CN113921647A - 一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN113921647A
CN113921647A CN202010651618.XA CN202010651618A CN113921647A CN 113921647 A CN113921647 A CN 113921647A CN 202010651618 A CN202010651618 A CN 202010651618A CN 113921647 A CN113921647 A CN 113921647A
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林锦山
张超华
谢志刚
王树林
林朝晖
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:将类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;处理过的硅片进行表面制绒;将硅片进行高温退火处理;将处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质;处理后的硅片进行非晶硅镀膜;在非晶硅薄膜层的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。本发明中将类单晶硅片进行高温处理,有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷,高温退火后的硅片进行本征非晶硅钝化,少子寿命最高可以提升10倍以上,可以延用传统异质结方式进行制备,降低了生产的硅片成本,提升竞争力。

Description

一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法。
背景技术
近年来,太阳能作为取之不尽,用之不竭的清洁能源,越来越受各国的青睐。太阳能电池的研发与制作,主要围绕着降本增效方向展开,提高太阳能电池的转换效率是发展太阳能事业的根本,降低太阳能电池的制作成本是壮大太阳能事业的基础,是满足大规模生产的先决条件。
硅片是生产硅基太阳能电池片所用的载体,一般分为单晶硅片、类单晶硅片和多晶硅片。采用低成本的硅片材料是降低太阳能电池制造成本的有效方式之一。在高效异质结太阳能电池制作中,采用类单晶太阳能硅片来取代传统单晶硅片,有利降低生产生产,提高企业竞争力。
类单晶是近年来新开发的定向铸造技术,其利用置于坩埚底部的仔晶进行定向生长,铸造出类似于单晶的硅锭。相对于传统的单晶硅片,类单晶硅具有制造成本低,铸锭硅片尺寸灵活,电阻率分布窄,氧含量低等优势。
然而类单晶硅片,由于铸造工艺的特点,在同一硅片表面上既存在单晶区域也存在多晶区域,因此硅片内部一般存在着位错、小角度晶界、缺陷密度大等缺点,这给太阳能电池的钝化带来了一定的难度,按照常规异质结太阳能电池的制备方法,则不利于表面钝化,不利于少子寿命的提升,以致影响最终电池的转换效率。
因此,为了解决上述存在的技术问题,需要寻找一种适合类单晶硅片有效钝化方式,来减少硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的复合,提升钝化水平和载流子的传输水平,使得类单晶硅片能按照传统的高效电池片制作流程进行,获得高效的电池转换效率。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其能够解决现有技术中,类单晶硅片内部缺陷大,表面复合严重,少子寿命低,按照常规工艺流程制作,电池性能低等缺点。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;
处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;
将硅片进行高温退火处理;
处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质;
将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅镀膜;
在非晶硅薄膜层的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;
在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
进一步的,所述类单晶硅片为N型硅片或P型硅片。
进一步的,所述硅片进行表面制绒采用酸液或碱液制绒,绒面为正金字塔或倒金字塔,金字塔尺寸1-10nm。
进一步的,所述高温退火处理在LPCVD炉或RTP炉中进行,炉管的压力为100pa-10000pa,在退火过程中通入O2、H2、NH3、H2O等含O,H的化合物,温度范围为600℃-1000℃,气体流量为50sccm-5000sccm,退火时间控制在10min-180min。
进一步的,所述将处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质,所用溶剂可以用酸性溶剂也可以碱性溶剂,具体按硅片表面反应物的类型而定。
进一步的,所述硅片进行非晶硅镀膜采用PECVD、Hot wire CVD、LPCVD等CVD设备中的一种。
进一步的,所述透明导电膜层为ITO、AZO中的一种。
进一步的,所述栅线电极的形成采用印刷银浆或电镀铜方式。
由上述对本发明结构的描述可知,和现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明中将类单晶硅片进行高温处理,有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷,在炉中高温退火中,通入含O、H化合物,将体硅中的碳、硫以及金属等杂质元素逐步地往外迁移,达到吸杂的作用,有利于降低硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的体内复合,提高整体的钝化水平。
2、将高温退火后的硅片进行本征非晶硅钝化,少子寿命最高可以提升10倍以上,高温退火后的类单晶硅片,可以延用传统异质结方式进行制备,有利于生产方式的推广与设备的适用,同时降低了生产的硅片成本,提升竞争力。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为常规单晶硅异质结太阳能电池的制备流程图;
图2为本发明一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
参考图2,一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
S1、将类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;所述类单晶硅片为N型硅片,化学溶液为碱性溶液,为KOH或NaOH中的一种,所述碱性溶液质量百分比为3%-10%,去离子质量百分比为90%-97%,硅片在碱性溶液处理时间为1-5分钟,处理温度为70℃-90℃,硅片腐蚀深度为5-20um;
S2、处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;制绒所用的碱性溶液为KOH或NaOH中的一种,质量百分比为0.5%-3%,硅片在碱性溶液中制绒时间为15-40分钟,处理温度为75℃-85℃;
S3、将硅片进行高温退火处理;在退火过程中通入氧气,所述高温氧化温度范围为600℃-1000℃,氧气流量为500sccm-5000sccm,炉管的压力为100pa-10000pa,氧化层的厚度控制在
Figure BDA0002575182020000051
之间,时间控制在10min-120min之间;
S4、处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质;再清洗溶液为HF酸,HF酸质量百分比为1%-8%,去离子水质量百分比为92%-99%,硅片在HF酸溶液中的处理时间为1-6分钟,处理温度为20℃-30℃;
S5、将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅镀膜;在硅片的正反两面分别镀上非晶硅I N层和非晶硅I P层,从而形成有效PN结及背电场,所述本征非晶层I层厚度为1-10nm,N型和P型非晶硅层厚度为3-15nm;
S6、在非晶硅薄膜层的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;透明导电层的透过率控制在90%-99%之间,方块电阻为10-100欧姆/方块,膜厚为50-120nm;
S7、在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
本发明中将类单晶硅片进行高温处理,有利于将类单晶中晶粒位错进行重整,减少晶格缺陷,在炉中高温退火中,通入含O、H化合物,将体硅中的碳、硫以及金属等杂质元素逐步地往外迁移,达到吸杂的作用,有利于降低硅片体内和表面的缺陷密度,减少载流子的体内复合,提高整体的钝化水平;将高温退火后的硅片进行本征非晶硅钝化,少子寿命最高可以提升10倍以上,高温退火后的类单晶硅片,可以延用传统异质结方式进行制备,有利于生产方式的推广与设备的适用,同时降低了生产的硅片成本,提升竞争力。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
将类单晶硅片进行机械损伤层处理,去除表面的油污、金属颗粒杂质;
处理过的硅片进行表面制绒,降低表面光反射;
将硅片进行高温退火处理;
处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质;
将处理后的硅片进行非晶硅镀膜;
在非晶硅薄膜层的正反面分别生成透明导电膜层;
在硅片两面的透明导电膜层上形成栅线电极,完成异质结电池片的制作。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述硅片进行表面制绒采用酸液或碱液制绒,绒面为正金字塔或倒金字塔,金字塔尺寸1-10nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述高温退火处理在LPCVD炉或RTP炉中进行,炉管的压力为100pa-10000pa,在退火过程中通入O2、H2、NH3、H2O等含O,H的化合物,温度范围为600℃-1000℃,气体流量为50sccm-5000sccm,退火时间控制在10min-180min。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述将处理后的硅片进行再清洗,用溶剂去除表面反应层和吸附的杂质。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述硅片进行非晶硅镀膜采用PECVD、Hot wire CVD、LPCVD等CVD设备中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述透明导电膜层为ITO、AZO中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种类单晶硅异质结太阳能电池片的制作方法,其特征在于:所述栅线电极的形成采用印刷银浆或电镀铜方式。
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CN117374168A (zh) * 2023-12-07 2024-01-09 无锡华晟光伏科技有限公司 异质结太阳能电池及其制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117374168A (zh) * 2023-12-07 2024-01-09 无锡华晟光伏科技有限公司 异质结太阳能电池及其制备方法
CN117374168B (zh) * 2023-12-07 2024-02-06 无锡华晟光伏科技有限公司 异质结太阳能电池及其制备方法

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