CN113933724A - Test system for safety of metal-air battery - Google Patents
Test system for safety of metal-air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113933724A CN113933724A CN202111085569.9A CN202111085569A CN113933724A CN 113933724 A CN113933724 A CN 113933724A CN 202111085569 A CN202111085569 A CN 202111085569A CN 113933724 A CN113933724 A CN 113933724A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a test system for the safety of a metal-air battery, which comprises: a battery holder for supporting the battery clamp; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by a battery clamp; the striker exit device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and is used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of the impact object in the emission process after the impact object is emitted from the impact object exit; and the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and is used for recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact object penetrates through the battery sample, and the phenomenon is used for evaluating the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is shot by the impact object. Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can really simulate the rammer and pierce through the protection steel sheet earlier and inlay in the inside experimental operating mode of battery to the test result that produces has good distinguishability and repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a test system for the safety of a metal-air battery.
Background
The metal air battery is one of the representatives of green secondary batteries, has the advantages of no toxicity, no pollution, high specific energy, stable performance and the like, and has good development potential in various fields such as communication power supplies, high-power reserve power supplies and the like. For the ground combat troops, if the metal-air battery is applied to troop equipment, the working time is significantly increased and the infrared characteristic is significantly reduced compared with the conventional diesel generator. Since the metal-air battery is a new technology, its safety and reliability need to be further evaluated through more rigorous tests. At present, the existing national standards mainly comprise short circuit, falling, heating, discharging, salt spray, vibration tests and the like through a test method for testing the safety of batteries in a physical damage mode. The four test methods play an important role in respective application fields, but the test working condition of high-speed impact or destruction of the battery when the battery is subjected to shooting cannot be effectively simulated, so that the safety of the battery when the battery is subjected to shooting cannot be completely and accurately evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention discloses a test system for the safety of a metal-air battery, which can truly simulate the test working condition that an impactor firstly penetrates through a protective steel plate and then is embedded in the battery, and accurately evaluate the safety of the metal-air battery.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a test system for the safety of a metal-air battery, which comprises:
the shot unit, the shooting unit and the monitoring unit; wherein the irradiated unit includes: the device comprises a battery bracket, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the firing unit includes: the device comprises a striker exit device, a bracket for supporting the striker exit device and a striker; the monitoring unit includes: the system comprises a first camera and an impactor velocimeter; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the battery bracket is used for supporting the battery clamp;
the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery clamp;
the striker emergence device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of an impact object in the emission process after the impact object is emitted from the impact object exit;
the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and used for recording a phenomenon of the battery sample after an impactor penetrates through the battery sample, and the phenomenon is used for evaluating the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is subjected to impact of the impactor;
wherein the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact of the impact object comprises one or more of the following phenomena:
the surface of the battery is perforated by a striker, the internal structure of the battery is changed, the battery leaks gas or liquid, the gas or liquid is toxic, open fire occurs, and explosion occurs after the open fire occurs;
the battery clamp comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a fixed block and a telescopic bottom beam; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the number of the fixed blocks is 4, two of the fixed blocks are fixed at the bottom of the first baffle and used for supporting the first baffle; the other two fixing blocks are fixed at the bottom of the second baffle and used for supporting the second baffle;
along the direction of the exit of the impact object, the first baffle and the second baffle are oppositely arranged in the front-back direction and are connected through the telescopic bottom beam, and the area of the first baffle is larger than that of the second baffle.
Optionally, the testing system further comprises:
the second camera is placed at a third set distance away from the battery sample and used for recording the change phenomenon of the battery in the whole process from the starting point of the test to the end of the test;
wherein the change phenomenon comprises one or more of the following: including being hit by the striker, the battery falls, weeping, smoking, burning, exploding, the color of the spilled liquid, the change of the liquid and the bracket after contacting, the color of the smoke, the diffusion range, the color of the flame, the shape of the flame, the fireball diameter, the flame length and the number of fragments after the explosion.
Optionally, the testing system further comprises:
the temperature sensor comprises six temperature probes and is used for detecting the temperature change conditions of the battery sample at different moments after the battery sample is shot by a striker;
wherein, the measuring point of the first probe is arranged on the incident surface of the impact object and is 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point of the second probe is arranged on the emergent surface of the striker and is 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point of the third probe is arranged at the position of the air leakage valve of the battery; a measuring point of the fourth probe is arranged at a position 12 cm right above the battery; the measuring point of the fifth probe is arranged at a position 18 cm right above the battery; the measurement point of the sixth probe is arranged 30 ° to the left of the front of the battery, at a distance of 14 cm from the battery.
Optionally, the testing system further comprises:
and the infrared imager is arranged at a position 3 meters away from the battery sample, and an included angle formed by a connecting line of two points of the infrared imager and the battery sample and a connecting line of two points of the striker exit port and the battery sample is 45 degrees.
Optionally, the number of the impact object velocimeters is two, and the two impact object velocimeters are respectively a first impact object velocimeter and a second impact object velocimeter which are arranged in front of and behind the impact object launching direction;
the distance between the first impactor velocimeter and the second impactor velocimeter is 1 meter;
the distance between the second impactor speed meter and the impactor exit is 1 meter;
the distance between the striker exit port and the battery entrance surface is 20 meters.
Optionally, the testing system further comprises:
the smoke intensity tester is arranged at a fourth set distance from the battery sample, an included angle formed by a two-point connecting line of the smoke intensity tester and the battery sample and a two-point connecting line of the striker exit port and the battery sample is 45 degrees, and the smoke intensity tester is used for detecting whether the battery sample generates smoke when being shot by the striker so as to determine the safety grade of the battery sample when being shot by the striker.
Optionally, the smoke intensity tester is further configured to determine the transmittance of the light beam in the smoke through the attenuation of the smoke on the light intensity after the battery sample generates a smoke phenomenon, and evaluate the smoke concentration level according to the magnitude of the light transmittance, so as to determine the damage degree of the battery sample.
Optionally, the first baffle and the second baffle are made of tungsten steel alloy frosted materials.
Optionally, an included angle formed by a connecting line between the first camera and the two points of the battery and a connecting line between the striker exit and the two points of the battery is 70 °.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention provides a test system for battery safety, which comprises a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit; wherein, the unit that is penetrated includes: the device comprises a battery bracket, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the firing unit includes: the device comprises a striker exit device, a bracket for supporting the striker exit device and a striker; the monitoring unit comprises a first camera and an impactor velocimeter. The battery bracket is used for supporting the battery clamp; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by a battery clamp; the striker exit device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and is used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of the impact object in the launching process; and the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and is used for recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact object penetrates through the battery sample. The system can truly simulate the situation that an impactor firstly penetrates through a steel plate for protecting the battery and then is embedded in the battery. The phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact penetrates through the battery sample is recorded, and the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is subjected to impact of the impact can be evaluated by the phenomenon, so that the generated test result has good repeatability and distinctiveness.
The invention comprises the following steps:
1. constructing a battery safety test system, wherein the test system comprises a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the shot unit comprises: the device comprises a battery bracket, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the firing unit includes: the device comprises a striker exit device, a bracket for supporting the striker exit device and a striker; the monitoring unit includes: the system comprises a first camera and an impactor velocimeter; the battery bracket is used for supporting the battery clamp; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by a battery clamp; the striker exit device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and is used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of the impact object in the launching process; and the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and is used for recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact object penetrates through the battery sample, and the phenomenon is used for evaluating the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is shot by the impact object. The test system can truly simulate the condition that an impactor firstly penetrates through a steel plate for protecting the battery and then is embedded in the battery, effectively simulate the test working condition of high-speed impact or destruction of the battery when the battery is shot by the impactor, and accurately evaluate the safety of the battery when the battery is shot by the impactor according to the test result.
2. The embodiment of the invention provides a battery clamp which mainly comprises a front baffle, a rear baffle, a fixed block and a telescopic bottom beam. Wherein, a space is arranged between the front baffle and the rear baffle and is used for accommodating a battery sample; the telescopic bottom beam is used for controlling the distance between the front baffle and the rear baffle so as to clamp a battery sample. The clamp can ensure that the battery cannot fall off when being shot, and meanwhile, the clamp has good universality for batteries with different shapes so as to be beneficial to truly simulating the condition that an impactor firstly penetrates through a steel plate for protecting the battery and then is embedded in the battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1a is a diagram of a battery holder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a battery holder supporting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a schematic view of an overall layout of a field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of a battery arrangement inside an explosion-proof hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing battery safety according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a battery safety test method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a temperature measuring point layout diagram of a temperature sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and any variations thereof in the embodiments and drawings of the present invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is mainly used for evaluating the safety of the battery by analyzing the phenomenon shown after the battery is subjected to impact of an impact object. Because the battery may have open fire, explosion and other phenomena when being struck by a striker, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention needs to arrange a safe and reliable test site in advance.
Please refer to fig. 2 a. Fig. 2a is a schematic view of an overall layout of a field according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2a, the field is divided into a safe area, an unsafe area, a hazardous area and a test area. Personnel in a safety area can observe and shoot and can also conceal or operate a trigger switch of a monitoring instrument and the like; the unsafe zone is the position of the impact object, and other people except the shooting personnel cannot move in the zone; the dangerous area refers to the periphery of the area where the battery is located, fragments of the battery and the fragments of the striker can splash to the periphery after the battery is hit by the striker, equipment cannot be placed in the area, and personnel cannot be detained; the test area is an area for striking the metal-air battery with the impact objects and is mainly used for placing a test monitoring unit (an infrared imager, a temperature sensor, a high-speed camera, a digital video camera, a bullet velocimeter and an infrared distance meter), a struck unit (a battery support, a battery clamp and a battery sample) and a striking unit (the impact objects, an impact object emitting device and a support for supporting the impact object emitting device).
In addition, the periphery of the field is provided with a safe fireproof bulletproof wall, so that potential safety hazards caused by the fact that the impacting objects fly out of the field are prevented. A safety hole is formed in the rear of the shot battery, and the safety hole is used for enabling the impact object to fly into the hole when the impact object exit device is calibrated so as to improve the environmental safety; secondly, the tested battery is placed in the hole to prevent secondary combustion or explosion. The reservoir is arranged in the dangerous area and is mainly used for cooling the iron battery bracket so as to improve the test efficiency. Fire extinguishing equipment is arranged in the safety area and mainly used for extinguishing the fire source of the battery and the explosive fragments of the battery. Fig. 2b is a schematic view of a battery placement inside the explosion-proof hole according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2b, the metal-air battery is fixed on the support frame by a clamp in the explosion-proof hole.
After the arrangement in the field is completed, the establishment of a test system for the safety of the battery can be completed. The test system can truly simulate the process that the metal-air battery is hit by the impact object, and particularly can simulate the test working condition that the impact object firstly penetrates through the protective steel plate and then is embedded in the battery. Please refer to fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing battery safety according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the testing system provided in this embodiment specifically includes: the shot unit, the shooting unit and the monitoring unit; wherein, the unit is penetrated, includes: a battery holder (not shown), and a battery sample 3; a firing unit comprising: a striker exit device 8, a bracket supporting the striker exit device, and a striker (not shown in the figure); the monitoring unit comprises a first camera 5 and an impactor velocimeter 7; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a battery holder for supporting the battery clamp;
the battery sample 3 is used as a test object and is fixed by a battery clamp, and the battery clamp is arranged in the explosion-proof hole 2. In this embodiment, the battery sample is a metal air battery;
the striker exit device 8 is placed at a first set distance from the battery sample 3 and is used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter 7 is used for monitoring the speed of the impact object in the launching process after the impact object is launched from the launching port of the impact object launching device 8;
and the first camera 5 is placed at a second set distance from the battery sample 3 and is used for recording the phenomenon of the battery sample 2 after the impact object penetrates through the battery sample 3, and the phenomenon is used for evaluating the safety grade of the battery sample 3 when the impact object strikes the battery sample.
In this embodiment, the position of each unit is preferably: the distance between the striker exit port of the striker exit device and the battery entrance surface is 20 meters; the distance between the impact exit and the impact velocimeter is 1 m; the distance between the two distance measuring instruments is 1 meter; the distance between the first camera and the battery is 2.5 meters, and the included angle formed by a two-point connecting line of the first camera 5 and the battery sample 3 and a two-point connecting line of the striker exit port and the battery is about 70 degrees. And the smoke intensity tester 9 is arranged at a fourth set distance away from the battery sample, and the smoke intensity tester and the two-point connecting line of the battery sample form an included angle of 45 degrees with the two-point connecting line of the striker exit port and the battery sample. The probe monitoring line of the temperature sensor 1 penetrates from the underground, and is arranged on the inner wall of the explosion-proof hole and inside the battery, so that the fixing is firm. In addition, the test system provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises: and the infrared distance measuring instrument 4 is used for testing the distance between the units. In addition, the test system provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a second camera 6 which is placed at a third set distance from the battery sample and used for recording the change phenomenon of the battery in the whole process from the test starting point to the test ending point.
It should be noted that, the placement positions of the units in the testing system provided in this embodiment may also be arbitrarily set according to empirical values, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment. The test system can truly simulate the condition that an impactor firstly penetrates through a steel plate for protecting the battery and then is embedded in the battery, effectively simulate the test working condition of high-speed impact or destruction of the battery when the battery is shot by the impactor, and accurately evaluate the safety of the battery when the battery is shot by the impactor according to the test result.
In this embodiment, the first camera is a high-speed camera. Compared with a common camera, the high-speed camera has a faster continuous shooting speed, which can reach tens of frames or even thousands of frames per second, and the resolution of each frame is higher than that of a video camera. In this embodiment, the basic condition for evaluating the safety rating of the battery is that the striker penetrates or is embedded in the battery, and the main function of the high-speed camera is to prove that the striker is actually embedded in the battery or the battery. In addition, in the test process, some batteries can generate micro flames, the phenomenon is not enough to be checked only by a common video camera, and therefore, the micro flames are judged to be generated by the batteries or by the impactors by means of a high-speed camera.
In this embodiment, the battery sample, i.e., the shot test object, is a metal-air battery, and the metal-air battery may be a zinc-air battery, a magnesium-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, or a lithium-air battery. In terms of capacity, the air battery energy of each metal material is specified to be 500Wh, which facilitates the lateral evaluation of the safety performance of the metal-air battery. In the state of charge, the electric quantities of the single batteries and the module batteries are 100%, 50% and 0%, so that the longitudinal evaluation of the safety performance of the same battery under different electric quantity conditions is facilitated.
In order to ensure that the battery cannot fall off when being shot and meanwhile, in order that the clamp has good universality for batteries with different shapes, the embodiment provides the battery clamp which comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a fixing block and a telescopic bottom beam; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the number of the fixed blocks is 4, two of the fixed blocks are fixed at the bottom of the first baffle and used for supporting the first baffle; the other two fixing blocks are fixed at the bottom of the second baffle and used for supporting the second baffle;
the first baffle and the second baffle are oppositely arranged and are connected through the telescopic bottom beam, and the area of the first baffle is larger than that of the second baffle.
Specifically, fig. 1a is a structural diagram of a battery holder according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 1b is a schematic diagram of a battery holder supporting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1b, the support means of the battery clamp comprises supports placed opposite each other perpendicular to the ground, the tops of the two supports being provided with concave runners. As shown in fig. 1a, the battery holder mainly comprises a first baffle (a front baffle in fig. 1 a), a second baffle (a rear baffle in fig. 1 a), a telescopic bottom beam and a fixing block, which are successively arranged along the emitting direction of the striker. The front baffle is slightly larger in area and used for shielding the metal-air battery to simulate a protective layer of the metal-air battery. During the test, the striker first passes through the front baffle. The back baffle is slightly smaller in area and is used for abutting against the rear part of the battery so as to fix the battery on the clamp. Two fixed blocks are welded at the bottoms of the front baffle and the rear baffle respectively, so that the front baffle and the rear baffle can be conveniently embedded into the sliding groove of the supporting device shown in figure 1b, two telescopic bottom beams are arranged at the lower sides of the front baffle and the rear baffle for connection, and the telescopic bottom beams can be correspondingly adjusted according to different types of metal-air batteries. The installation process of the battery on the clamp comprises the following steps: and placing the battery sample on the bottom beam between the front baffle and the rear baffle, and utilizing the sliding of the fixed block in the sliding groove and the stretching of the bottom beam to firmly clamp the battery sample by the front baffle and the rear baffle.
Specifically, the bottom beam frame is made of high-temperature resistant materials; the front baffle and the rear baffle are made of tungsten steel alloy frosted materials so as to increase the friction force between the front baffle and the rear baffle and the metal air battery, and the battery is firmly placed.
After both the field and the test system are deployed, the battery firing test may be initiated. The embodiment provides a test method which is strong in operability, convenient for evaluating the safety of different metal-air batteries after being shot, and good in repeatability and distinguishability of the generated test result. Please refer to fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a battery safety test method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, before the test is just started, the battery may be charged according to the test rules, and the matching of the striker and the striker exit device may be performed. After the matching work is finished, the weather condition needs to be judged, and if the weather meets rain, snow or strong wind, the test is finished. When the weather conditions were good, the test was continued.
Before the test, the integrity of each instrument needs to be checked, the instruments which are verified to be intact are placed in place, and anti-impact object glass is additionally arranged. And then installing the battery, the baffle and the segment sensor probe on the battery clamp. After the installation is finished, if the battery is judged to have abnormal phenomena such as nature or explosion, the battery sample needs to be replaced again, namely, the installation operation of the battery is executed again. And if the abnormal phenomenon does not occur after the safety is finished, opening switches of monitoring instruments such as a temperature sensor receiver, a high-speed camera, a video camera, a thermal infrared imager and the like for monitoring. The shooting personnel start shooting operation after concealing. The specific shooting process may be: shooting is carried out by aiming at the geometric center of the battery (the striker penetrates through the battery from the direction vertical to the polar plate of the battery, and the shooting speed of the striker is not lower than 750 m/s). If the battery is not hit, the shooting operation is carried out again; if the battery is hit, the test phenomenon is recorded, and after the data in each monitoring instrument is not changed, the data in the monitoring instrument is exported, and the instrument switch is closed. Experimental conclusions were drawn by analyzing experimental phenomena and experimental data, such as cell bulge size, entrance and exit aperture diameters, etc.
In this embodiment, in order to evaluate the safety of the battery, the safety level may be classified into five levels from light to heavy by using a test phenomenon that may occur after the battery is subjected to penetration of an impact: second level safety, first level danger, second level danger, third level danger. The test phenomena corresponding to the different safety classes are shown in table 1 below. In conjunction with table 1, the safety rating of the metal-air battery can be obtained through a test phenomenon.
TABLE 1 comparison of safety rating with test phenomena
The method for distinguishing the test phenomenon comprises the following steps: (1) and (4) punching the battery by using a striker, and judging by adopting a visual observation mode. (2) The internal structure of the battery is distorted or distorted, a gamma-ray cutting tool can be adopted to cut the battery along the direction of impact of an impact object, and the damage characteristic of the internal structure of the battery is observed; (3) gas and liquid leakage can be detected by a weighing method before and after the test and a smoke intensity tester method; (4) and (5) carrying out open fire and explosion, and carrying out photographing identification by adopting a high-speed camera.
Specifically, for a metal-air battery, the safety level can be determined by employing the following safety check method:
if it is detected that the impact is not injected into the battery, the battery does not leak, and the internal structure of the battery is not changed, the safety level of the battery pile is determined to be secondary safety;
if the situation that the surface of the battery is perforated by the impact object is detected, the leakage capacity of the battery reaches a first preset threshold value, and the content structure of the battery is changed, the safety level of the battery is determined to be first-level safety;
if the situation that the surface of the battery is perforated by the impact object is detected, and the leakage capacity of the battery electric pile reaches a second preset threshold value, determining that the safety level of the battery electric pile is first-level danger; wherein the first preset threshold is smaller than the second preset threshold;
if the fact that the surface of the battery is perforated by the impact object is detected, and the fact that the battery smokes is detected, determining that the safety level of the battery is a secondary danger;
and if the fact that the surface of the battery is perforated by the impact object is detected, and the fact that the battery is exposed to the naked light and explodes is detected, determining that the safety level of the battery is three-level danger.
On the basis of the above embodiments, when evaluating the safety of the metal-air battery in the shot test, a test phenomenon test method, a battery temperature test method, and a smoke intensity test method may also be employed, and each method will be described in detail below.
The test phenomenon testing method specifically adopts a second camera, namely a digital video camera, to record the test phenomenon, and determines the safety level of the battery by analyzing the test phenomenon. As shown in fig. 3, the testing system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a second camera, disposed at a third set distance from the battery sample, for recording the battery variation phenomenon from the starting point of the test to the ending point of the test. Wherein, the second camera can be a digital camera, and the third set distance can be 2.5 meters. The digital camera mainly records the whole process of the shooting test, and can comprise the steps of being hit by a striker, whether the surface of the battery is perforated by the striker, dropping of the battery, liquid leakage, smoking, combustion, explosion, the color of leaked liquid, the change of the liquid and the bracket after the liquid is contacted with the bracket, the color of smoke, the diffusion range, the color of flame, the shape of flame, the diameter of a fireball, the length of flame, the explosive power, the number of fragments after explosion and the like.
In the present embodiment, a K-type temperature sensor is used for testing the battery temperature. On the basis of the above embodiment, the temperature sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention may be a K-type temperature sensor, which includes six temperature probes for detecting the temperature change of the battery sample at different times after being struck by the striker. The temperature index detected by the temperature sensor and the test phenomenon can be used as the standard for evaluating the safety of the battery. Specifically, the detected temperature indexes are utilized to perform further detailed classification on the batteries within the same safety level, that is, the safety levels of the batteries can be roughly classified according to the test phenomena, and then the safety levels of the batteries can be finely classified according to the temperature indexes, so that the temperature indexes and the test phenomena are interdependent and mutually verified, and the test results have good distinctiveness, and the method is one of the invention points. The temperature sensor provided in this embodiment may preferably be a K-row temperature sensor, and the layout of the detection points of the temperature sensor refers to fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 5, a measuring point a of a first probe of the K-type temperature sensor is arranged on the incident surface of the striker at a distance of 3 cm from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point b of the second probe is arranged on the exit surface of the striker and is 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point c of the third probe is arranged at the gas leakage valve of the battery; the measuring point d of the fourth probe is arranged at a position which is 12 centimeters right above the battery, so that the position which is 12 centimeters is a flame core of flame jet of a large-sized battery and an outer flame of flame jet of a small-sized battery according to test data. The measuring point e of the fifth probe is arranged at 18 cm right above the battery, and the arrangement is that the 18 cm position is the outer flame position of flame jet of the large battery according to test data; the measuring point f of the sixth probe is arranged at the front 30 degrees to the left of the battery and is 14 centimeters away from the battery, so that the 14 centimeters are the outer flames of most battery bullet holes for spraying flames.
In this embodiment, the content analyzable by the K-type temperature sensor includes: temperature profile trend, injection point temperature, ignition point temperature, temperature rise period, temperature plateau period, temperature fall period, duration of different temperature phases, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the test system provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: and the infrared imager (shown in the figure) is arranged at a position 3 meters away from the battery sample, and an included angle formed by a two-point connecting line of the battery sample and a striker exit and the two-point connecting line of the battery sample is 45 degrees for measuring temperature data.
Among them, the smoke intensity measuring method is a method in which after the battery generates smoke or smoke emission, the transmittance of a light beam in smoke is measured by the attenuation of the light intensity by the smoke, and the smoke density level is evaluated based on the magnitude of the light transmittance. Specifically, the moment when the impact object is injected into the battery can be used as a test zero point, the numerical value of the transmittance is recorded as a test end point when the transmittance begins to rise from the minimum, the acquisition frequency of the smoke intensity tester is 1 time/second, curves can be drawn for the four indexes, and the damage degree of the battery can be obtained by comparing the highest point, the lowest point, the curve trend, the curve rising and falling rates and the like of the curves of the four indexes of different batteries. It is particularly pointed out that, in order to guarantee the accuracy of the smoke intensity measuring instrument values, the test must be carried out under the conditions of no rain, snow, no wind and clear weather.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to increase the integrity of the parameters of the shot test object, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a size measuring method, which mainly includes the following three aspects:
(1) and measuring the external dimensions of the battery, such as length, width and the like by using a ruler.
(2) And measuring the size of the image derived by the field test instrument by using the infrared distance meter, and calculating according to the corresponding relation of the scale. Specifically, the infrared range finder can measure the flame size and the smoke diffusion range in the video image, and calculate the theoretical values of parameters such as the flame length and the smoke diffusion range according to a scale.
(3) The dimension measurement of the sub-ejection inlet hole and the sub-ejection outlet hole of the battery adopts an indirect measurement method, methyl red and tannic acid reagent are coated on the outer edge of the ejection outlet hole, then rice paper is used for rubbing, and after the seal on the rice paper is dried, the dimension of the maximum outer edge of the seal is measured by a vernier caliper.
The present embodiment is configured in this way, so that finer indexes under the security level, such as a smoke diffusion range and a flame length, can be obtained, and by using these indexes, the risk degrees of the batteries of the same security level can be ranked, so as to meet the requirements of adaptability of different application scenarios, which is one of the inventions of the present invention. For example: the two batteries are subjected to the shooting test, for the A user, the user only needs to know the safety level of the batteries, and the user does not need to measure fine parameters such as flame length and the like and only needs to observe the phenomenon to judge the level; for the B user, he wants to know that the battery is safer, so he needs to have finer parameters than the smoke spread range and the flame length.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to facilitate the analysis of the test phenomenon, data during the test process can be recorded. The following data can be recorded specifically: the battery testing method comprises the following steps of basic parameters of the battery (a battery number, a battery type, a battery capacity and a battery manufacturer), testing conditions (a battery serial number, penetration baffle thickness, tungsten steel plate thickness, shot distance, a striker type, a striker speed), meteorological conditions (atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction and weather condition), testing phenomena in the testing process, battery surface temperature, battery surface highest temperature and average temperature, battery bullet hole size, testing conclusion and the like.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment provides a test system for the safety of a metal-air battery, which comprises a shot unit, a shooting unit and a monitoring unit; wherein, the unit that is penetrated includes: the device comprises a battery bracket, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the firing unit includes: the device comprises a striker exit device, a bracket for supporting the striker exit device and a striker; the monitoring unit comprises a first camera and an impactor velocimeter. The battery bracket is used for supporting the battery clamp; the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by a battery clamp; the striker exit device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and is used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impact object velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of the impact object in the launching process; and the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and is used for recording the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact object penetrates through the battery sample. The system can truly simulate the situation that an impactor firstly penetrates through a steel plate for protecting the battery and then is embedded in the battery. The phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact penetrates through the battery sample is recorded, and the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is subjected to impact of the impact can be evaluated by the phenomenon, so that the generated test result has good repeatability and distinctiveness.
The above detailed description is provided for the test system of battery safety disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, and the principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A test system for metal-air battery safety is characterized by comprising: the shot unit, the shooting unit and the monitoring unit; wherein the irradiated unit includes: the device comprises a battery bracket, a battery clamp and a battery sample; the firing unit includes: the device comprises a striker exit device, a bracket for supporting the striker exit device and a striker; the monitoring unit includes: the system comprises a first camera and an impactor velocimeter; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the battery bracket is used for supporting the battery clamp;
the battery sample is used as a test object and is fixed by the battery clamp, and the battery sample is a metal air battery;
the striker emergence device is placed at a first set distance away from the battery sample and used for launching the striker to the direction vertical to the battery polar plate; the impactor velocimeter is used for monitoring the speed of the impactor in the launching process;
the first camera is placed at a second set distance away from the battery sample and used for recording a phenomenon of the battery sample after an impactor penetrates through the battery sample, and the phenomenon is used for evaluating the safety level of the battery sample when the battery sample is subjected to impact of the impactor;
wherein the phenomenon of the battery sample after the impact of the impact object comprises one or more of the following phenomena:
the surface of the battery is perforated by a striker, the internal structure of the battery is changed, the battery leaks gas or liquid, the gas or liquid is toxic, open fire occurs, and explosion occurs after the open fire occurs;
the battery clamp comprises a first baffle, a second baffle, a fixed block and a telescopic bottom beam; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the number of the fixed blocks is 4, two of the fixed blocks are fixed at the bottom of the first baffle and used for supporting the first baffle; the other two fixing blocks are fixed at the bottom of the second baffle and used for supporting the second baffle;
along the direction of the exit of the impact object, the first baffle and the second baffle are successively and oppositely arranged and are connected through the telescopic bottom beam, and the area of the first baffle is larger than that of the second baffle.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises:
the second camera is placed at a third set distance away from the battery sample and used for recording the change phenomenon of the battery in the whole process from the starting point of the test to the end of the test;
wherein the change phenomenon comprises one or more of the following: including being hit by the striker, the battery falls, weeping, smoking, burning, exploding, the color of the spilled liquid, the change of the liquid and the bracket after contacting, the color of the smoke, the diffusion range, the color of the flame, the shape of the flame, the fireball diameter, the flame length and the number of fragments after the explosion.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises:
the temperature sensor comprises six temperature probes and is used for detecting the temperature change conditions of the battery sample at different moments after the battery sample is shot by a striker;
wherein, the measuring point of the first probe is arranged on the incident surface of the impact object and is 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point of the second probe is arranged on the emergent surface of the striker and is 3 cm away from the geometric center of the battery; a measuring point of the third probe is arranged at the position of the air leakage valve of the battery; a measuring point of the fourth probe is arranged at a position 12 cm right above the battery; the measuring point of the fifth probe is arranged at a position 18 cm right above the battery; the measurement point of the sixth probe is arranged 30 ° to the left of the front of the battery, at a distance of 14 cm from the battery.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the impactor speed measuring instruments is two, namely a first impactor speed measuring instrument and a second impactor speed measuring instrument which are respectively arranged in front of and behind the impactor launching direction;
the distance between the first impactor velocimeter and the second impactor velocimeter is 1 meter;
the distance between the second impactor speed meter and the impactor exit is 1 meter;
the distance between the striker exit port and the battery entrance surface is 20 meters.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the testing system further comprises:
the smoke intensity tester is arranged at a fourth set distance from the battery sample, an included angle formed by a two-point connecting line of the smoke intensity tester and the battery sample and a two-point connecting line of the striker exit port and the battery sample is 45 degrees, and the smoke intensity tester is used for detecting whether the battery sample generates smoke when being shot by the striker so as to determine the safety grade of the battery sample when being shot by the striker.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first baffle and the second baffle are each a tungsten steel alloy frosted material.
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