CN1139254C - 用于合成和显示mpeg-4视频节目的终端 - Google Patents
用于合成和显示mpeg-4视频节目的终端 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种在多媒体终端(100)合成和显示使用MPEG-4标准的多媒体节目的方法和设备。合成引擎(120)保持和更新当前目标的景物图形(124),包括它们在景物中的相对位置和它们的特性,并且提供相应的要显示的目标列表(126)到显示引擎(150)。响应中,显示引擎开始检索存储在相应的合成缓冲器(176,…,186)中相应的译码目标数据。显示引擎集成译码的目标,以提供显示的景物到输出装置如视频监控器(240)和扬声器(242)上或者用于存储。终端管理器(110)接收用户命令,并且因此使得合成引擎更新景物图形和目标的列表。终端管理器还转送包含在目标描述符中的信息到合成引擎的景物译码器(122)。
Description
本发明的背景技术
本申请要求申请日为1998年6月26日、申请号为No.60/090,845的美国临时专利申请的权益。
本发明涉及合成和显示使用MPEG-4(活动图像专家组)标准的多媒体视频节目的方法和设备。尤其是,本发明提供一种结构,其中多媒体景物的合成和它的显示由两个不同的实体,即“合成引擎”和“显示引擎”处理。
MPEG-4通讯标准在例如ISO/IEC 14496-1(1999)中进行描述。包括:信息技术-甚低比特率视听编码-第一部分”系统;ISO/IECJTC1/SC29/WG11,MPEG-4视频校验模型版本7.0(1997年2月);以及ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N2725,MPEG-4概述(1999年3月/汉城,韩国)。
MPEG-4通讯标准允许用户与来自常规的源如活动视频或来自合成的(计算机产生的)源的景物内的视频和音频目标(object)相互作用。例如,用户可以通过删除、增加或重新定位目标或者改变目标的特性如大小、颜色和形状来修改景物。
术语“多媒体目标”包括了音频和/或视频目标。
目标可以独立地存在,或者与称为“合成”的分组中景物的其它目标连接。景物中可视目标在两维或三维空间中有一个位置,而音频目标可以位于声音空间中。
MPEG-4使用称为景物的二进制格式(BIFS)的语法结构来描述和动态地改变景物。必需的合成信息形成景物描述(scenedescription),它被编码并且与媒体目标一起传送。BIFS基于VRML(虚拟现实建模语言)。另外,为了便于编辑、操作和交互作用工具的开发,景物描述独立于与原始的媒体目标有关的流进行编码。
例如BIFS命令可以在景物上增加或删除目标,或者改变目标的视觉或声音特性。BIFS命令也定义、更新和定位目标。例如,视觉特性如目标的颜色或大小可以被改变,或者说可以给目标加上特技。
这些目标放在基本流(ES)中传输,例如在宽带通讯网络如有线电视或卫星电视网络中从开始端到译码器组,或者在点对点因特网通讯会话中从服务器到客户机PC。每个目标在一个或多个有关的ES中传送。例如,可伸缩的目标可以具有两个ES,而不可伸缩的目标具有一个ES。包括BIFS数据的描述景物的数据在它自己的ES中传送。
另外,MPEG-4定义了用于目标描述符(OD)的结构,该描述符通知接收系统这些ES与接收景物中的目标有关。OD包含基本流描述符(ESD),以通知系统这些译码器需要译码一个流。OD在它们自己的ES中传送并且随着景物改变可以动态地增加或删除。
在发送终端的同步层将各个ES分段为信息包,并且将定时信息加到这些信息包的有效负荷(payload)中。然后,这些信息包传递到传输层并且随后到达网络层,用于与一个或多个接收终端通讯。
在接收终端,同步层分析所接收的信息包,集成景物所要求的各个ES,并且使它们可用于一个或多个适当的译码器。
译码器从编码器时钟获得定时信息,输入流的时间标记包括译码时间标记和合成时间标记。
MPEG-4没有定义具体的传输机构,MPEG-2传输流、异步传送模式或因特网的实时传送协议(RTP)应该是适当的选择。
MPEG-4工具“FlexMux”不需要每个数据流有一个独立的信道。另一个工具(数字媒体接口格式-DMIF)提供公共接口,根据服务质量(QoS)因数连接不同的源,包括广播信道、交互式会话以及本地存储介质。
另外,MPEG-4允许使用适合于低比特率环境的二进制形状编码或者适合于较高质量内容的灰度级编码来描述任意的可视形状。
然而,MPEG-4没有规定形状和音频目标如何分别地被提取和准备用于显示或播放。
因此,最好提供一种通用的结构用于能够接收和显示符合MPEG-4标准节目的译码系统。
该终端应该能够合成和显示MPEG-4节目。
多媒体景物的合成和它的显示应该分为两个实体,即合成引擎和显示引擎。
以BIFS格式接收的景物合成数据应该在合成引擎中被译码和转换为景物图形。
该系统应该将经过BIFS流或经过本地交互作用接收的景物的更新加入到合成引擎中的景物图形中。
合成引擎应该可以应用多媒体目标(包括可显示和/或可听的目标)列表到显示引擎,在每个显示时刻之前足以用于显示。
显示引擎应该读出由列表显示的目标,检索来自内容译码器的目标,以及提供目标到适当的缓冲器(例如,显示和音频缓冲器)。
内容的合成和显示最好独立地完成,以致于显示引擎在存取可显示目标之前不必等待合成引擎完成它的任务。
终端应该适用于宽带通讯网络如有线电视和卫星电视网络以及计算机网络如因特网。
终端也应该响应用户的输入。
该系统应该独立于基础传输、网络和链路协议。
本发明提供具有上面和其它优点的系统。
本发明的概述
本发明涉及合成和显示使用MPEG-4标准的多媒体视频节目的方法和设备。
多媒体终端包括终端管理器、合成引擎、内容译码器以及显示引擎。合成引擎保持和更新当前目标的景物图形,包括它们在景物中的相对位置和它们的特性,以将要显示或播放的目标列表提供给显示引擎。目标列表由显示引擎使用,以检索存储在内容译码器相应的合成缓冲器的译码目标数据。
显示引擎根据列表集成译码的目标以提供用于显示的景物,例如分别在显示装置和音频装置上显示和播放,或者在存储介质上存储。
终端管理器接收用户命令并且使得合成引擎根据用户命令更新景物图形和目标列表。
另外,内容的合成和显示最好独立地完成(即具有独立的控制线程)。
具有优点的是,独立的控制线程允许显示引擎开始检索相应的译码多媒体目标,而合成引擎恢复来自位流的附加的景物描述信息和/或处理提供给它的附加的目标描述符信息。
合成引擎和显示引擎应该能够经过接口相互通讯,该接口便于在它们之间传递消息和其它数据。
本发明公开了用于接收和处理多媒体数据位流的终端和相应的方法。
附图的简要说明
图1表示根据本发明能够接收和显示符合MPEG-4标准的节目的多媒体接收机终端的一般结构。
图2表示根据本发明图1的终端结构的显示过程。
本发明的详细说明
本发明涉及用于合成和显示使用MPEG-4标准的多媒体视频节目的方法和设备。
图1说明了根据本发明能够接收和显示符合MPEG-4标准的节目的多媒体接收机终端的一般结构。
根据MPEG-4系统标准,景物描述信息被编码为称为BIFS(景物的二进制格式)的二进制格式。该BIFS数据在经过通讯信道发送到终端100之前,在传输现场如有线电视和/或卫星电视开始端或者在计算机网络的服务器上被打包和多路复用。数据可以发送到单个终端或终端组。另外,数据可以经过开放式存取网络或经过用户网络发送。
景物描述信息描述了景物的逻辑结构,并且表示目标如何被分组。特别地,MPEG-4景物遵守分级结构,该结构可以表示为直接的非环形(树)图形,这里,图形的每个节点或一组节点表示一个媒体目标。树结构不一定是固定的,因为节点属性(例如位置参数)可以改变而节点可以增加、替换或去除。
景物描述信息也可以表示如何在空间上和时间上定位目标。在MPEG-4模型中,目标具有空间上和时间上的特性。每个目标具有一个本地坐标系,其中目标具有固定的时空位置和比例。通过规定从目标的本地坐标系到由树中多个原始景物描述节点定义的全球坐标系的坐标转换而在景物中定位目标。
景物描述信息也可以表示属性值选择。各个媒体目标和景物描述节点将一组参数呈现到合成层,经过该层可以控制它们的部分性能。例子包括了声音的音调、合成目标的颜色,可伸缩编码的增强信息的激活和撤销等。
景物描述信息也可以表示媒体目标上的其它转换。景物描述结构和节点语义很受VRML的影响,包括它的事件模型。这提供给MPEG-4一组扩展的景物结构运算符,包括可以用于构造复杂景物的原始图形。
MPEG-4的“多路复用转换器(TransMux)”(传输多路复用)层构造了提供匹配于所需QoS的传输服务的层。只有到这层的接口由MPEG-4定义。数据包和控制信号的具体映射可以使用任何需要的传输协议来实现。任何适当的现有传输协议堆栈如实时传送协议(RTP)/用户数据报协议(UDP)/因特网协议(IP)、ATM自适应层(AAL5)/异步传送模式(ATM)或经过适当链路层的MPEG-2的传输流可以成为具体的多路复用转换器的实例。将选择留给终端用户/服务供应商,并且允许MPEG-4使用在各种工作环境下。
在本例中,仅仅为了说明,假定用ATM自适应层105来传输的情况。
在多媒体终端100的输入端接收多路复用分组流。来自目标描述符ES的、以ObjectDescriptor开始的各种描述符例如在分析器112中分析。包含在第一个目标描述符(称为InitialObjectDescriptor)中的基本流描述符(ESDescriptor)包含由输入的多路复用流定位景物描述流(BIFS流)的指针(pointer)。在广播的情况下,BIFS流由输入的多路复用流定位。对于因特网类型的情况,其中有一个从MPEG-4终端到基础网络的保证返回信道连接,BIFS流可以从远程服务器检索。关于各种基本流的信息包含在ObjectDescriptor和它的相关描述符中。详细内容可以参见在此作为参考的ISO/IEC CD 14496-1:信息技术-甚低比特率视听编码-第一部分:系统(MPEG-4系统委员会草案)。
分析器112集成在终端管理器110中,它是分析各种描述符的通用的位流分析器。
在BIFS景物译码器122上接收包含景物描述信息的BIFS位流,景物译码器122作为合成引擎120的组成部分示出。编码的基本内容流(包括视频、音频、图形、文本等)根据包含在接收的描述符中的信息发送到它们相应的译码器中。用于基本内容或目标流的译码器归在标注为“内容译码器”的单元130中。
例如,目标-1基本流(ES)发送到输入译码缓冲器-1 133,而目标-N ES发送到译码缓冲器-N 143。相应的目标例如在目标-1的译码器154,…,目标-N的译码器164中译码,并且提供给相应的输出端,即合成缓冲器例如合成缓冲器-1 176,…,合成缓冲器-N 186。可以根据译码时间标记(DTS)信息来安排译码。
注意,来自两个或多个译码缓冲器的数据可能与一个译码器有关,例如对于可伸缩目标。
合成引擎120完成各种功能。特别是,当接收的基本流是BIFS流时,合成引擎120使用BIFS景物译码器122的输出,在景物图形功能块124上创建和/或更新景物图形。景物图形提供景物合成的完整信息,包括目标显示的类型和目标的相对位置。例如,景物图形所表示的景物可以包括一个或多个人和合成的、计算机产生的两维背景,以及景物中人员的位置。
当接收的基本流是BIFSAnimation流时,景物图形分量的适当的时空属性在景物图形功能块124上更新。这样,合成引擎120保持景物图形和它的分量的状态。
在景物图形功能块124中,合成引擎120创建由显示引擎150显示的视频目标126的列表,以及由显示引擎150播放的可听目标的列表。一般来说,视频和音频目标被认为在适当的输出装置上“显示”。例如,视频目标可以在视频屏幕上播放,如电视屏幕或计算机监控器,而音频目标可以经过扬声器产生。当然,目标也可以存储在记录装置上,如计算机的硬盘驱动器或数字视盘上,而不需要用户实际上观看或收听它们。这样,显示引擎提供处于一种状态的目标,在该状态它们可以显示在某些最终的输出装置上,用于立刻观看/收听和/或随后使用的存储。
另外,这里使用术语“列表”来表示任何类型的列表而不考虑具体的实现方式。例如,该列表可以提供作为所有目标的单个列表,或者单独的列表可以提供,用于不同的目标类型(例如,视频或音频),或者多个列表可以提供,用于每一种目标类型。目标的列表是景物图形信息的简化型式。仅对于显示引擎150重要的是能够使用列表来识别目标并且发送它们到适当的基础描绘(rendering)引擎。
显示的多媒体景物可以包括单个静止的视频帧或者视频帧序列。
合成引擎120管理列表,并且一般只有它是被允许直接修改列表中的入口的实体。
一些可显示目标能够以译码的格式在合成缓冲器176,…,186中使用。如果这样,它在目标126的列表中用目标描述来表示。
合成引擎120以适时的方式将列表提供到显示引擎150,使得显示引擎150可以根据节目规定所需的显示速率在所需的时刻显示景物。显示引擎150通过从缓冲器176,…,186检索译码的目标并且提供译码的视频目标到显示缓冲器160,以及通过提供译码的音频目标到音频缓冲器170来显示景物。目标随后分别出现在显示装置和扬声器上和/或存储在记录装置中。显示引擎150使用公知的时间标记技术如合成时间标记(CTS)以预置的显示速率检索译码的目标。
合成引擎120还将来自景物图形功能块124的景物图形信息提供到显示引擎150。然而,提供的目标的简化列表允许显示引擎开始检索译码的目标。
这样,合成引擎120管理景物图形。根据一些因素它更新景物图形中目标的属性,这些因素包括:用户交互作用或规定;作为景物图形本身一部分的景物图形中目标的预定时空性能;以及在BIFS流上接收的命令,如BIFS更新或BIFSAnimation命令。
合成引擎120还负责由终端100分配给这个特别应用的译码缓冲器133,…,143和合成缓冲器176,…,186的管理。例如,合成引擎120确保这些缓冲器不上溢或不下溢。合成引擎120还可以例如根据MPEG-4一致性规定实现缓冲器控制策略。
终端管理器11O包括事件管理器114、应用程序管理器116和时钟118。
多媒体应用程序可以驻留在称为应用程序管理器116的终端管理器110中。例如这些应用程序可以包括运行在PC上的用户友好软件,它允许用户操作景物上的目标。
终端管理器110管理经过适当的接口与外部世界的通讯。例如,通过负责用户输入事件的示范接口165,事件管理器114负责监控用户接口以及检测相关的事件。用户输入事件包括例如鼠标移动和揿击、键盘揿击、操作杆移动或来自其它输入装置的信号。
终端管理器110传递用户输入事件到合成引擎120,以便适当地控制。例如,用户可以输入命令在景物图形中重新定位或改变某些目标的属性。
用户接口事件在某些情况下不能处理,例如对于没有交互内容的纯粹广播节目。
图1的终端功能块可以使用任何公知的硬件、固件和/或软件来实现。另外,所示的各种功能块不必是独立的,可以共享公共的硬件、固件和/或软件。例如,分析器112可以在终端管理器110以外,例如设置在合成引擎120中。
注意,内容译码器130和合成引擎120在它们独立的控制线程(例如,控制周期或环路)不相互影响的意义上相互独立地运行。有益的是,通过分开合成和显示线程,在显示引擎从缓冲器176,…,186中存取(例如开始检索)可显示目标之前,显示引擎不必等待合成引擎完成它的任务(例如,恢复附加的景物描述信息或处理目标描述符)。这样,显示引擎150在它自己的线程上运行并且以它所需的显示速率显示目标,而不管合成引擎120是否完成它的任务。
基本流译码器154,…,164也独立于显示和合成引擎,运行在它们各自的控制线程上。使用如MPEG-2和MPEG-4标准公知的常规的时间标记如DTS、CTS和PTS数据可以使得译码与合成之间同步。
图2表示根据本发明图1的终端结构的显示过程。
由目标126的列表,显示引擎150获得可显示(例如视频目标)和可收听(例如音频目标)的列表。如所讨论的,可显示和可收听的列表由合成引擎120创建和保持。
显示引擎150还提供要显示的目标到适当的帧缓冲器。可显示目标提供到显示缓冲器160,而可收听目标提供到音频缓冲器170。为此目的,显示引擎150与MPEG-4标准中公开的较低级别描绘数据库相互配合。
显示引擎150将合成缓冲器176,…,186中的内容在提供到显示或音频缓冲器160、170之前转换为适当的格式,用于分别在显示器240和音频播放机242上显现。
显示引擎150还负责可显示内容的有效描绘,包括描绘的最佳化,所提供数据的可伸缩性等。
因此,可以看出本发明提供了合成和显示使用MPEG-4标准的多媒体节目的方法和设备。多媒体终端包括终端管理器、合成引擎、内容译码器以及显示引擎。合成引擎保持和更新当前目标的景物图形,包括它们在景物中的位置和它们的特性,以提供要显示的目标的列表到显示引擎。显示引擎根据时间标记信息从内容译码缓冲器检索相应的目标。
显示引擎根据列表来集成译码的目标,以提供景物,将景物在显示装置如视频监控器和扬声器上显现,和/或将景物存储在存储装置中。
终端管理器接收用户命令并且根据用户命令使得合成引擎更新景物图形和目标列表。终端管理器还转送目标描述符到合成引擎中的景物译码器。
另外,合成引擎和显示引擎最好运行在独立的控制线程上。可以提供适当的接口定义,以使得合成引擎和显示引擎能够相互通讯。使用本领域的普通技术人员公知的技术所开发的这种接口使得在显示引擎和合成引擎之间能够传递消息和数据。
虽然结合各种具体的实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域的普通技术人员将理解,可以进行许多改进和修改而不会背离权利要求所确定的本发明的精神和范围。
例如,尽管这里已经讨论了各种语法元素,但是应该注意它们只是例子而已,可以使用任何的语法。
另外,尽管结合MPEG-4标准讨论了本发明,但是应该理解这里公开的概念可以适用于任何类似的通讯标准,包括当前MPEG-4标准的派生。
另外,本发明还适用于实际上的任何类型的网络,包括有线电视或卫星电视宽带通讯网络,局域网(LAN)、城域网(MAN)、广域网(WAN)、互联网络、企业网络和因特网,或者它们的组合。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于接收和处理多媒体数据位流的终端,包括:
终端管理器;
合成引擎;
多个内容译码器;以及
显示引擎;其中:
所述的内容译码器恢复和译码来自位流的相应基本流的多媒体目标;
所述多媒体目标包括视频目标和音频目标中至少一个用于多媒体景物的显示;
所述的合成引擎恢复来自位流的景物描述信息,它定义具体的一个在多媒体景物中将要提供的恢复的多媒体目标,以及在多媒体景物中恢复的多媒体目标的特性;
所述的终端管理器恢复来自位流的目标描述符信息,它将所恢复的多媒体目标与相应的一个所述的基本流联系起来,该终端管理器将恢复的目标描述符信息提供到所述合成引擎;
所述合成引擎响应提供到那里的所恢复的目标描述符信息以及所恢复的景物描述信息,用于创建要被显示在所述多媒体景物上的所述一个具体恢复的多媒体目标的列表;以及
所述的显示引擎从所述的合成引擎获得所述的列表,并且根据它,从所述内容译码器检索相应的译码多媒体目标,以提供相应于多媒体景物的数据到输出装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的终端,其中:
所述的合成引擎和所述显示引擎具有独立的控制线程。
3.如权利要求2所述的终端,其中:
所述独立的控制线程使得显示引擎能够开始检索相应的译码多媒体目标,同时合成引擎恢复来自位流的附加景物描述信息和/或处理提供到那里的附加目标描述符信息。
4.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
所述内容译码器、显示引擎和合成引擎具有独立的控制线程。
5.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
多媒体景物中恢复的多媒体目标的所述特性包括所述多媒体景物中恢复的多媒体目标的所述具体目标的位置。
6.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
根据景物的二进制格式语言提供所述恢复的景物描述信息。
7.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
根据MPEG-4标准提供所述的多媒体数据位流。
8.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
根据提供到那里的所恢复的目标描述符信息和所述恢复的景物描述信息在创建所述列表中使用,所述的合成引擎保持所述多媒体景物合成的景物图形信息。
9.如权利要求8所述的终端,其中:
根据来自位流的连续恢复的景物描述信息,所述的合成引擎根据要求,对连续多媒体景物更新景物图形信息和所述列表。
10.如权利要求8所述的终端,其中:
所述的终端管理器根据要求,响应用户接口的用户输入事件,提供相应的数据到所述合成引擎来修改所述景物图形和所述列表。
11.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中:
所述的合成引擎根据规定的显示速率提供所述的列表到所述的显示引擎。
12.如权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的终端,其中,所述的多媒体目标包括在多媒体景物中显示的视频和音频目标,还包括:
视频和音频缓冲器,用于在显示之前分别缓冲视频和音频目标;
其中,所述的显示引擎从所述的列表中读出目标并且将它们提供到所述视频和音频缓冲器中适当的一个。
13.一种用于接收和处理终端的多媒体数据位流的方法,包括下列步骤:
在相应的内容译码器上,恢复和译码来自位流的相应基本流的多媒体目标;
所述的多媒体目标包括视频和音频目标中的至少一个,用于多媒体景物的显示;
恢复来自位流的景物描述信息,它定义在多媒体景物中提供的恢复的多媒体目标中的具体目标,以及在多媒体景物中恢复的多媒体目标的特性;
恢复来自位流的目标描述符信息,它将所恢复的多媒体目标与所述基本流的相应目标联系起来;
根据所恢复的目标描述符信息和所恢复的景物描述信息创建要被显示在所述多媒体景物上的恢复的所述多媒体目标中具体目标的列表;以及
根据提供相应于多媒体景物的数据到输出装置的列表,检索相应的译码的多媒体目标。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中:
使用与所述检索步骤分开的控制线程完成所述的恢复步骤。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中:
所述独立的控制线程使得能够开始检索译码的多媒体目标,同时恢复附加的景物描述信息和/或恢复附加的目标描述符信息。
16.如权利要求13到15中的任一项所述的方法,其中:
使用与所述检索步骤分开的控制线程完成所述的创建步骤。
17.如权利要求13到15中的任一项所述的方法,其中:
使用与所述检索步骤分开的控制线程完成所述的恢复步骤和所述的创建步骤。
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- 1999-06-24 EP EP99933570A patent/EP1090505A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 1999-06-24 CN CNB998095443A patent/CN1139254C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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AU4960599A (en) | 2000-01-17 |
KR20010034920A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
US20010000962A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
CN1313008A (zh) | 2001-09-12 |
EP1090505A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
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