CN113921648A - 一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法 - Google Patents

一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113921648A
CN113921648A CN202010652398.2A CN202010652398A CN113921648A CN 113921648 A CN113921648 A CN 113921648A CN 202010652398 A CN202010652398 A CN 202010652398A CN 113921648 A CN113921648 A CN 113921648A
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林锦山
张超华
谢志刚
黄晓狄
王树林
林朝晖
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Goldstone Fujian Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理;硅片表面沉积一层PSG并进行加热退火处理;将处理后的硅片进行表面清洗;处理过的硅片进行表面制绒;将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅或微晶层镀膜,形成异质结钝化层;在硅片的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。本发明类单晶硅片进行PSG沉积和后续退火处理,利于降低硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的体内复合,提高整体的钝化水平,同时硅片在高温中进行有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷,极大地提高了类单晶异质结太阳能电池的转换效率。

Description

一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,太阳能作为取之不尽,用之不竭的清洁能源,越来越受各国的青睐。太阳能电池的研发与制作,主要围绕着降本增效方向展开,提高太阳能电池的转换效率是发展太阳能事业的根本,降低太阳能电池的制作成本是壮大太阳能事业的基础,是满足大规模生产的先决条件。
硅片是生产硅基太阳能电池片所用的载体,一般分为单晶硅片、类单晶硅片和多晶硅片。采用低成本的硅片材料是降低太阳能电池制造成本的有效方式之一。在高效异质结太阳能电池制作中,采用以铸锭单晶(cast mono crystalline silicon)或多晶(multi-crystalline silicon)为衬底太阳能硅片来取代传统单晶硅片,有利降低生产生产,提高企业竞争力。
铸锭单晶(cast mono crystalline silicon)是近年来新开发的定向铸造技术,其利用置于坩埚底部的仔晶进行定向生长,铸造出类似于单晶的硅锭。相对于传统的单晶硅片,类单晶硅具有制造成本低,铸锭硅片尺寸灵活,电阻率分布窄,氧含量低等优势。
然而铸锭单晶(cast mono crystalline silicon),由于铸造工艺的特点,在同一硅片表面上既存在单晶区域也存在多晶区域,因此硅片内部一般存在着位错、小角度晶界、缺陷密度大等缺点,这给太阳能电池的钝化带来了一定的难度,按照常规异质结太阳能电池的制备方法,即使施加了高质量的表面清洁和表面钝化,总体少子寿命依旧不高,以致影响最终电池的转换效率。
因此,为了解决上述存在的技术问题,需要寻找一种适合铸锭单晶(cast monocrystalline silicon)或多晶类硅片有效钝化方式,来减少硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的复合,提升钝化水平和载流子的传输水平,使得类单晶硅片能按照传统的高效电池片制作流程进行,获得高效的电池转换效率。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,解决现有技术中,太阳能电池开路电压低,转换效率不高,产品没有竞争力等问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;
硅片表面沉积一层PSG并进行加热退火处理;
将处理后的硅片进行表面清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应物和吸附的杂质;
处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;
将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅或微晶层镀膜,形成异质结钝化层;
在硅片的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;
在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
进一步的,所述类单晶硅片为铸锭单晶或多晶的N型硅片或P型硅片。
进一步的,所述硅片表面沉积一层PSG通过三氯氧磷扩散法、磷烷离子注入法或者表面沉积掺磷非晶硅法进行,磷扩散到类单晶硅表面的深度范围为0.001um-10um,加热退火处理的处理温度在700-1100℃。
进一步的,所述加热退火处理采用恒温处理或先高温再逐步降温处理。
进一步的,所述硅片进行表面制绒绒面为正金字塔或倒金字塔,金字塔尺寸为0.3~10um,采用酸液制绒或碱液制绒。
进一步的,所述非晶硅或微晶层镀膜在硅片的一面非晶硅钝化层上沉积含磷掺杂的非晶硅或微晶薄膜,在另一面的非晶硅钝化层上沉积含硼掺杂的非晶硅或微晶薄膜,镀膜采用PECVD、Hot wire CVD、LPCVD设备中的一种。
进一步的,所述生成的透明导电膜层是含一种或多种不同金属掺杂的氧化铟膜层,或者含一种或多种不同金属掺杂的氧化锌膜层。
进一步的,所述栅线电极为采用丝网印刷低温银浆或电镀铜方式形成。
由上述对本发明结构的描述可知,和现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明中将铸锭单晶或多晶为衬底的类单晶硅片进行PSG沉积和后续退火处理,因为磷在晶界的扩散速度相对表面提升3到4个数量级,可以用磷扩散钝化晶界,有效提升少子寿命;因为磷扩散层的存在增强金属离子的溶解,同时磷单体在扩散时形成过量的自间隙原子而导致金属杂质从替位位置移动到间隙位置导致了扩散速度的增加,从而加速磷吸杂的完成,这有利于降低类单晶硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的体内复合,提高整体的钝化水平;同时类单晶硅片在高温中进行有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷;将PSG表面吸杂处理的硅片进行本征非晶硅钝化,少子寿命最高可以提升20倍以上,这极大地提高了类单晶异质结太阳能电池的转换效率。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
在附图中:
图1为本发明一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法流程图;
图2为类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池的常规制备流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
参考图1,一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
S1、类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;化学溶液为碱性溶液,为KOH或NaOH中的一种,所述碱性溶液质量百分比为3%-10%,去离子质量百分比为90%-97%,硅片在碱性溶液处理时间为1-5分钟,处理温度为70℃-90℃,硅片腐蚀深度为5-20um;
S2、硅片表面沉积一层PSG并进行加热退火处理;通过三氯氧磷扩散后高温退火进行PSG处理,所述高温氧化温度范围为700℃-1100℃,磷扩散到类单晶硅表面的深度范围为0.001um-10um,采用了逐步降温处理;
S3、将处理后的硅片进行表面清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应物和吸附的杂质;反应物为PSG层和氧化层,所述清洗溶液为HF酸,HF酸质量百分比为1%-8%,去离子水质量百分比为92%-99%,硅片在HF酸溶液中的处理时间为1-6分钟,处理温度为20℃-30℃;
S4、处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;制绒所用的碱性溶液为KOH或NaOH中的一种,质量百分比为0.5%-3%,硅片在碱性溶液中制绒时间为15-40分钟,处理温度为75℃-85℃;
S5、将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅或微晶层镀膜,形成异质结钝化层;制绒后硅片的正反两面分别镀上非晶硅I N层和非晶硅I P层,从而形成有效PN结及背电场,所述本征非晶层I层厚度为1-10nm,N型和P型非晶硅层厚度为3-15nm,N型或P型非晶硅层可以用微晶层替代;
S6、在硅片的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;透明导电层的透过率控制在90%-99%之间,方块电阻为10-100欧姆/方块,膜厚为50-120nm;
S7、在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
对比实验:按照本发明中所提及的针对类单晶异质结优化后的工艺参数,对比类单晶按常规异质结流程的少子寿命,电性能中转换效率、开路电压、短路电流及填充因子均有较大程度的提升,具体如下表1,表格2所示:
表1、非晶硅镀膜后的少子寿命及Implied Voc对比
实验名称 IN/IP少子寿命(us) Implied Voc(V)
常规流程类单晶为衬底的异质结电池 86 0.641
本发明中类单晶为衬底的异质结电池 2195 0.735
表格2、电性能中转换效率、开路电压、短路电流及填充因子对比
方案 Isc(A) Uoc(V) FF(%) Eta(%)
常规流程类单晶为衬底的异质结电池 8.178 0.631 79.98 16.89
本发明中类单晶为衬底的异质结电池 9.535 0.733 80.83 23.13
本发明中将铸锭单晶或多晶为衬底的类单晶硅片进行PSG沉积和后续退火处理,因为磷在晶界的扩散速度相对表面提升3到4个数量级,可以用磷扩散钝化晶界,有效提升少子寿命;因为磷扩散层的存在增强金属离子的溶解,同时磷单体在扩散时形成过量的自间隙原子而导致金属杂质从替位位置移动到间隙位置导致了扩散速度的增加,从而加速磷吸杂的完成,这有利于降低类单晶硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的体内复合,提高整体的钝化水平;同时类单晶硅片在高温中进行有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷;将PSG表面吸杂处理的硅片进行本征非晶硅钝化,少子寿命最高可以提升20倍以上,这极大地提高了类单晶异质结太阳能电池的转换效率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;
硅片表面沉积一层PSG并进行加热退火处理;
将处理后的硅片进行表面清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应物和吸附的杂质;
处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;
将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅或微晶层镀膜,形成异质结钝化层;
在硅片的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;
在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述类单晶硅片为铸锭单晶或多晶的N型硅片或P型硅片。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅片表面沉积一层PSG通过三氯氧磷扩散法、磷烷离子注入法或者表面沉积掺磷非晶硅法进行,磷扩散到类单晶硅表面的深度范围为0.001um-10um,加热退火处理的处理温度在700-1100℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热退火处理采用恒温处理或先高温再逐步降温处理。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅片进行表面制绒绒面为正金字塔或倒金字塔,金字塔尺寸为0.3~10um,采用酸液制绒或碱液制绒。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述非晶硅或微晶层镀膜在硅片的一面非晶硅钝化层上沉积含磷掺杂的非晶硅或微晶薄膜,在另一面的非晶硅钝化层上沉积含硼掺杂的非晶硅或微晶薄膜,镀膜采用PECVD、Hot wire CVD、LPCVD设备中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述生成的透明导电膜层是含一种或多种不同金属掺杂的氧化铟膜层,或者含一种或多种不同金属掺杂的氧化锌膜层。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅为衬底的非晶硅异质结太阳能电池制备方法,其特征在于:所述栅线电极为采用丝网印刷低温银浆或电镀铜方式形成。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115472714A (zh) * 2022-09-05 2022-12-13 通威太阳能(安徽)有限公司 不良太阳电池返工方法

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