CN113912456B - Tea garden soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and tea garden soil improvement method - Google Patents

Tea garden soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and tea garden soil improvement method Download PDF

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CN113912456B
CN113912456B CN202111203434.8A CN202111203434A CN113912456B CN 113912456 B CN113912456 B CN 113912456B CN 202111203434 A CN202111203434 A CN 202111203434A CN 113912456 B CN113912456 B CN 113912456B
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tea garden
garden soil
parts
soil conditioner
starch
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CN113912456A (en
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丁哲利
周兆禧
王必尊
林兴娥
林妃
戴敏洁
郑丽娟
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Haikou Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Haikou Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a tea garden soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and a tea garden soil conditioning method, belonging to the technical field of soil conditioning, wherein the tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of starch and 8-12 parts of urea. The tea garden soil conditioner is cooperated, so that the pH value of tea garden soil is effectively reduced, and nitrogen and Ca are effectively prevented 2+ 、Mg 2+ Leaching loss and reducing exchangeable Al in tea garden soil 3+ Content, and application amount of fertilizer is reduced. Meanwhile, the method for preparing the tea garden soil conditioner is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost. The invention applies nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tea garden fertilization in a matching way, and prevents soil acidification caused by excessive fertilization or single fertilization of the tea garden. The tea garden soil conditioner provided by the invention is high in safety, can be used for a long time, and has good environmental protection significance.

Description

Tea garden soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and tea garden soil improvement method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a tea garden soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and a tea garden soil improvement method.
Background
Tea production and consumption of China are the first world, and the tea is a large economic and cultural asset of China. Tea trees are acid soil-loving crops, but the more acid the soil is, the better the tea trees grow. Research shows that the pH range of soil suitable for the growth of tea trees is 4.5-6.0, and the optimal value is pH 5.5. However, acidification of tea garden soil is becoming more and more severe due to various reasons such as acid rain, improper artificial fertilization management, and self-metabolism during tea tree growth. In the 70-80 years of the 20 th century, the acidification phenomenon of the soil of the tea garden begins to appear, and in the 90 s of the 20 th century, the proportion of the pH value of the optimal soil of the tea garden in Su, Zhe and Wan 3 provinces is reduced from 59.4% in 1990-1991 to 20.3% in 1998, and the acidification speed is astonishing. When the pH of the soil of the tea trees is less than 4.0, the growth of the tea trees and related metabolic activities of the tea trees are inhibited, and finally, the yield and the quality of the tea trees are seriously influenced, for example, the tea leaves have the phenomenon that Pb and F exceed the standards, and the analysis is related to the serious acidification of the soil of a tea garden to a great extent. At present, the soil acidification phenomenon of the tea garden is gradually serious and has developed into a worldwide problem, and China is used as the first major country of tea planting area in the world and is compelling to solve the problem of tea garden soil acidification.
At present, lime is an effective and common method for improving acid soil, but the soil hardening is caused by the lime applied in large amount or for a long time, the antagonism of magnesium and potassium is caused by the addition of a large amount of calcium element, so that the yield reduction is caused by the imbalance of the calcium element, the magnesium element and the potassium element in the soil, the co-precipitation of magnesium and aluminum hydrated oxide is caused by the lime applied in the acid soil excessively, and the Mg content in the soil solution is reduced 2+ Activity and plant effectiveness. In addition, lime belongs to mineral resources, and is liable to damage the ecology during long-term exploitation, particularly for the ecological system of a tea garden, local excessive application is liable to be caused in the actual production process, excessive Ca is overused, and excessive Ca is liable to cause 2+ The absorption of the tea can reduce the content of amino acid and water soluble substances in the tea, and the quality of the tea is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The soil conditioner provided by the invention can obviously improve the pH value of tea garden soil and can effectively prevent nitrogen and Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ Leaching loss, improving fertility and reducing fertilizer application amount.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a tea garden soil conditioner which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of starch and 8-12 parts of urea.
Preferably, the tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of biochar, 12-17 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 16-18 parts of starch and 9-11 parts of urea.
Preferably, the starch comprises corn starch, tapioca starch or potato starch.
Preferably, the particle size of the biochar is 5-10 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tea garden soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing starch and water, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 15-25%, adjusting the pH to 9-10, carrying out an oxidation reaction, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution, adding epoxy chloropropane, adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 4-6% until the pH value is 9.5-10, carrying out crosslinking reaction at constant temperature, adding urea after the reaction is finished, stirring, and sieving to obtain coated urea;
(2) and (3) mixing the biochar with coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding diatomite and humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner.
Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1: 3-7, and the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 25-35%.
Preferably, the oxidation reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 1.5-2.5 h; the temperature of the crosslinking reaction is 35-45 ℃, and the time is 3.5-4.5 h.
Preferably, the stirring speed is 50-100 rpm.
Preferably, the sieved particle size is 1-3 mm.
The invention also provides a tea garden soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 100-200 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 6-8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10-20 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the tea garden soil conditioner is deeply turned into soil, the fertilizing depth is 20-30 cm, and soil covering is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the biochar in the tea garden soil conditioner provided by the invention is alkaline, has the advantages of slowly releasing urea and reducing nitrogen leaching loss after adsorbing coated urea, and can adsorb Al in soil after adding diatomite 3+ Simultaneously, elements such as Si, Fe, Ca, Mg and the like are provided for soil, humic acid contains more hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, and is applied to acid soil to have higher exchange capacity and adsorption capacity for hydrogen ions and aluminum ions in the soil 2+ 、Mg 2+ Leaching loss and reducing exchangeable Al in tea garden soil 3+ Content, and application amount of fertilizer is reduced. Meanwhile, the method for preparing the tea garden soil conditioner is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost. The invention applies nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tea garden to prevent soil acidification caused by excessive fertilization or single nitrogen fertilizer application in the tea garden.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tea garden soil conditioner which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of charcoal, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of starch and 8-12 parts of urea.
In the invention, the tea garden soil conditioner preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of biochar, 12-17 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 16-18 parts of starch and 9-11 parts of urea. The biochar has larger porosity and specific surface area, remarkably reduces the pH value of tea garden soil, and reduces the leaching loss of nitrogen. The diatomite in the invention has large aperture and high porosity, contains alkaline substances such as calcium oxide and the like, has adsorption effect on calcium ions, aluminum ions and hydrogen ions in the tea garden soil, and can obviously reduce the pH value of the tea garden soil. The humic acid has various active groups, has strong hydrophilicity, cation exchange property, complexing ability, higher adsorption ability and the like, and can improve the buffering ability of soil to acidity change. In the present invention, the starch preferably comprises corn starch, tapioca starch or potato starch. In the invention, the particle size of the biochar is preferably 5-10 mm, more preferably 6-8 mm, and even more preferably 7 mm. The sources of the biochar, the diatomite and the humic acid are not particularly limited, and commercial products known in the field can be adopted.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tea garden soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing starch and water, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 15-25%, adjusting the pH to 9-10, carrying out an oxidation reaction, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution, adding epoxy chloropropane, adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 4-6% until the pH value is 9.5-10, carrying out crosslinking reaction at constant temperature, adding urea after the reaction is finished, stirring, and sieving to obtain coated urea;
(2) and (3) mixing the biochar with coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding diatomite and humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner.
In the invention, starch and water are mixed, hydrogen peroxide is added dropwise, meanwhile, a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 15-25% is added, the pH is adjusted to 9-10, and oxidation reaction is carried out. The mass volume ratio of the starch to the water is preferably 1: 3-7, more preferably 1: 4-6, and even more preferably 1: 5; the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 25-35%, and more preferably 30%; the oxidation reaction temperature is preferably 40-60 ℃, more preferably 55 ℃, and the time is preferably 1.5-2.5 h, more preferably 2 h.
In the present invention, after the reaction is completed, NaHSO is added 3 And cooling the solution, adding epoxy chloropropane, adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 4-6% until the pH value is 9.5-10, carrying out crosslinking reaction at constant temperature, adding urea after the reaction is finished, stirring, and sieving to obtain the coated urea. Book (notebook)The invention adds NaHSO 3 The purpose of the solution is to remove excess oxidizing agent. The temperature of the crosslinking reaction is preferably 35-45 ℃, more preferably 40 ℃, and the time is preferably 3.5-4.5 h, more preferably 4 h. In the present invention, the stirring speed is preferably 50 to 100rpm, more preferably 60 to 90rpm, and still more preferably 75 rpm. In the invention, the screened particle size is preferably 1-3 mm, and more preferably 2 mm. According to the invention, hydrogen peroxide is used for partially breaking bonds of starch and degrading the starch to generate oxidized starch, then an epichlorohydrin crosslinking agent is used for preparing a modified starch coating material with strong adhesion performance and good water resistance, and after the modified starch coating material is mixed with urea, the obtained coated urea has the capability of slowly releasing nitrogen.
In the invention, the biochar and the coated urea are mixed until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, and then the diatomite and the humic acid are added and mixed uniformly to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner. According to the invention, the coated urea enters the holes of the biochar, so that the slow release capability of the coated nitrogen is further enhanced, the leaching loss of the nitrogen is reduced, the utilization rate of the nitrogen is improved, and the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced. The tea garden soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is cooperatively matched, so that the pH value of tea garden soil is effectively reduced, and nitrogen and Ca are effectively prevented 2+ 、Mg 2+ Leaching loss and reducing exchangeable Al in tea garden soil 3+ Content, and application amount of fertilizer is reduced.
The invention also provides a tea garden soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 100-200 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 6-8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10-20 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the tea garden soil conditioner is deeply turned into soil, the fertilizing depth is 20-30 cm, and soil covering is performed.
In the present invention, the tea garden soil improvement method preferably comprises the steps of applying 150 kg/mu of tea garden soil improvement agent, 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg/mu of potassium chloride when applying the base fertilizer, deeply digging into the soil, wherein the application depth is 25cm, and covering soil. The invention applies nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tea garden to prevent soil acidification caused by excessive fertilization or single nitrogen fertilizer application in the tea garden.
In the present invention, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 17kg of starch with 85L of water, dropwise adding 30% hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding 20% NaOH solution by mass volume fraction, adjusting pH to 9.5, carrying out oxidation reaction at 50 ℃ for 2h, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution to 40 ℃, adding epoxy chloropropane, adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 5% until the pH value is 9.8, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 4 hours at constant temperature, adding 10kg of urea after the reaction is finished, uniformly stirring at 75rpm, and sieving by using a 2mm sieve to obtain coated urea;
(2) and (3) mixing 25kg of biochar with the coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding 15kg of diatomite and 3kg of humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner.
A method for improving tea garden soil comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 150 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the soil is deeply ploughed, the application depth is 25cm, and soil is covered.
Example 2
A preparation method of a tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 15kg of starch with 45L of water, dropwise adding 25% of hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding 15% of NaOH solution by mass volume fraction, adjusting the pH to 9, carrying out oxidation reaction at 40 ℃ for 2.5h, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution to 45 ℃, adding epoxy chloropropane, and adding NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 4% until the pH value is reached9.5, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 3.5h at constant temperature, adding 8kg of urea after the reaction is finished, stirring uniformly at 50rpm, and sieving by a 1mm sieve to obtain coated urea;
(2) and (3) mixing 20kg of biochar with the coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding 10kg of diatomite and 1kg of humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner.
A method for improving tea garden soil comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 200 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 6 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the soil is deeply ploughed, the application depth is 20cm, and soil is covered.
Example 3
A preparation method of a tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 20kg of starch with 140L of water, dropwise adding 35% of hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding 25% of NaOH solution by mass volume fraction, adjusting the pH to 10, carrying out oxidation reaction at 60 ℃ for 1.5h, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution to 35 ℃, adding epoxy chloropropane, adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 6% until the pH value is 10, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 4.5h at constant temperature, adding 12kg of urea after the reaction is finished, uniformly stirring at 100rpm, and sieving by using a 3mm sieve to obtain coated urea;
(2) and (3) mixing 30kg of biochar with the coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding 20kg of diatomite and 4kg of humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the tea garden soil conditioner.
A method for improving tea garden soil comprises the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 100 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 20 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the soil is deeply ploughed, the application depth is 30cm, and soil is covered.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is different from example 1 in that it does not contain biochar and the other steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is different from example 1 in that it does not contain diatomaceous earth and the other steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that the preparation of coated urea described in step (1) is not carried out in this comparative example, but the subsequent step (2) is carried out directly after mixing starch with urea.
Test example 1
The soil for the test is tea garden soil planted for 55 years, and the pH value of the soil is 3.90.
Transplanting the selected tea tree seedlings with basically consistent growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests into pots at 3/20 days in 2020, applying a tea garden soil conditioner, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to 3 tea tree seedlings in each pot by adopting the tea garden soil improvement method described in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, taking 25 kg/mu of urea, 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg/mu of potassium chloride as a control group, performing a pot culture test from 20 days in 3/20 days in 2020 to 25 days in 1/25 months in 2021, carrying out a rainfall simulation leaching test in the period in order to simulate the field rainfall environment of the tea garden to the maximum extent, and after the pot culture test is finished, randomly selecting 4 pots for sample collection, measuring the pH value, the total exchangeable acid amount and the exchangeable H in the soil + And exchangeable Al 3+ Wherein, soil pH: the total amount of soil exchangeable acid and exchangeable H are measured by a pH composite electrode + Measured by potassium chloride-neutralization titration; exchangeable Al 3+ Is total amount of exchangeable acid and exchangeable H + The difference therebetween. And respectively collecting the last leaching solution of each treatment group, and measuring the total nitrogen by using a continuous flow analyzer. After the completion of the test, the pH value, total amount of exchangeable acid, and exchangeable H in the soil of example 1, comparative example 2, and comparative example 3 + And exchangeable Al 3+ The values of (A) and (B) are shown in Table 1 and the total nitrogen content in the leaching solution is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 determination of soil acidity Performance in different treatment groups
Figure BDA0003305929240000071
The results of Table 1 show that the tea garden soil of example 1 was applied as compared with the control groupAfter the modifying agent, the pH value of the tea garden soil is improved by 1.43 units, the pH value of the tea garden soil of the comparative example 1 is improved by 0.8 unit, the pH value of the tea garden soil of the comparative example 2 is improved by 1.01 unit, the pH value of the tea garden soil of the comparative example 3 is improved by 1.17 unit, wherein the pH value of the tea garden soil of the example 1 is increased to the highest extent, and the total amount of exchangeable acid and exchangeable H are increased + The numerical value is the lowest, and the method is suitable for planting and growing of tea trees.
TABLE 2 Total nitrogen content in the leach solutions of the different treatment groups
Group of Drench total nitrogen (mg/L)
Control group 402.87
Example 1 51.36
Comparative example 1 154.78
Comparative example 2 107.45
Comparative example 3 84.97
As can be seen from table 2, the total nitrogen concentration in the leaching solution was reduced after the tea garden soil conditioner of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was applied, compared to the control group, wherein the magnitude of reduction of the total nitrogen concentration in the leaching solution was the greatest after the tea garden soil conditioner of example 1 was applied, indicating that the tea garden soil conditioner of the present invention significantly reduced the nitrogen leaching loss.
In conclusion, the tea garden soil conditioner provided by the invention obviously reduces nitrogen leaching loss and exchangeable Al 3+ The content of the active ingredients in the tea garden soil effectively reduces the pH value of the tea garden soil.
Test example 2
The tea garden soil conditioner of example 1 was put in water for a nitrogen nutrient release measurement for 80 days, and 10kg of urea was used as a control group to measure nitrogen element with a continuous flow analyzer.
The results showed that after 1 day at 25 ℃, only 2% was detected in the water of example 1, 25% was released after 1 day in the control, 17% was detected in the water of example 1 after 10 days, 65% was detected in the control, 33% was released in the water of example 1 after 20 days, 90% was released in the control, 52% was released in the water of example 1 after 30 days, 97% was released in the control, and 98% was released in the water of example 1 after 80 days, and the release was almost complete.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The tea garden soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of starch and 8-12 parts of urea;
the preparation method of the tea garden soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
mixing starch and water, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 15-25%, adjusting the pH to 9-10, carrying out an oxidation reaction, and after the reaction is finished, adding NaHSO 3 Cooling the solution, adding epoxy chloropropane, and adding a NaOH solution with the mass volume fraction of 4-6% until the pH value is reached9.5-10, carrying out crosslinking reaction at constant temperature, adding urea after the reaction is finished, stirring, and sieving to obtain coated urea;
mixing the biochar with coated urea until the coated urea enters pores of the biochar, adding diatomite and humic acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain a tea garden soil conditioner;
the mass volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1: 3-7, and the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 25-35%;
the oxidation reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 1.5-2.5 h; the temperature of the crosslinking reaction is 35-45 ℃, and the time is 3.5-4.5 h.
2. The tea garden soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of biochar, 12-17 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 16-18 parts of starch and 9-11 parts of urea.
3. The tea garden soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the starch comprises corn starch, tapioca starch, or potato starch.
4. The tea garden soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the biochar has a particle size of 5 to 10 mm.
5. The tea garden soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed is 50 to 100 rpm.
6. The tea garden soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the sieved particle size is 1 to 3 mm.
7. A method for improving tea garden soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the base fertilizer is applied, 100-200 kg/mu of tea garden soil conditioner, 6-8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10-20 kg/mu of potassium chloride are applied, the tea garden soil conditioner is deeply turned into soil, the fertilizing depth is 20-30 cm, and soil covering is carried out; the tea garden soil conditioner is the tea garden soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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