CN113929082B - 一种制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的方法及其过氧化物酶活性的应用 - Google Patents
一种制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的方法及其过氧化物酶活性的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的方法及其过氧化物酶活性的应用,它涉及一种水稻秸秆制备碳量子点纳米酶的方法以及利用其过氧化物酶活性在生物分析中的应用。本发明的目的是要解决目前具有过氧化物酶活性的碳量子点纳米酶合成成本高以及水稻秸秆资源浪费较为严重的问题。制备方法:以水稻秸秆为原料,无水氯化镁为修饰剂,通过水热合成法制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶。应用方法:将制备的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶加入到经黄嘌呤氧化酶孵育后的黄嘌呤溶液中,以3`3`5`5`‑四甲基联苯胺作为显色底物,进行吸光度检测。本发明制备的秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性好、成本低、易分离提纯,以其过氧化物酶活性为基础建立的检测体系灵敏度高、选择性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物质碳纳米材料、生物分析技术领域,涉及一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶材料的制备及其过氧化物酶活性的应用。
背景技术
秸秆是水稻等农作物收获籽实后的剩余部分,是一种可再生利用的生物质资源。目前,焚烧为处理秸秆的主要方式之一,这不仅给环境带来了极大破坏,而且浪费了许多生物质资源。因此采用简便、低成本、绿色环保的方式对秸秆回收再利用值得深入研究。
天然过氧化物酶是以过氧化氢为电子受体,催化底物氧化的酶。传统的天然过氧化物酶已被用于血糖试纸、临床医学和免疫学等领域。然而,天然过氧化物酶虽然具有较强的催化效率,但是其活性易受温度和储存条件的影响,这限制了天然过氧化物酶的应用范围。此外,由于天然过氧化物酶在生物体中含量较少,其分离、纯化等过程不仅困难而且成本较高。因此开发具有较强过氧化物酶活性并且易合成分离、成本低的纳米材料成为了研究的热门。
纳米酶,是一种具有类酶催化活性的纳米材料。相比于天然酶,纳米酶具有高稳定性、易于储存、低成本的特点逐渐被应用于生物分析领域。碳量子点纳米酶是碳基纳米酶的分支,由于其具有卓越的水分散性、易于合成和表面修饰的优点被广泛应用于纳米酶的领域。利用生物质废弃物为原料制备生物质碳量子点纳米酶,相比于传统的固体碳材料和有机小分子碳源,具有经济、绿色环保的优点。并且生物质中具有丰富的羧基、羰基等官能团,为碳量子点纳米酶的表面修饰提供了可能。
发明专利CN 112827482 A公开了一种使用丙氨酸作为碳源,制备碳量子点过氧化物模拟酶的方法,但是该方法所用的丙氨酸成本较高。发明专利CN 109679651 A公开了一种使用柠檬酸和硝酸铁作为原料,制备具有过氧化物模拟酶性质的铁掺杂碳点的方法,但是该方法所用的柠檬酸作为碳源,成本较高;制备中使用的硝酸铁在柠檬酸的环境中具有较强氧化性,存在一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要解决目前具有过氧化物酶活性的碳量子点纳米酶合成成本高和水稻秸秆资源浪费较为严重的问题。据此提供了一种制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的方法及其过氧化物酶活性的应用。本专利以水稻秸秆为碳源,无水氯化镁为修饰剂,通过水热合成法制备出具有过氧化物酶活性的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶,实现了水稻秸秆的高价值转化、生物质废弃物回收利用。
一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的制备方法,具体是按照以下步骤完成:
一、水稻秸秆的预处理过程:将水稻秸秆用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤一次后转移到烘箱中干燥,待水稻秸秆完全干燥后使用高速粉碎机将干燥后的水稻秸秆制成粉末;步骤中所述超纯水和无水乙醇的体积为刚好没过水稻秸秆;
二、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的制备过程:将水稻秸秆、无水氯化镁、超纯水混合后转移到内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢高压反应釜中,反应时间设置为350min~370min,温度设定为170℃~190℃;反应结束后冷却至室温;步骤中所述水稻秸秆粉末与无水氯化镁质量比为1mg:(0.5mg~1.5mg);步骤中所述水稻秸秆粉末质量与超纯水体积比为1mg:(0.1mL~0.2mL);
三、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的纯化过程:将冷却后反应釜中的混合物以5500rpm~6000rpm的转速离心14min~16min,之后将上清液经过微孔滤膜过滤后得到淡黄色液体;将液体通过透析袋(3000Da~3500Da)透析46h~50h;将透析袋外部溶液通过旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥得到水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶固体。
一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,具体按以下步骤完成:
一、过氧化氢标准溶液浓度的检测:将10mmol/L~20mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL与0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL混合后加入不同浓度的过氧化氢溶液400μL;用醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=4.0,0.1mol/L)稀释至800μL,室温下静置6min~12min;记录不同浓度过氧化氢溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;步骤一混合溶液中过氧化氢溶液的浓度为0.1μmol/L~80μmol/L;
二、黄嘌呤标准溶液浓度的检测:将不同浓度的黄嘌呤溶液400μL与黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液(2.5U/mL)10μL混合,用PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4,0.01mol/L)稀释至500μL,在37℃的环境下孵育3min~7min;加入10mmol/L~20mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL和0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL,用醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=4.0,0.1mol/L)稀释至800μL,室温下静置6min~12min;记录不同浓度黄嘌呤溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;步骤二混合溶液中黄嘌呤溶液的浓度为0.2μmol/L~80μmol/L;
三、人尿液样品中黄嘌呤浓度的检测:取人尿液置于90℃~95℃的水浴中5min~10min;加入无水氯化钡,使用快速混匀器混匀3min~5min;加入无水硫酸钠,以10000rpm~12000rpm的转速离心13min~16min;离心后取上清液用微孔滤膜过滤;按上述步骤二检测黄嘌呤的方法对样品进行测试;步骤三尿液体积与无水氯化钡的质量比为1ml:(0.2mg~0.3mg);步骤三尿液体积与无水硫酸钠的质量比为1ml:(0.13mg~0.16mg)。
本发明优点:1、本方法以水稻秸秆作为生物质碳源,将廉价的生物质废弃物转化为高价值的生物质碳量子点纳米酶;2、制备水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的方法可操作性强,环境友好;3、制备的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶在水中分散性好,并且易分离纯化,具有在生物分析领域应用的潜在优势;4、以水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性为基础建立的检测体系灵敏度高,检出限低至0.08μmol/L,并且选择性好。
附图说明
图1是实施例1水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶透射电镜图;由图1可以看出,秸秆碳量子点纳米酶为球状结构且在水中分散性良好;
图2是实施例1水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的X射线光电子谱图;图2中碳量子点纳米酶在51.08eV,89.98eV,199.48eV,284.98eV,532.88eV,1304.78eV处出现六个强峰,分别归因于Mg2p,Mg2s,Cl2p,C1s,O1s,Mg1s说明镁、氯元素成功掺杂到水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶中;
图3是测试实施例1水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶具有类酶催化功能的示意图;图中a为水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶、过氧化氢、3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺体系,图中b为过氧化氢、3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺体系,图中c为水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶、3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺体系;由图3可知,在过氧化氢和3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺均存在的环境中,含有水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶体系的催化响应程度要远高于不含有水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的体系;
图4是测试实施例1水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的模拟酶类型图;分别使用超氧化物歧化酶、组氨酸、异丙醇作为超氧根自由基、单态氧、羟基自由基的清除剂;由图4可知,相比于空白体系,含有超氧化物歧化酶、组氨酸体系的催化活性没有明显变化,只有含有异丙醇的体系活性明显下降,原因是水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶催化过氧化氢生成的羟基自由基被异丙醇所清除;说明水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶具有过氧化物酶活性;
图5左图是实施例2中水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶在3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺和不同浓度过氧化氢体系的紫外-可见吸收曲线图;图5右图是对应于图5左图的紫外-可见吸收曲线在652nm处的吸光度与过氧化氢浓度的线性关系曲线图;以催化反应体系652nm处的吸光度为纵坐标,过氧化氢浓度为横坐标,通过Origin2019软件作图,结果如图5右图所示;过氧化氢的浓度在0.1μmol/L~80μmol/L的范围内时,随着过氧化氢浓度增加,吸光度呈线性增加,说明该水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶可以完成以过氧化氢为底物的生命活性物质的精确检测;
图6左图是实施例2中水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶在3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺和不同浓度黄嘌呤体系的紫外-可见吸收曲线图;图6右图是对应于图6左图的紫外-可见吸收曲线在652nm处的吸光度与黄嘌呤浓度的线性关系曲线图;以催化反应体系652nm处的吸光度(Abs)为纵坐标,黄嘌呤浓度(C)为横坐标,通过Origin2019软件作图,结果如图6右图所示;黄嘌呤的浓度在0.2μmol/L~80μmol/L的范围内时,随着黄嘌呤浓度增加,吸光度呈线性增加,线性回归方程为Abs=0.00799C+0.0239(R2=0.998),该方法对黄嘌呤检出限为0.08μmol/L;
图7是测试实施例2中检测体系选择性的图:Na+,K+,Ca2+,SO4 2-,CO3 2-,葡萄糖,胆固醇,甘氨酸,半胱氨酸,肌氨酸,尿酸,尿素,色氨酸,赖氨酸,精氨酸,亮氨酸,在反应体系中的浓度均为2mmol/L,黄嘌呤的浓度为80μmol/L;如图7所示,除了含有黄嘌呤的体系,其他测试物质对体系吸光度的变化影响可以忽略不计,这表明建立的方法选择性高。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本实施方式是一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的制备方法,具体是按以下步骤完成的:
一、水稻秸秆的预处理过程:将水稻秸秆用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤一次后转移到烘箱中干燥,待水稻秸秆完全干燥后使用高速粉碎机将干燥后的水稻秸秆制成粉末;步骤中所述超纯水和无水乙醇的体积为刚好没过水稻秸秆;
二、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的制备过程:将200mg水稻秸秆粉末、200mg无水氯化镁、30mL超纯水混合后转移到内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢高压反应釜中,反应时间设置为360min,温度设定为180℃;反应结束后冷却至室温;
三、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的纯化过程:将冷却后反应釜中的混合物以6000rpm的转速离心15min,之后将上清液经过微孔滤膜过滤后得到淡黄色液体;将液体通过透析袋(3500Da)透析48h;将透析袋外部溶液通过旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥得到水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶固体。
实施例2:
本实施方式是一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,具体按以下步骤完成的:
一、过氧化氢标准溶液浓度的检测:将15mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL与2mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL混合后加入不同浓度的过氧化氢溶液400μL;用醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=4.0,0.1mol/L)稀释至800μL,室温下静置10min;记录不同浓度过氧化氢溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;
二、黄嘌呤标准溶液浓度的检测:将不同浓度的黄嘌呤溶液400μL与黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液(2.5U/mL)10μL混合,用PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4,0.01mol/L)稀释至500μL,在37℃的环境下孵育5min;加入15mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL和2mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL,用醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=4.0,0.1mol/L)稀释至800μL,室温下静置10min;记录不同浓度黄嘌呤溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;
三、人尿液样品中黄嘌呤浓度的检测:取人尿液30mL置于95℃的水浴中10min;加入无水氯化钡7.5mg,使用快速混匀器混匀5min;加入无水硫酸钠5mg,以11000rpm的转速离心15min;离心后取上清液用微孔滤膜过滤;按上述步骤二检测黄嘌呤的方法对样品进行测试。
Claims (5)
1.一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,其特征在于它按以下步骤完成的:
一、水稻秸秆的预处理过程:将水稻秸秆用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤一次后转移到烘箱中干燥,待水稻秸秆完全干燥后使用高速粉碎机将干燥后的水稻秸秆制成粉末;步骤中所述超纯水和无水乙醇的体积为刚好没过水稻秸秆;
二、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的制备过程:将水稻秸秆、无水氯化镁、超纯水混合后转移到内衬为聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢高压反应釜中,反应时间设置为350min~370min,温度设定为170℃~190℃;反应结束后冷却至室温;步骤中所述水稻秸秆粉末与无水氯化镁质量比为1mg:(0.5mg~1.5mg);步骤中所述水稻秸秆粉末质量与超纯水体积比为1mg:(0.1mL~0.2mL);
三、水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的纯化过程:将冷却后反应釜中的混合物以5500rpm~6000rpm的转速离心14min~16min,之后将上清液经过微孔滤膜过滤后得到淡黄色液体;将液体通过3000Da~3500Da透析袋透析46h~50h;将透析袋外部溶液通过旋转蒸发浓缩,冷冻干燥得到水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶固体;
四、过氧化氢标准溶液浓度的检测:将10mmol/L~20mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL与0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL混合后加入不同浓度的过氧化氢溶液400μL;用pH=4.0且浓度为0.1mol/L的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液稀释至800μL,室温下静置6min~12min;记录不同浓度过氧化氢溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;步骤中混合溶液中过氧化氢溶液的浓度为0.1μmol/L~80μmol/L;
五、黄嘌呤标准溶液浓度的检测:将不同浓度的黄嘌呤溶液400μL与2.5U/mL的黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液10μL混合,用pH=7.4且浓度为0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶液稀释至500μL,在37℃的环境下孵育3min~7min;加入10mmol/L~20mmol/L的3`3`5`5`-四甲基联苯胺溶液40μL和0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL的水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶水溶液20μL,用pH=4.0且浓度为0.1mol/L的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液稀释至800μL,室温下静置6min~12min;记录不同浓度黄嘌呤溶液体系在350nm~800nm的吸收光谱和对应652nm处的吸光度值;步骤中混合溶液中黄嘌呤溶液的浓度为0.2μmol/L~80μmol/L;
六、人尿液样品中黄嘌呤浓度的检测:取人尿液置于90℃~95℃的水浴中5min~10min;加入无水氯化钡,使用快速混匀器混匀3min~5min;加入无水硫酸钠,以10000rpm~12000rpm的转速离心13min~16min;离心后取上清液用微孔滤膜过滤;按上述步骤五检测黄嘌呤的方法对样品进行测试;步骤中尿液体积与无水氯化钡的质量比为1ml:(0.2mg~0.3mg);步骤中尿液体积与无水硫酸钠的质量比为1ml:(0.13mg~0.16mg)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,其特征在于步骤三中所述微孔滤膜的孔径为0.22μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,其特征在于步骤三中所述经3000Da~3500Da透析袋透析,在55℃~65℃下旋转蒸发浓缩。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,其特征在于步骤四和步骤五中所述室温为20.4℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻秸秆碳量子点纳米酶的过氧化物酶活性的应用过程,其特征在于步骤六中所述微孔滤膜的孔径为0.22μm。
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