CN113939359A - 具有直接电加热的反应器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种反应器，所述反应器包括由固体颗粒组成的移动床，所述固体颗粒在重力方向上移动；以及一种加热用于热解反应的反应器的方法，所述反应器包括移动床。
Description
本发明涉及一种反应器，所述反应器包括由固体颗粒组成的移动床，所述固体颗粒在重力方向上移动；以及一种加热用于热解反应的反应器的方法，所述反应器包括移动床。
作为已建立的现有技术的替代方案，例如US2982622公开了一种生产氢和优质焦炭的方法，其中将惰性固体颗粒作为粒状材料在重力方向上引导通过细长的反应区，以下称为移动床，在反应区中在至少一部分固体物质两端施加每英寸0.1至1000伏特的电压，其中该电压足以将固体的温度提高到1800℉至3000℉(980℃至1650℃)。在逆流中引导由烃，优选地天然气组成的气流，该气流经由吸热热解反应产生氢并将碳沉积在先前引入的颗粒上
CH4<->C(s)+2H2。
由于固体和气体的逆流条件可实现热集成，从而使得该方法的高效成为可能。通过欧姆直接电加热，当使用借助可再生能源产生的电时，可通过消除化石加热改善制氢方法的二氧化碳平衡。
迄今为止，现有技术中适应于900℃以上高温反应的反应器多数被构成圆柱形。用于加热反应器的电极选择性地集成在筒壁中或至少如此轴向地布置在反应器中，使得固定床填料或移动床不被阻挡。例如在US2982622中示出了此类反应器。
然而，此类将电极作为内置件的纯圆柱形反应器几何形状的缺点是，若是一个中央的内杆电极，电场在径向上是不均匀的并且因此反应在反应器容积中进行得并不均匀。若是集成在筒壁中的电极，沉积在壁处的碳可导致电短路，电短路也阻碍了反应器的均匀加热。沉积的碳还导致移动床的颗粒结块，从而损害颗粒流动性并且堵塞反应器。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种可克服现有技术的缺点的反应器几何形状和电极排列方式。
在设备和工艺方面由此解决该目的，即反应器的流动截面在反应区的长度上发生变化并且电极环形同心地布置在反应区中。被电极加热的移动床通过反应器区。
由于流动截面发生变化，移动床的颗粒被迫发生相对运动，由此阻止颗粒因沉积的碳而结块。环形同心的电极可连续或间断地以轴向对称的排列方式布置或在锥形的反应器几何形状中布置成平面。此外还避免短路，因为通过内外置电极的同心的排列方式总要先流经填料。
其中优选地，电极由含石墨的材料制成并且沿长度方向具有不同的导电性。
反应器的流动截面优选地如此在反应区的长度上发生变化，即该流动截面具有圆锥形或接近圆锥形的形状。
其中优选地，反应器的圆锥形部分如此布置，使得圆锥体的较宽部分布置在移动床的进料口。在多数情况下，是重力方向上的上方。对于技术人员而言可理解的是，在对应的工业反应器几何形状中不可总是保持精确的径向对称并且反应器往往被构建成多边形。优选地，反应器还被设计成环形间隙。该环形间隙可在技术上是均匀的直形的，但也可在反应器长度上扩大或缩小。为此可在反应器中设置不同的内置件，例如金字塔形的几何形状。通过设计成环形间隙的实施方式可进一步优化电极的环形同心的排列方式，并且上述优点得以增强。
反应器还具有用于气态反应物和产物的入口和出口，从而可在相对于移动床的逆流中引导反应物流和产物流。进一步地，可在产物出口附近设置有用于冷却气体的进一步的进料口。优选地，将冷产物气体或惰性气体用作冷却气体。
优选地，将移动床加热到900℃至1200℃的温度。
将所描述的反应器和所描述的方法优选地用于甲烷热解，其中将含甲烷的气流用作反应物。
在一种特别的实施方案中，经由圆柱形的入口将冷移动床从上方送入反应器。然后，经由筒管的圆锥形的扩宽部将移动床转移到缩窄的进一步的圆锥体中。在重力方向上引导移动床通过反应器。在一种额外的实施方案变体中，在圆锥体内可有内部件，从而产生环形井道。通过由环形井道加强的圆锥形形状，在移动床的颗粒之间发生相对运动。由此，碳沉积物可沉积在移动床的颗粒上并且可在反应器的下端处在移动床的出口处与移动床一起排出，该出口进而优选地被设计成圆柱形。
在反应器的圆锥形部分内或在环形井道中安装有电极，这些电极安装在反应器壁或内部件壁处。电极加热在电极之间通过的移动床。由此避免短路，因为碳只在热区中沉积，但电接触在冷区中发生。
电极在端部处优选地具有圆形的形状。有利的是，导电性在相应的电极端部处减小。这通过电极面积的减小和/或通过改变的材料成分来实现。
通过电极所述的几何形状减小对于移动床的流动阻力。一个额外的优点是，由此阻止碳颗粒的沉积或结块。避免在电极端部处出现热区并且因而就不对反应造成不良影响。
在反应器中在相对于移动床的逆流中引导反应物流和产物流。送入冷反应物流，该冷反应物流被溢出的热移动床加热。由于热交换，可直接从反应器中排出冷移动床并且不必进一步冷却。由于逆流引导，反应器内的热量保持在热集成区，并且节能反应控制是可能的。
为了控制反应器的温度曲线，如果有必要，在一种特别优选的反应器实施变体中，在产物出口附近经由进料口送入冷却气体。冷却气体优选地为已经冷却的产物气体。
除了甲烷热解，该反应器也可用于其他反应。
本发明的其他特征和优点在参照图1对实施例的描述中进行阐释。附图示出：
图1根据本发明的反应器的剖视图
图1在剖视图中示出了一种优选的反应器几何形状。经由圆柱形的进料口将移动床W从上方送入反应器。反应器外壁优选地通过砌筑来隔离。
引导移动床W进入环形井道，该环形井道被实施成两个结构相反的圆锥体。环形井道通过内置件来实现。在环形井道壁和内置件壁处安装有环形同心的电极E。
优选地，将反应器用于甲烷的热解。为此，在相对于移动床W的逆流中引导含甲烷的原料流F。将原料流加热到900℃至1200℃并且转化成氢和碳或合成气体。在反应器上端处抽取产物流P。
通过该逆流方法实现有效的热集成并且这不需要昂贵的装置来冷却或预热移动床或气流。
为了可控制反应器内的温度曲线，可经由进料口Z送入冷却气体。在本示例中，优选地，将冷产物气体用作冷却气体。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于热解反应的反应器，包括由固体颗粒组成的移动床，所述固体颗粒在重力方向上移动，其特征在于，所述反应器的流动截面在反应区的长度上发生变化并且电极环形同心地布置在所述反应区中。
2.根据权利要求2所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述电极由含石墨的材料制成并且沿长度方向具有不同的导电性。
3.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述反应器的流动截面如此在所述反应区的长度上发生变化，使得所述流动截面具有圆锥形或接近圆锥形的形状。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述反应器具有用于气态反应物和产物的入口和出口，从而可在相对于所述移动床的逆流中引导所述反应物流和产物流。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项所述的反应器，其特征在于，在所述产物出口附近设置有用于冷却气体的进一步的进料口。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的一项所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述反应器的圆锥形部分如此布置，使得圆锥体的较宽部分布置在所述移动床的进料口。
7.一种加热用于热解反应的反应器的方法，所述反应器包括移动床，其特征在于，引导所述移动床通过所述反应器，其中所述反应器的流动截面在反应区的长度上发生变化，并且其中在所述反应器中布置有环形同心的电极，所述移动床通过所述电极并且所述电极加热所述移动床。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在相对于反应物流和产物流的逆流中引导所述移动床。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述移动床加热到900℃至1200℃的温度。
10.根据权利要求6至8中的一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将含甲烷的气流用作反应物并且将所述反应器用于甲烷热解。
11.根据权利要求6至9中的一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了冷却溢出的产物流，在所述产物出口附近送入冷却气体。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019003982.3 | 2019-06-05 | ||
| DE102019003982.3A DE102019003982A1 (de) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Reaktor mit direkter elektrischer Beheizung |
| PCT/EP2020/025247 WO2020244803A1 (de) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-27 | Reaktor mit direkter elektronischer beheizung |
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| CN202080033674.5A Pending CN113939359A (zh) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-27 | 具有直接电加热的反应器 |
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| US (1) | US20220234020A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP3980174B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN113939359A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102019003982A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2020244803A1 (zh) |
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| DE102021202465A1 (de) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-09-15 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Reaktor und Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Fluiden |
| EP4219772A1 (de) | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-02 | Linde GmbH | Eisendirektreduktion mit reduzierter kohlendioxidfreisetzung |
| DE102022209645A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-14 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Reaktor für die thermische Spaltung eines gasförmigen, kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Einsatzstoffstroms |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1234486A (fr) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-10-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Procédé perfectionné de conversion des hydrocarbures |
| CN1906337A (zh) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-01-31 | 斯塔托伊尔公司 | 用于生产颗粒碳产品的方法和装置 |
| CN102652168A (zh) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-08-29 | 环球油品公司 | 使用移动床反应器堆的固体催化剂烃转化方法 |
| US20130143167A1 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2013-06-06 | Technische Universitaet Wien | Fluidized bed reactor system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4255403A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1981-03-10 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Magnetically stabilized fluid cross-flow contactor having support means and process for using the same |
| SE540464C2 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-09-18 | Arc Aroma Pure Ab | Pef chamber |
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 DE DE102019003982.3A patent/DE102019003982A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-05-27 US US17/595,882 patent/US20220234020A1/en active Pending
- 2020-05-27 EP EP20730387.6A patent/EP3980174B1/de active Active
- 2020-05-27 CN CN202080033674.5A patent/CN113939359A/zh active Pending
- 2020-05-27 WO PCT/EP2020/025247 patent/WO2020244803A1/de unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1234486A (fr) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-10-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Procédé perfectionné de conversion des hydrocarbures |
| CN1906337A (zh) * | 2003-11-21 | 2007-01-31 | 斯塔托伊尔公司 | 用于生产颗粒碳产品的方法和装置 |
| CN102652168A (zh) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-08-29 | 环球油品公司 | 使用移动床反应器堆的固体催化剂烃转化方法 |
| US20130143167A1 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2013-06-06 | Technische Universitaet Wien | Fluidized bed reactor system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019003982A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
| WO2020244803A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
| EP3980174A1 (de) | 2022-04-13 |
| US20220234020A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
| EP3980174B1 (de) | 2023-07-19 |
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