h; t is water delivery time, h. If the water is transported for several times in the insect catching process, the water transportation amount of each time is added.
The number of the locusts captured in the collecting barrel 3 can be obtained through the calculation, and the second weighing device 9 can weigh the weight of the collecting barrel 3 in real time, so that the number of the locusts captured in real time can be obtained according to the calculation method, researchers can draw curves of the number of the locusts and time conveniently, the development condition of the insect disasters can be analyzed dynamically, early warning and prevention strategies can be timely given out, and the agricultural loss is reduced. Because the monitoring trapping device is convenient for supplying water and power and can be placed in the field for working for a long time, the long-term locust situation in the area can be obtained, and a long-acting pest control strategy is formulated.
This embodiment still provides and contains monitoring trapping device's monitoring system, including a plurality of monitoring trapping device, a plurality of monitoring trapping device evenly arranges in the area that needs monitor locust calamity, every monitoring trapping device's 6 communication connection of controlling means, the data of the real-time locust quantity of sharing draw this area locust density map, the key prevention and cure worm calamity of guidance.
The following are examples of the preparation of the bait:
preparation example 1
The bait of the preparation example comprises metabolites of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 4-methoxystyrene, 5-hydroxytryptamine and paraffin oil;
the weight parts of the components are as follows: 0.05 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, 1 part of hexanal, 3 parts of 2-heptanone, 2 parts of 2-octanone, 5 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.01 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine, wherein the paraffin oil is 5200 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
The preparation method of the bait comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the hexanal, the 2-heptanone, the 4-methoxystyrene and the 2-octanone in parts by weight, adding the mixture into paraffin oil, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mother solution;
(2) Slowly adding the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf2 into the first mother liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mother liquor;
(3) Slowly adding 5-hydroxytryptamine into the second mother liquor, and uniformly mixing to obtain a bait liquid;
(4) Brushing the bait liquid on the plate pieces of the trapping plates, and naturally drying to obtain the bait; the trap plate comprises a rotating shaft 501 at the center and four plate pieces 502 connected with the rotating shaft 501, the rotating shaft 501 is vertically arranged, the four plate pieces 502 are uniformly connected to the side surface of the rotating shaft 501 in a radial mode, and the area of each plate piece is 50 square centimeters.
The operation temperature in the above steps (1), (2) and (3) was 25 ℃.
The preparation process of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.hcf2 is as follows: activating Aspergillus sp.HCf2 by using a first culture medium plate, wherein the activated culture condition is 28 ℃, and culturing for 7 days in the dark; after activation, inoculating in a first liquid culture medium, and culturing in a shaking table for 3 days at 28 deg.C and 120r/min to obtain seed solution; inoculating the seed solution into 10L fermentation culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and fermenting on a shaking table for 13 days under the fermentation conditions of 28 ℃ and 140r/min; after fermentation is completed, the fermentation broth obtained by filtration is the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf 2.
The first culture medium is a malt culture medium, and specifically comprises 20g of malt, 20g of sucrose, 1g of peptone, 20g of agar strips and 1L of water. The fermentation culture solution is a liquid first culture medium.
Preparation example 2
The preparation method of the bait is the same as that of the bait in the preparation example 1, except that 0.1 part of metabolite of fungus Aspergillus sp. HCf2, 2 parts of hexanal, 5 parts of 2-heptanone, 3 parts of 2-octanone, 8 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.5 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine are used, and paraffin oil is 5000 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Preparation example 3
The preparation method of the bait is the same as that of the bait prepared in the preparation example 1, except that 0.15 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp. HCf2, 3 parts of hexanal, 6 parts of 2-heptanone, 4 parts of 2-octanone, 9 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.6 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine are used, and paraffin oil is 4900 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Preparation example 4
The preparation method of the bait is the same as that of the bait prepared in the preparation example 1, except that 0.04 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp. HCf2, 0.9 part of hexanal, 2- heptanone 2, 1 part of 2-octanone, 4 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.01 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine are used, and paraffin oil is 5300 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Preparation example 5
The bait according to this preparation example was prepared in the same manner as in preparation example 2, except that the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.hcf2 was not added.
Preparation example 6
The bait described in this preparation was prepared in the same manner as in preparation example 2 except that 5-hydroxytryptamine was not added.
Preparation example 7
The bait according to this preparation was prepared in the same manner as in preparation 2, except that the metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus sp.hcf2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine were not added.
Preparation example 8
The bait is locust aggregation pheromone 4-methoxy styrene, 8 parts of 4-methoxy styrene and paraffin oil which are 5000 times of the mass of the 4-methoxy styrene, the bait and the locust aggregation pheromone are uniformly mixed, then the mixture is brushed on a plate sheet of the trapping plate and naturally air-dried to obtain the bait, and the trapping plate of the preparation example is the same as that of the preparation example 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Effect of the preparation examples on attracting locusts
As can be seen from the above table, the bait provided by the invention is improved on the basis of the existing locust trapping agent, the metabolic substance of fungus Aspergillus sp.hcf2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine are added, the two substances are both the metabolic products of locust, the bait has good locust attracting performance, the service cycle of the preparation examples 1-7 is 2-3 months, and the service time is long.
Claims (9)
1. A monitoring and trapping device for locusts is characterized by comprising a trapping barrel, a locusts collecting funnel and a collecting barrel from top to bottom, wherein the top of the trapping barrel is provided with an opening, a rotatable trapping plate is arranged inside the trapping barrel, and baits are distributed on the trapping plate and used for attracting the locusts and dropping the locusts into the locusts collecting funnel;
the diameter of the upper part of the insect collecting funnel is larger than that of the lower part of the insect collecting funnel, the top of the insect collecting funnel is connected with the bottom end of the trapping barrel, and the bottom of the insect collecting funnel extends into the collecting barrel;
the water is filled in the collecting barrel and is used for drowning the locusts falling into the collecting barrel; the collecting barrel is buried underground, and parts above the collecting barrel are exposed on the ground;
the bait comprises metabolites of the fungus Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 4-methoxystyrene, 5-hydroxytryptamine and paraffin oil;
the weight parts of the components are as follows: 0.05-0.1 part of metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, 1-2 parts of hexanal, 3-5 parts of 2-heptanone, 2-3 parts of 2-octanone, 5-8 parts of 4-methoxystyrene and 0.01-0.5 part of 5-hydroxytryptamine, wherein the paraffin oil is 5000-5200 times of the sum of the mass of the metabolite of Aspergillus sp.HCf2, hexanal, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
2. The monitor trap according to claim 1, wherein the opening is provided with a lid which can be opened and closed, the monitor trap further comprising a control device which communicates with the lid and controls the opening and closing of the lid.
3. The monitor trap according to claim 2, wherein the trap comprises a central rotating shaft and a plurality of plates connected with the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged, the plurality of plates are uniformly connected on the side surface of the rotating shaft in a radial shape, and the rotating shaft is connected with the driving device for controlling the rotating shaft to rotate.
4. The monitor trap according to claim 3, wherein a perforated support plate is provided below the trap plate, on which the drive means and the first weighing means are placed;
the first weighing device is connected with the bottom end of the trapping plate and used for weighing the weight of the trapping plate, judging the quantity of locust attracted on the trapping plate and further judging the rotating time of the trapping plate, and the driving device is in communication connection with the first weighing device and the control device.
5. The monitor trap according to claim 4, wherein the inner wall of said trap barrel is provided with a high voltage electric board, the power supply is arranged on the hollowed support board, the high voltage electric board is connected with the power supply, and the power supply is connected with said control device in a communication way;
the outside of high-voltage electric plate is equipped with heating device for when raining with the water drying on high-voltage electric plate surface, heating device connects the power.
6. The monitoring trap according to claim 2, characterized in that a second weighing device is arranged below the collecting tank for real-time monitoring of the number of captured locusts;
the upper part of the collecting barrel is connected with a water delivery pipe, and the lower part of the collecting barrel is connected with a water drainage pipe for water delivery and drainage;
the inner wall of the collecting barrel is provided with a plurality of liquid level meters for monitoring the liquid level in the collecting barrel in real time and ensuring the lethality of the captured locust; the second weighing device and the liquid level meter are in communication connection with the control device.
7. The monitor trap according to claim 6, wherein the water pipe is provided with a water pump, a flow meter and a control valve, the water pipe is connected with an external water source, and the water pump, the flow meter and the control valve are in communication connection with the control device.
8. The monitoring and trapping device according to claim 7, wherein the collecting barrel converts the weight information into locust quantity information under the cooperation of the second weighing device and the flow meter, so as to realize real-time online measurement and calculation of the quantity of the captured locust, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
in the formula (1), R is the number of locusts captured in the collecting barrel; m General assembly The total weight g of the collecting barrel and the locusts and water inside the collecting barrel weighed by the second weighing device; m 0 Weight of the collection bucket, g; m Water (W) The weight of water injected into the collecting bucket through the water delivery pipe, g; m Rain water The weight of rainwater entering the collecting barrel through the opening of the trapping barrel is g, and the local rainfall is calculated; m is the weight of a single locust, g, the weight of an average single locust nymph locust is 0.5-1.5g and the weight of an average single locust adult is 1.5-2.5g according to statistical data in literature research, and numerical values are selected according to the specific locust species condition in a monitoring area;
M water (W) ＝L Water (W) ×t (2)
In the formula (2), L Water (W) The flow rate recorded by a flowmeter of the water pipe is g/h; t is water delivery time, h; if the water transportation is carried out for several times in the insect catching process, the water transportation amount of each time is added.
9. A monitoring system comprising monitoring trapping devices as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, wherein including a plurality of said monitoring trapping devices, a plurality of said monitoring trapping devices are uniformly arranged in the area where locust disasters need to be monitored, the control device of each said monitoring trapping device is connected in communication, and shares the data of real-time locust quantity, and maps the locust density in the area to guide the important control of locust disasters.
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