CN1138983C - 用于电子仪表检测的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
以电子方式显示被测电能的方法与装置。包括接收电压与电流信号,并确定电能单位且产生电能测定量的第一处理器;与第一处理器相连的接收能量信号并产生表示电能信息的显示信号的第二处理器;显示电能信息的显示器。本发明提供了不需要传统电子仪表中的转动盘的简单快捷直接的仪表测试。
Description
本申请为分案申请,原申请的申请日(优先权日)为1992年2月21日,国家申请号为93100680.5,发明名称为“用于电子仪表检测的方法和装置”
本发明一般涉及的领域是电力仪表。更具体地说,本发明涉及电子瓦(特小)时计和能在正反两方向上测量有功能量与无功能量的仪表。
用于测量各类电能的技术与装置已非常普遍。仪表(例如实用的功率计)一般可分为两类,一类是机电式仪表,其输出是由转动盘产生的,另一类是电子仪表,其输出成份是以电子方式产生的。也存在混合型仪表,其中通常用光学方法把一个提供被测电能产生的电子显示的电子寄存器组合到一个转动盘中。由转动盘产生的脉冲(例如由印制在盘上一亮点处反射出的光),被用来产生电子输出信号。
将能够认识到,电子仪表由于其可靠性日益增高和工作环境温度范围不断扩大,已得到相当广泛的接受。从而,已推出各种形式不带任何移动部件的电子仪表。在最近十年中,已推出一些包含微处理器的仪表。
电子仪表的测试已成为一个问题。虽然已经有一种工业上已知的寄存器工作特定模式作为测试模式,可便于记录器的测试,但是,对于改进对全部仪表测试则还没有什么进展。通过软件调试,电子仪表可能提供较快的测试时间、多种测量功能和仪表校准。然而,实现这些功能不但造价高,而且复杂。
目前,电力公司是用一种能在盘转动时反射测量盘上发出的光来检测印制亮点的检测设备来检测机械仪表。另一种检测机械仪表的方式披露在LaRocca等人的美国专利第4,600,881号,它描述了在盘中孔的形成。将一光敏装置放在盘之一侧的一个固定位置上。当盘转动时,孔通过光敏装置,从而产生代表盘运动的脉冲。
由于电子仪表最好不包含转动盘,对这种仪表就不能使用这种简单的测试技术了。所以,对于电子仪表来说,需要一种相对较为简单的仪表测试手段。
本发明披露一种能用电子方式显示被测电能的方法和装置,它可以使前述问题得到解决,并且具有其它优点。
一个第一处理器接收电压与电流信号,并测定电能。该第一处理器产生代表电能测量结果的能量信号。一个与所述第一处理器相连的第二处理器,接收该能量信号并且产生一个代表电能信息的显示信号。连接一显示器以接收该显示信号,并且显示电能信息。在一个第一实施例中,第一处理器最好能从电压与电流信号中确定电能的单位,并且产生一个表示这些单位与确定该单位时的速率的能量信号。在这一实施例中,第二处理器最好能根据能量信号产生一个表示相当于传统机电仪表的盘转动速率的盘信号,而显示信号则表示单位总数、确定单位时的速率以及相当盘转动的速率,其中,该显示器包括用于每一种显示信号的独立的指示器。在另一实施例中,第一处理器在确定电能单位的同时,确定瓦特单位、视在无功能量单位以及确定这些单位时使用的速率,其中,瓦特单位、视在无功能量单位及确定这些单位时的速率被显示出来。在另外一个实施例中,第一处理器测量多种类型电能并且产生各种能量信号。提供有一个第一转换器将电输出信号转换成光。与第一转换器相连的第二处理器根据这些能量信号产生一个输出信号,其中输出信号的产生包括将能量信号多路复用成输出信号。在另一实施例中,显示器提供有关能量流动方向的信息。
显示器最好是一种包含多个可见指示器的液晶显示器。特别是第二处理器最好能产生显示信号,以便所选定的指示器在选定时刻为可见的。此方式可以提供一个相当于转动盘的能量使用指示器。特别希望所产生的显示信号能使得指示器以快于相应的盘转动速率的速率提供正反两方向的能流指示。在一特定较佳实施例中,于显示器上装有三种指示器,用以提供上述电能方向指示。在该实施例中,各指示器排成一条直线。第一指示器呈箭头状,用于指示反方向,第三指示器的箭头用于指示正方向。最好以给定的数据速率将能量信号提供给第二处理器。在这样的实施例中,特别建议第二处理器包括一个数据速率显示部件,用于在显示器上显示向第二处理器提供数据的速率。在这类实施例中,可以显示能流方向、向第二处理器提供数据的速率以及模拟盘转动速率的信号。对于每一参量都有一相应指示器。
对于本专业人员来说,下述参照附图的有关本发明的详细描述,有助于更好地理解本发明,而各发明目的与优点将变得更明显。其中:
图1是一个根据本发明构成的电子仪表的方框图;
图2A-2E组合提供了图1中描述的微处理器所使用的原程序的流程图;
图3是图1中表示的液晶显示器的正视图;
图4是图3表示的液晶显示器的选择指示器的示意图;
图5是图1中表示的光学端口示意图;
图6是包含在仪表中某些命令按钮的示意图。
图1表示了一种用于测量电能的新型仪表,标号为10。在制造该仪表时,首先考虑的是需使其将来能够实现支持更高级的测量功能。
图示的仪表10包括三个电阻分压网络12A,12B,12C;一个第一处理器——ADC/DSP(模-数转换器/数字信号处理器)芯片14;一个第二处理器——微控制器16,在本较佳实施例中,微控制器16是一个三菱型(Mitsubishi Model)50428微控制器;三个电流传感器18A,18B,18C;一个12V的开关电源20,能接收范围在96-528V之间的输入;一个5V线性电源22;一个永久性电源24,当5V电源22不工作时,它转换到电池26;一个2.5V精确电压基准28;一个液晶显示器(LCD)30;一个32.678KHz的振荡器32;一个6.2208MHz的振荡器34,它为芯片14提供定时信号,并且其信号经1.5分频之后为微控制器16提供4.1472MHz的时钟信号;一个2K字节的EEPROM35;一串行通信线36;一选择连接器38;及一个可用于读仪表的光学通信端口40。有关各部件的内部关系及细节将在下面进一步阐述。
可以理解到,电能一般都具有伏安特性。在仪表10中,将电压信号提供给电阻分压器12A-12C,并且在一电流互感器(CT)中感生出电流信号,并被分流。CT/分流器组合18A-18C的输出被用于测定电能。
连接一个第一处理器14以接收由分压器12A-12C和分流器18A-18C提供的电压和电流信号。正如以下将进一步详述的那样,处理器14将电压和电流信号转换成电压、电流数字信号,并根据电压、电流数字信号测定电能,产生表示该电能测定量的能量信号。处理器14将总是产生发出瓦特小时(Whr Del)信号及接收瓦特小时(Whr Rec)信号,并根据被测能量的类型,或者产生发出伏安无功小时(VARhr Del)/接收伏安无功小时(VARhr Rec)信号,或者产生发出伏安小时(VAhr Del)/接收伏安小时(VAhr Rec)信号。在本较佳实施例中,导体42-48上的每一转换(每一转换是从逻辑低到逻辑高,或从逻辑高到逻辑低)代表能量的一个测量单位。第二处理器16与第一处理器14相连。正如以下将进一步详述的,处理器16接收能量信号并产生表示能量信号的指示信号。
根据仪表10的较佳实施例,分别使用一些常规的电流互感器(CT′s)和电阻分压器读出电流与电压。在一新集成电路(即处理器14)中进行适当的放大。尽管已结合图1进行了详细描述,处理器14必须是一个具有内部模/数(A/D)转换器的可编程数字信号处理器(DSP)。该转换器能以2400Hz对三个输入信道同时进行采样,每一信道分辨率都为21位,然后由集成的DSP对其结果进行各种计算。
仪表10的操作既能作为一用量计量仪表(demandmeter),也可以作为所谓的使用时间(TOU)计量仪表。人们将认识到,由于对电能的计价具有较大区别,TOU式仪表正变得愈来愈普遍。例如,在高峰时间对被测电能的计价就不同于非高峰时间的电能计价。正如以下将进一步详述的,第一处理器14确定电能单位,而处理器16(在TOU方式下),相对于时间(即季节或一天中的时间)核准这些已确定的电能单位。
所有指示器与测试特性都通过仪表10的面板或显示在LCD30上或送到光学通信端口40。电子仪器的电源20是一开关电源,馈送低压线性电源22。该方式可以使仪表10的工作电压范围变宽。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,首先将所谓的标准仪表元件与寄存器电子仪器都定位在一单块印刷电路板上(图中未示出),定义为一个电子组件。该电子组件装有电源20、22、24、28,所有三相位的电阻分压器12A-12C,分流电阻部分18A-18C,振荡器34,处理器14,处理器126,复位电路(图中未示出),EEPROM35,振荡器32,光学端口部件40,液晶显示器LCD30及选择板接口38。当该组件被用于用量测量时,计价数据被存贮在EEPROM35中。仅仅通过使用电源26及对EEPROM35中的配置数据重新编程,就可将同样的该组件用于TOU测量。
现在更详细地讨论仪表10中各个部件。采用常规的电流互感器将被测原始电流读出。装置18A-18C的电流互感器部分最好有严格的比率误差与相移规格,以把影响仪表校准的因素限制在电子组件本身。这种限制将有助于降低仪表10编程的难度。装置18A-18C的分流电阻部分位于上述电子组件上,并且最好是其最大温度系数为25ppm/℃的金属薄膜电阻。
相位电压被直接送至电子组件中,在此,电阻分压器12A-12C对处理器14的这些输入信号进行换算。在本较佳实施例中,电子元件表示为三线δ系统每行电压的矢量和及所有其它辅助装置的接地。电阻分压器用于分配输入电压以便在跨越很宽的动态范围上获得具有最小相移的真正线性电压。它可以与开关电源一起提供较宽的电压工作范围。
将能够理解到,能量单位最初是从电压和电流之积中计算出来的。在本较佳实施例中,使用的特定公式更详细地描述于本案的共同未决申请中,(代理文件号为B900250/ABME-0008),它与本案同时提交,在此引用为参考文件。但为图1之目的,这些公式是在处理器14中实现的。
M37428微控制器16是一个具有位测试与处理扩展指令集的6502(常规的8位微处理器)改型。该微控制器具有很多的功能,包括:内部LCD驱动器(128个四路复用段(quadraplexed segments),8K字节ROM,384字节RAM,一全双工硬件UART,5个计时器,双时钟输入(32.768KHz~8MHz)及一个低功率工作模式。
在正常工作期间,如上所述处理器16从处理器14中接收4.1472MHz时钟信号。这一时钟信号被转换成1.0368MHz周期时间。断电时,处理器16转向32.768KHz的晶体振荡器32。这样就可以以周期时间为16.384KHz进行低功率工作。在断电期间,处理器16通过计数秒数和使时间向前进位来保持时间跟踪。一旦处理器16已将时间向前进位了,就执行WIT指令,它将该单位置于只有32.768KHz振荡器与定时器工作的模式。在这种工作模式下,一定时器被设置成每隔32.768KHz周期就“唤醒”处理器16计数一秒。
尽管电源20可以是任何现有的能提供所需直流电的电源,但较佳的电源20是如共同未决申请ABB-0010中所详细描述的。该申请与本申请同时提交,且在此引为参考文件。
现在结合图2A-2E及图3阐明处理器16的主要工作.在步骤1000将一复位信号提供给微控制器16。一旦电平Vdd升至大约2.8V就出现一复位周期。只要仪表一上电就会具备这种条件。
在步骤1002,微控制器16完成初始化操作,其中将堆栈指示器初始化,将内部RAM初始化,将液晶显示器的类型送入到处理器16的显示驱动器部分,并且将需要在上电时初努化的定时器初始化。将注意到,并不是在每次数电出现后都需要进行步骤1002的操作。断电之后,再次供电时,微控制器16在步骤1004返回到主程序。
当初始加电或断电后恢复供电时,微处理器16都要执行恢复功能。在步骤1006,微控制器16截止处理器14发送的脉冲。截止这些脉冲是通过提供适当的信号恢复位来进行的。该位的出现表示恢复操作正在开始,并且在此期间产生的脉冲应7被忽略。设置好信号恢复位之后,微控制器16在步骤1008判定是否有断电信号存在。如果有断电信号出现,微控制器16在步骤1010跳转到断电例程。在该断电例程中,除非恢复位还未被置位,否则,微控制器16的输出端口被写为低电平。如果恢复位尚未被置位,微处理器16中的数据就被写入存贮器中。
如果未出现断电信号,微控制器16在步骤1012显示段。此时显示的段用相位A的势能照亮。如前所述,相位A的势能是从处理器14提供给微控制器16的。在步骤1014,将UART端口及其它端口初始化,在步骤1016,允许电源中断,使得如果从处理器14的输出A中检测到一个下降沿,就将出现一个中断来指示断电出现。还将看到处理器14将参考电压VREF与电源20产生的分压进行比较。只要电源电压下降到低于参考电压,断电条件就出现。
在步骤1018完成测量集成电路的卸载。可以理解到微处理器16执行的某些任务是与时间有关的,当执行这类任务的时间已到来时,它们要求一个定时器中断。步骤1020允许定时器中断。
在步骤1022,执行自检子例程。尽管实施本发明不需特定的自检子例程,但需要它能够包括一个检测器,以判断正确显示数据是否出现。应当注意,数据是根据相应的分类标识进行存贮的,并给每一分类指定一分类值,使得分类值的和等于一特定数。如果有任何显示数据丢失,那么已出现的数据的分类值的条件就将不等于这一特定和,这将显示错误报文。类似地,微控制器16将处理器14产生的时钟信号与表面晶体32产生的时钟信号进行比较,以判定是否有正确关系存在。
完成自检子例程之后,在步骤1024对RAM重新初始化。在这一重新初始化过程中,一些装入的常数被从存贮器中清除。在步骤1026,对各项进行排定。例如,排定显示器的更新,以便只要恢复例程执行完成,数据马上被恢复,并且显示器马上被更新。类似地,排定光学通信,其中微控制器16判断是否在光学端口上有要通信的设备存在。最后,在步骤1028给出一信号指示恢复例程已被执行完毕。该信号能够包括截止信号恢复位。当这种情况出现时,先前被截止的脉冲现在将被认为有效。微控制器16现在回到主例程。
在步骤1030,微控制器16调用日期时间处理例程。在该例程中,微控制器16观察其内部的一秒位,并判定时钟是否需要改变。例如在夏令时(日光节约时间Daylight Savings Time)的开始与结束时,时钟分别需向前或向后移动一小时。此外,日期时间处理例程设置分钟变化标志与日期变化标志。正如以下阐述的,这样的标志被周期性地检测,并且只要这样的标志出现,就对其进行处理。
将看到,在微控制器16中有两个预定的实时中断,(图2中未示出),即滚动分钟中断和日期中断。在每分钟开始时,执行某些分钟任务。类似地,在每天开始时,执行某些日期任务。由于这些任务对于实现所要求的本发明不是必须的,所以不再细述。
在步骤1032,微控制器16判断是否排定自重编程例程。如果排定了自重编程例程,那么在步骤1034调用该例程。该自编程例程通常在提前存贮的新应用速率中编程。由于已引入了新的速率,所以有必要重新启动显示器。在自重编程例程操作之后,微控制器16回到主程序。如果在步骤1032判定没有排定自重编程例程,微控制器16在步骤1036判定是否排定了任何日期边界任务。这种判定任务的完成是通过判定时间与日期,并检索是否为该日排定了任何日期任务。如果排定了日期任务,那么在1038调用它。如果没有排定日期任务,微控制器16下一步在1040判定是否已排定了任何分钟边界任务。可以理解到,由于使用转换点的时间出现在分钟边界,例如,从一个使用周期到另一个周期,所以在这样的点上有必要改变数据存贮单元。如果已排定了分钟任务,则在1042调用它。如果没有排定分钟边界任务,微控制器16在1044判定是否已排定了任何自检。自检通常被排定发生在日期边界上。如前面所指明的,这样的自检可包括检查累加的显示数据分类值,判定其和是否等于预定值。如果排定了自检,那么在1046调用它。如果没有排定自检,微控制器16在1048判断是否排定了任何季节变化计价数据副本。将能理解到,随着季节的变化,计价数据也在变化。于是,对微控制器16而言有必要在某一季节中存贮测量能量,并开始在下一季节中累加测量的能量。如果排定了季节变化计价数据副本,在1050调用该例程。如果没有排定季节变化例程,微控制器16在1052判定是否安排了自再请求复位。如果排定了自再请求复位,在1054调用该例程。该例程要求微控制器16有效地自读,并且将读出值存贮在存贮器中。然后,自再请求复位。如果没有排定自再请求复位,微控制器16在1056判断是否排定了季节变化请求复位。如果是,在1058调用该例程。在这个例程中,微控制器16自读并且将该请求复位。
在步骤1060,微控制器16判断是否排定了按钮采样。每隔8毫秒进行一次按钮采样。参照图6,给出了有关仪表10面板上按钮设备位置的详细情况。从而,如果经过8毫秒周期,微控制器16就判断是否排定了按钮采样,并且在步骤1062调用按钮采样例程。如果没有排定按钮采样,微控制器16在1064判定是否已排定了显示器更新。该例程会使新参数显示在LCD30。正如由软开关设置所确定的那样,一般每隔3-6秒排定显示器更新。如果显示器更频繁地更新,就无法准确地读出显示器。如果已排定显示器更新,则在1066调用显示器更新例程。如果还没有排定显示器更新,微控制器16在1068判断是否排定了指示器闪烁。将能理解到,使显示器上的某些指示器闪烁,这种闪烁典型地第隔1/2秒出现一次。如果排定了一个指示器闪烁,在1070调用该例程。注意,在本较佳实施例中,定向指示器闪烁的速率与从处理器14向处理器16发送的能量测量脉冲的速率相同。本发明的另一新颖特征是其它一些指示器(不指明能量方向)的闪烁速率大约等于用于相同领域中使用的机电仪表的盘转动速率。
如果没有排定指示器闪烁,微控制器16在1072判断是否已排定了光学通信。将能理解到,每隔1/2秒微控制器16判断是否有任何信号已在光学端口上产生。如果已产生一信号表明希望进行光学通信,那么就排定光学通信例程。如果排定了光学通信例程,在1074调用该例程。该例程使微控制器16在通信范围中对光学端口40进行采样。如果没有排定光学例程,微控制器16在1076判断处理器14是否正在发出错误信号。如果处理器14正在发出错误信号,微控制器16在1078截止脉冲检测,调用卸载例程,并且在执行完该例程之后,重新允许脉冲检测。如果处理器14没有发出任何错误信号,微控制器16在1080判断是否排定了卸载程序。如果排定了卸载程序,主例程回到1078,之后返回到主程序。
如果没有排定卸载程序或者在已重新允许脉冲检测之后,微控制器16在1082判断是否正在进行热启动。如果正在进行热启动,在1084截止断电中断。调用脉冲计算例程,在此之后,重新允许断电中断。应当注意,为了给仪表提供一个新的开始,热启动数据被清零。从而,脉冲计算例程完成先前测量能量所必要的计算,以代替存贮器中适当点中的计算。如果没有热启动,微控制器16在1084更新远程继电器。通常,该远程继电器包含在另外一块不在电子组件板上的板上。
仪表10的所有被认为是永久的性数据都存放在2K字节的EEPROM35中。这包括配置数据(包括存贮品76和80的数据),总的Kwh,最高及累加请求(在TOU中是速率A的请求),历史TOU数据,请求复位的累加数,断电累加数及数据变化通信的累加数。当前计价周期的TOU数据被存放在处理器16内的RAM中。只要微处理器16的功率合适,RAM目录及实时就能得到维护,并且微处理器16将不会复位(即使在请求寄存器中)。
在LCD30上可读到计价及其它测量数据和状态。LCD30的温度补尝由电子仪器提供。即使有这样的补尝,仪表的工作温度范围仍是变化的,并且LCD的5V流动限制LCD30为三路复用(triplexed)。于是,该设计所支持的最大段数是96。当温度处于-30℃时,显示器响应时间也将会明显变慢。有关显示器30如何产生显示信号的进一步详细说明请参见与本申请同时提交的共同未决申请(代理号B900250/ABB-0008),该文件在此引为对比文件。
图3中表示的96个可用LCD段使用如下。六个数字(高.0375)用作数据显示器,三个较小数字(高.25)用于数字标识器。除了这些数字标识器外,还有十七组用于标识字母的字母指示器。它们是:PREV、SEAS、RATE、A、B、C、D、CONT、CUM、RESETS、MAX、TOTAL、KV/、\、-\、R和h。后五个指示器通过组合可产生KW、Kwh,KVA,KVAh,KVAR,或KVARh。在LCD上还提供三个电势指示器,它们形状如灯泡。这些指示器可独立工作,并且在相应的相位电势大于57.6Vrms时,持续点亮,而当电势低于38.4Vrms时则闪烁。“TEST”,“ALT”,及“EOT”指示器用于给出何时仪器处于检测方式、更换滚动(alternate scroll)方式、或请求间隔结束已出现的指示。在LCD上还提供有六个脉冲指示器200-210,用于指示瓦特小时及更换参数(VA-小时或VAR-小时)。
脉冲指示器200-210被分成两组,每组包含三个指示器,一组用于指示瓦特,另一组用于指示VAR小时。每组都有一个向左箭头,一个实心方形和一个向右的箭头。在任一测试期间,都将有一个箭头以一定的速率闪烁,该速率就是微控制器16从处理器14中接收脉冲的速率,同时方形指示器也将以较低的代表盘转动速率的速率闪烁,并以一种模拟盘转动的方式闪烁。注意,指示器200-210闪烁所必须的信号是由处理器16在能量脉冲中断例程中产生的。当从测量点接收能量时,左箭头200闪烁,而向测量点传送能量时,右箭头204闪烁。实心方形202以一定的Kh速率闪烁,该速率与同类型的测试安培和测试伏特的机电仪表相当。方形202不管能流方向如何都闪烁。方形202闪烁的速率可通过以向处理器16提供脉冲的速率分频而产生。继而,测试可以以传统速率(指示盘转动)进行,也可以以更快的速率进行,这样可以减少测试时间。指示器206-210除了与视在无功能流有关之外,以类似方式工作。
通过利用现有测试仪器的反射组件(如SkanA-MaticC42100)的仪表表面,就可以检测到这些脉冲指示器。如上所述,第二组的三个指示器用于指示视在无功能流,并且箭头206和210的顶尖是开着的,这样就不会把它们与瓦特-小时指示器相混淆。
参照图4,可以看到指示器200-204沿一条直线设置,其中指示器202位于指示器200与204之间。随着时间流逝,处理器16产生显示信号,这样,当能流方向是向前时,指示器204总在发亮。但可使指示器200与202有选择地闪烁,以表明能量正在从左向右流动。当能流方向是向后时,则正好相反。指示器200持续发光,指示器202和204有选择地闪烁以模拟从右流到左的能量。
仪表10通过是液晶显示器30、光学端口40、或选择连接器38与外界进行接口。可预见大多数用户都会与LCD相接以检测仪表,一些用户将希望一种红外发光二极管(LED),如LED112,来测试仪表的校准。通常电子仪表除了用于输出瓦特小时脉冲的光学端口外,还提供一单独发光二极管(LED)。这样的设计不但成本高,还会降低可靠性,并限制测试能力。本发明可通过单独多路复用光学端口40上的各种测量函数输出信号和脉冲速率,来克服这些限制。任何时候只要仪表已由人工设置为测试方式(如图5中的“TEST”命令按钮被按下)或更换滚动方式(图5中ALT命令按钮按下),仪表10就在光学端口40上反射Kh值瓦特小时测试输出。当处于这些人工初始化模式时,通过光学端口40进入处理器16的通信被阻止。应当注意,在本较佳实施例中,不需移动仪表盖(图中未示出)就可以接通ALT按钮。为此,在仪表盖中提供一个小的活动移轴(图中未示出),使得当轴移动时,ALT分量就可以接通。
现在参看图5,更详细地表示了光学端口40与复位电路108。光学端口40提供了对测量信息的电子存取。发射器与接收器(晶体管110和112)是850毫微米红外组件,并被包含于电子组件中(而不是安装在仪表盖中)。晶体管110和发光二极管112连接在微控制器16中的UART上,并且通信速率(9600波特)受限于光学元件的响应时间。也可以从UART(如下所述)使光学端口截止,以使UART被用作将来其它与环境光无关的通信。在测试方式期间,光学端40将响应通过发射LED112发出由微控制器接收的瓦特小时脉冲,以便在不需增加LED的情况下,与传统的测试实线相一致。
仪表10还提供了通过光学端口函数、最好利用数据命令进入或退出测试方式的能力。当通过光学端口进入测试方式时,仪表反射应光学端口发射器上发射的命令所定义的检测脉冲。这样允许只用一个LED就可以多路复用测量函数或脉冲速率。在本较佳实施例中,这种多路复用方案是一种时间基多路复用操作。仪表将监听进一步的通信指令。增加指令可以改变光学端口40上测试输出的速率与测量参数。当仪表处于测试方式时,它将“确认”任何发送的指令,并且“确认”退出测试方式指令。当处于光学初始化测试方式时,除上述指令外的一切指令都将得到正常处理。因为存在反射脉冲混淆程序员读出接收器的可能性,可能希望有一条停止脉冲反射的指令,以使通信不中断地进行。如果留在测试方式中,则应用超出三个请求间隔以外的通常测试时间。
上述数据指令被称为“进入测试方式”,并且有一个如下定义的数据字节跟随其后。该指令与其它通信指令一样都由处理器16确认。该指令将仪表10置入标准的测试方式。当处于这种方式时,不应用通信内部命令超时。于是通信时间不结束,除非发送了终止通信时间命令或测试方式由目前测试方式的任何正常途径(按下测试按钮,或断电,等等)而被中止(包括无活动超时)。显示器30周期性地通过正常测试方式显示序列(见主程序的步骤1044,1060和1064)并且按下按钮执行其正常测试函数。多次发送该指令将引起测试方式和其相关超时计数器在每次发送之后重新启动。
数据字节定义处理器16的输入脉冲行应被多路复用,并且通过光学端口40被发送。可以设置多行以完成总计功能。数据字节的每一位定义如下:
位0=变更测试脉冲,
位1=变更发送脉冲,
位2=变更接收脉冲,
位3=Whr测试脉冲,
位4=Whr发送脉冲,
位5=Whr接收脉冲,
第六位与第七位未被使用。
如果未设置任何位,仪表停止发送脉冲。这可用于发送其它通信命令而不必担心与输出脉冲间的数据冲突。处于这种方式时,可接收其它通信指令。可以读测试数据,可对仪表重新编程,可复位计价数据或初始化热启动。由于总的KWH与最大请求信息被存贮在EEPROM35中,所以能够使测试数据在存贮器区域中得到处理,并且诸如请求复位与热启动等函数在测试方式的数据上而不是实际计价数据上工作。任何后继“进入测试方式指令”都会复位测试方式数据,如同测试方式中的人工请求复位那样。
该指令也提供一种不需移动仪表盖就能进入测试方式的途径。这对某些应用非常有益。
尽管已经参照特定实施例描述和图示了本发明,本领域专业人员可以认识到,在不离开以上描述的本发明的原理和后续提出的权利要求书的前提下,可对其做出一些修改和变化。
Claims (10)
1.用于以电子方式显示被测电能的装置,所述电能包括有伏安特性,其中提供有表示所述伏安特性的电压与电流信号,所述装置包括:
一个第一处理器,被连接用来接收所述电压与电流信号,用以从所述电压与电流信号中测量多种类型的电能,并且产生代表所述多种类型电能的能量信号;
一个第一转换器,用于将电输出信号转换成光;和
一个第二处理器,与所述第一转换器相连,用于接收所述能量信号,并根据所述能量信号产生所述输出信号,其中,所述输出信号的产生包括将所述能量信号多路复用成所述输出信号。
2.权利要求1的装置,其中所述第一转换器包括一发光二极管。
3.权利要求1的装置,其中所述第二处理器通过时间多路复用所述能量信号产生所述输出信号,从而从所述第一转换器发送出由不同测量函数得出的能量信号。
4.权利要求1的装置,其中所述第二处理器根据一控制信号仅对所述能量信号中的某些进行多路复用。
5.权利要求1的装置,进一步包括一个第二转换器,用于将光转换成电信号。
6.权利要求5的装置,其中由所述第二处理器输出的那些部分由一通信信号确定,该通信信号是通过所述第二转换器发送到所述第二处理器的。
7.权利要求1的装置,其中,所述第一处理器产生所述能量信号,使得所述能量信号进一步表示测量所述多种类型电能时的速率。
8.权利要求7的装置,其中所述第二处理器通过时间多路复用所述能量信号来产生所述输出信号,从而从所述第一转换器中发送出测量所述多种类型电能中的每种电能时的速率。
9.权利要求8的装置,其中所述第二处理器根据所述能量信号产生表示盘转动速率的盘信号,所述盘转动速率与测量所述多种类型电能中的每种电能时的速率有关。
10.一种以电子方式显示被测电能的方法,所述电能包括有伏安特性,其中提供有表示所述伏安特性的电压与电流信号,所述方法包括下列步骤:
从所述电压与电流信号中测量多种类型电能,并且产生表示所述多种类型电能的能量信号;
根据所述能量信号产生所述输出信号,其中所述信号的产生包括将所述能量信号多路复用成所述输出信号;和
将所述输出信号转换成光。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US839634 | 1992-02-21 | ||
US07/839,634 US5537029A (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-02-21 | Method and apparatus for electronic meter testing |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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CN93100680A Division CN1053965C (zh) | 1992-02-21 | 1993-01-19 | 用电子方式显示被测电能的方法和装置 |
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CN1229921A CN1229921A (zh) | 1999-09-29 |
CN1138983C true CN1138983C (zh) | 2004-02-18 |
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CN93100680A Expired - Fee Related CN1053965C (zh) | 1992-02-21 | 1993-01-19 | 用电子方式显示被测电能的方法和装置 |
CNB981226825A Expired - Fee Related CN1138983C (zh) | 1992-02-21 | 1998-11-24 | 用于电子仪表检测的方法和装置 |
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CN93100680A Expired - Fee Related CN1053965C (zh) | 1992-02-21 | 1993-01-19 | 用电子方式显示被测电能的方法和装置 |
Country Status (13)
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US (7) | US5537029A (zh) |
EP (3) | EP0627083B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1053965C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU675921B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9207087A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2130434C (zh) |
DE (3) | DE69231869T3 (zh) |
ES (3) | ES2116352T3 (zh) |
HK (2) | HK1022949A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9206458A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2117305C1 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA34450C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1993017345A1 (zh) |
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