CN113908831A - 一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113908831A
CN113908831A CN202111112324.0A CN202111112324A CN113908831A CN 113908831 A CN113908831 A CN 113908831A CN 202111112324 A CN202111112324 A CN 202111112324A CN 113908831 A CN113908831 A CN 113908831A
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hydrophobic
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欧阳李科
袁绍军
邓彦博
岳海荣
刘冲
刘诗洁
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法,属于气体净化技术领域,包括内载体、负载活性层和疏水层,通过在催化剂表面自组装形成疏水层,强化H2和O2气体分子传质效率和抗水性能,增加了催化剂的低温活性,极大延长了催化剂使用寿命。

Description

一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于气体净化技术领域,具体涉及一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
氢气作为最理想和最有效的能源载体之一,被广泛地应用于各个行业。但是,在实际应用过程中,由于存在氢气的不完全转化和残余氢气排放,带来了安全隐患。因此,这部分残余氢气在排放前需要有效处理。
目前工业中通常采用的氢气治理技术为回收和销毁技术。其中回收技术主要包括吸附技术、吸收技术、冷凝(及蒸气平衡)技术及膜分离技术等。销毁技术如光催化、低温等离子体、生物降解、直接燃烧和催化燃烧等。光催化、低温等离子体、生物降解等方法主要用于低浓度H2治理效率较低。和以上其它方法相比,催化燃烧法的优点有∶1)起燃温度低、能耗低;2)催化效率高,净化效果好;3)无二次污染,更环保。催化燃烧技术的核心为催化剂,现有技术存在不足包括:1)催化剂使用温度较高,难以满足在宽范围低温条件下(室温及零下温度)的使用;2)由于生成的水吸附在催化剂表面导致催化剂失活。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂及其制备方法,解决现有技术中催化剂使用温度较高,难以满足在宽范围低温条件下(室温及零下温度)的使用,由于生成的水吸附在催化剂表面导致催化剂失活等技术问题。
本发明公开了一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,包括内载体、负载活性层和疏水层。
进一步的,所属载体为Al2O3。具有高机械稳定性、耐化学性、高导热性和抗热冲击性等特点。
进一步的,所述负载层包括单种贵金属或其与非贵金属的合金,具出色的低温氧气和氢气活化能力。
进一步的,按质量百分比计,所述疏水催化剂质量为100%,其中,负载贵金属含量为0.05%~0.5%,负载非贵金属为1%~20%,载体含量为79.5%~98.95%。
进一步的,所述贵金属单种为Pd、Pt、Rh或Ru中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述非贵金属为Co、Mn、In、Ni、Cu、Ce、Pr、Zr或La中的至少一种。
进一步的,所述疏水层中的疏水剂为多碳链氟硅烷,疏水层主要为提高催化剂抗水能力,提高催化剂使用寿命。
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.配置贵金属溶液及其合金溶液,采用等体积浸渍法将活性金属及其合金均匀地负载在载体上,110~150℃下干燥8~12h,得到干燥后的混合物;
S2.将干燥后的混合物在还原剂溶液中静置1~3h,静置反应温度为25~60℃,进行充分还原得到原始催化剂;
S3.配置疏水剂溶液,将疏水剂加入到无水乙醇或甲醇溶液中充分溶解;
S4.将制备好的上述原始催化剂加入到疏水剂溶液,搅拌均匀、静置反应,反应温度为25-80℃,静置反应时间为1~3h;将反应后的催化剂用去离子水洗涤、过滤、在70~120℃干燥过夜,得到最终的疏水催化剂。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中干燥温度为为110℃。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中干燥时间为12h。
进一步的,所述步骤S2中还原剂溶液为NaBH4或NH2NH2·H2O。
进一步的,所述还原剂溶液浓度为0.01mol/L~1.0mol/L。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中疏水剂为3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),三甲基硅烷(C1),1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷(C8)或1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(C10)。
进一步的,所述1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(C10),使用量为每克原始催化剂加入0.1mL~1mL。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中乙醇或甲醇用量为50mL~300mL。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中乙醇或甲醇用量为100mL。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中,静置反应时间为1~3h,优选为2h,所述干燥温度为70~120℃,优选为80℃,干燥时间为8~12小时,优选为8h。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明疏水催化剂在零下20度到室温之间可以有效强化催化剂吸附H2和O2气体分子的能力,从而促进H2和O2分子的反应,提高催化剂催化氢气低温(零下及室温)环境活性。通过控制疏水改性剂加入量实现改性催化剂疏水层的均匀稳定,保证催化剂的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案,下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施方式,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明催化剂性能测试反应装置示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钯前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.001g Pd)加入到0.999g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml去离子水溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有去离子水的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将浸泡后的催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为0.1%Pd/Al2O3
实施例2
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铂锰前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Pt和0.05g Mn)加入到0.9495g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml去离子水溶解于100ml无水甲醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有去离子水的无水甲醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将浸泡后的催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为0.05%Pt-5%Mn/Al2O3
实施例3
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铑锆前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.001g Rh和0.025g Zr)加入到0.974g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml去离子水溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有去离子水的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将浸泡后的催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为0.1%Rh-2.5%Zr/Al2O3
实施例4
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铑前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Rh)加入到0.9995g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水甲醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的无水甲醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Rh/Al2O3
实施例5
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铂前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.005g Pt)加入到0.995g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.5%Pt/Al2O3
实施例6
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铂前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Ru)加入到0.9995g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Ru/Al2O3
实施例7
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钯钴前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.005g Pd和0.10g Co)加入到0.895g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水甲醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的无水甲醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.5%Pd-10%Co/Al2O3
实施例8
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铑铟前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Rh和0.01g In)加入到0.9895g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Rh-1%In/Al2O3
实施例9
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钌镍前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0025g Ru和0.20g Ni)加入到0.7975g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的无水乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.25%Ru-20%Ni/Al2O3
实施例10
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钯铜前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Pd和0.025g Cu)加入到0.9745g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Pd-2.5%Cu/Al2O3
实施例11
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铂铈前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Pt和0.05g Ce)加入到0.9495g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Pt-5%Ce/Al2O3
实施例12
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钌镨前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0005g Ru和0.05g Pr)加入到0.9895g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水甲醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的无水甲醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.05%Ru-5%In/Al2O3
实施例13
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置铑锆前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.001g Rh和0.025g Zr)加入到0.974g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.1%Rh-2.5%Zr/Al2O3
实施例14
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钯镧前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.001gPd和0.05g La)加入到0.949g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.1%Pd-5%La/Al2O3
实施例15
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钯铂镨镧前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0025gPd,0.0025gPt,0.10gPr和0.10g La)加入到0.795g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NH2NH2·H2O溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水乙醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的乙醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.25%Pd-0.25%Pt-10%Pr-10%La/Al2O3
实施例16
一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,配置钌铑钴铜前驱体水溶液1.0mL(含0.0025gRu,0.0025gRh,0.10gCo和0.10gCu)加入到0.795g Al2O3中,加入适当的水使搅拌均匀,再放入干燥箱中110℃干燥12h。在配置的浓度为0.5mol/L的NaBH4溶液下静置反应3h,对催化剂进行充分还原。取1ml 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于100ml无水甲醇中,然后称取制备好的原始催化剂1g,加入到溶解有疏水剂的无水甲醇溶液中,25℃温度下静置反应2h。将反应后的改性催化剂用去离子水洗涤。然后放置于干燥箱中,80℃温度下干燥8h。所得催化剂为H-0.25%Ru-0.25%Rh-10%Co-10%Cu/Al2O3
催化剂性能测试
分别将实施例1-13制备的整体式催化剂置于U型反应器内,测试其催化性能。测试前无需预处理,原料气为2mL/min的氢气、40mL/min的氧气、158mL/min的氮气,测试空速为20000h-1。催化剂用量为0.45g,压力为常压,反应装置图如图1所示。
测试结果详见表1。
表1本发明催化剂催化H2催化燃烧性能测试结果
Figure BDA0003274281860000091
Figure BDA0003274281860000101
注:T99为目标物转化99%对应的温度。
从上表1可以看出,本发明催化剂可以提高显著提高氢气在极低温下的催化活性,以及延长催化剂在低温下使用寿命,降低催化剂使用成本。
本发明不局限于上述可选实施方式,任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品,但不论在其形状或结构上作任何变化,凡是落入本发明权利要求界定范围内的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,包括内载体、负载活性层和疏水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,所属载体为Al2O3
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,所述负载层包括单种贵金属或其与非贵金属的合金。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,所述疏水催化剂质量为100%,其中,负载贵金属含量为0.05%~0.5%,负载非贵金属为1%~20%,载体含量为79.5%~98.95%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,所述贵金属单种为Pd、Pt、Rh或Ru中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,所述非贵金属为Co、Mn、In、Ni、Cu、Ce、Pr、Zr或La中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂,其特征在于,所述疏水层中的疏水剂为多碳链氟硅烷。
8.一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.配置贵金属溶液及其合金溶液,采用等体积浸渍法将活性金属及其合金均匀地负载在载体上,110~150℃下干燥8~12h,得到干燥后的混合物;
S2.将干燥后的混合物在还原剂溶液中静置1~3h,静置反应温度为25~60℃,进行充分还原得到原始催化剂;
S3.配置疏水剂溶液,将疏水剂加入到无水乙醇或甲醇溶液中充分溶解;
S4.将制备好的上述原始催化剂加入到疏水剂溶液,搅拌均匀、静置反应,反应温度为25-80℃,静置反应时间为1~3h;将反应后的催化剂用去离子水洗涤、过滤、在70~120℃干燥过夜,得到最终的疏水催化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中疏水剂为3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,三甲基硅烷,1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷或1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种用于氢气负低温催化燃烧的疏水催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷,使用量为每克原始催化剂加入0.1mL~1mL。
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