CN113897776A - 硅钛基改性上浆剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅钛基改性上浆剂及其制备方法。所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂按重量份数计由以下成分组成:钛酸酯偶联剂改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体1~6份,上浆剂原浆35~55份,去离子水30~60份,阴离子型表面活性剂2~6份,抗氧化剂0.2~0.4份和润滑剂0.4~0.6份。采用本发明的上浆剂对碳纤维进行上浆,一方面可以减少碳纤维表面的摩擦,提高碳纤维在应用端的耐磨性,另一方面可以大大减少紫外线对环氧树脂的降解作用,延缓材料老化,并且纳米二氧化硅和二氧化钛还可以当作示踪剂,表征上浆剂的均匀性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳纤维用上浆剂技术领域,涉及一种硅钛基改性上浆剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维作为一种力学性能优异且具有诸多特殊功能的新材料,具有强度高、重量轻等特点,被称作是21世纪的“黑色黄金”,碳纤维及复合材料在航空航天、交通运输、建筑、医疗器械、电子电气等方面具有广泛的应用。
碳纤维表征手段主要有线密度、体密度、上浆剂含量等物理性能以及拉伸强度、模量等力学性能,但随着碳纤维复合材料批量化生产以及延伸应用,碳纤维的贮存期问题逐渐成为关注焦点。通过跟踪库存碳纤维各项性能,发现线密度、体密度以及力学性能等碳纤维自身属性随着时间的延长不会发生明显变化,主要变化是碳纤维手感变硬以及界面性能变差。其主要原因是环氧类上浆剂抗老化性能差,太阳辐射中的280-400nm波段的紫外线对树脂破坏作用十分严重,高分子链的降解致使树脂基复合材料迅速老化,导致碳纤维发硬、表面活性基团骤减,严重影响碳纤维后续工艺性能及与树脂的界面性能。
中国专利申请CN105297448A公开了一种碳纤维用界面增强型纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂上浆剂,该上浆剂中含有纳米二氧化硅,纳米二氧化硅的粒径小,上浆后存在于碳纤维表面,能够提高碳纤维和树脂基体的界面强度,提高制备成型的复合材料材的力学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,通过以下步骤制得:
步骤1,将TiCl4水溶液、NaOH溶液和SiO2粉体均匀混合后升温至60-90℃,保温反应2-4h,反应结束后用碱溶液调节pH至中性,过滤、洗涤,去离子水洗涤至滤液中无Cl-,将滤饼干燥,粉碎,得到SiO2/TiO2复合粉体;
步骤2,将SiO2/TiO2复合粉体分散在醇溶液中,滴加钛酸酯偶联剂,搅拌升温至60-80℃,恒温反应3-5小时,过滤,干燥,制得改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体。
优选地,步骤1中,SiO2为气相二氧化硅。
优选地,步骤1中,SiO2/TiO2复合粉体中TiO2和SiO2的质量比为0.5~2.0:1。
优选地,步骤1中,碱溶液为NaOH溶液、氨水或NaCO3溶液。
优选地,步骤1中,干燥条件为70-90℃下真空干燥。
优选地,步骤2中,醇溶液为乙醇或异丙醇。
优选地,步骤2中,干燥温度为80~90℃。
优选地,步骤2中,钛酸酯偶联剂选自异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(TMC-201)、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(TMC-102)、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯(TMC-101)、单烷氧基不饱和脂肪酸钛酸酯(TMC-105)或双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯(TMC-311)。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种硅钛基改性上浆剂,按重量份数计,由以下成分组成:
改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体1~6份,上浆剂原浆35~55份,去离子水30~60份,阴离子型表面活性剂2~6份,抗氧化剂0.2~0.4份,润滑剂0.4~0.6份。
本发明中所述的上浆剂原浆为双酚A型环氧树脂,可以是双酚A型环氧树脂E-20、双酚A型环氧树脂E-33、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44、双酚A型环氧树脂E-51或双酚A型环氧树脂E-55。
优选地,所述的阴离子型表面活性剂为烷基芳基磺酸盐、三乙醇胺油酸盐或油酸钠。
优选地,所述的抗氧化剂为苯基-β-苯胺或N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺或酚噻嗪。
优选地,所述的润滑剂为丁基硬脂酸酯、油酸铵、硬脂酸胺或油酸酯。
本发明的目的之三在于提供上述硅钛基改性上浆剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按比例将各成分混合,其中去离子水温度为60-70℃,600~1800r/min下搅拌分散2~4小时,制成硅钛基改性乳液上浆剂。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)在碳纤维光滑表面引入硅、钛材料,增大比表面积,提高纤维与树脂间的物理锚定效应,在不影响强度的前提下提高复合材料的层间剪切强度,尤其适用于干喷湿纺碳纤维;
(2)纳米二氧化硅和二氧化钛具有优异的耐光性、耐候性和耐酸碱性,将其加入到环氧树脂中制成上浆剂,一方面可以减少碳纤维表面的摩擦,提高碳纤维在应用端的耐磨性,另一方面可以大大减少紫外线对环氧树脂的降解作用,延缓材料老化;
(3)纳米二氧化硅和二氧化钛对紫外光具有优异的协同屏蔽效果,添加到碳纤维用上浆剂中,能进一步提高纤维表面上浆剂的抗老化性,有效延长贮存期;
(4)将纳米二氧化硅和二氧化钛添加到上浆剂中,不仅可以利用其吸收紫外线性能来提高上浆剂的耐候性,还可以当作示踪剂,表征上浆剂的均匀性。
附图说明
图1为硅钛基改性乳液上浆剂T700级碳纤维的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图进一步说明本发明的内容和技术方案,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明思想情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的简单修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备:将TiCl4水溶液、NaOH溶液和SiO2粉体均匀混合,将混合体系升温至60℃,保温反应4h,保温结束后用NaOH调节SiO2/TiO2浆体pH至中性,过滤、洗涤,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中无Cl-。将所得的滤饼置于70℃真空烘箱内干燥,粉碎即得SiO2/TiO2复合粉体(TiO2和SiO2质量比为0.5:1)。然后将SiO2/TiO2复合粉体分散于乙醇溶液中,滴加钛酸酯偶联剂TMC-201,搅拌升温至60℃,恒温反应5小时,过滤,80℃下干燥,制得改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂的配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体1份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-20 35份、去离子水60份、十二烷基苯磺酸(LAS)3份、苯基-β-苯胺0.4份和丁基硬脂酸酯0.6份一起混合,600r/min搅拌速率下分散2小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例2
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体3份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 40份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例3
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体4份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-51 50份、去离子水41.4份、乙氧基化脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠(FMES)4份、酚噻嗪0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1300r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例4
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体6份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-33 55份、去离子水32.1份、仲烷基磺酸钠(SAS)6份、酚噻嗪0.3份、油酸酯0.6份一起混合,1800r/min搅拌速率下分散4小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例5
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体1份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 35份、去离子水60份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)3份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.4份和油酸铵0.6份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例6
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体4份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 50份、去离子水41.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)4份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
实施例7
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体6份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 55份、去离子水32.1份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)6份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.3份和油酸铵0.6份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
比较例1
比较例1中的上浆剂不添加改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,其他与实施例2相同,具体如下:
上浆剂的配制:按重量份数计,双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 40份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成碳纤维上浆剂。
比较例2
比较例2中采用未经钛酸酯偶联剂改性的SiO2/TiO2复合粉体为原料,其他与实施例2相同,具体如下:
1.SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备:将TiCl4水溶液、NaOH溶液和SiO2粉体均匀混合,将混合体系升温至60℃,保温反应4h,保温结束后用NaOH调节SiO2/TiO2浆体pH至中性,过滤、洗涤,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中无Cl-。将所得的滤饼置于70℃真空烘箱内干燥,粉碎即得SiO2/TiO2复合粉体(TiO2和SiO2质量比为0.5:1)。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将未改性的SiO2/TiO2复合粉体3份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 40份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
比较例3
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备同实施例1。
2.硅钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体7份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 36份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
比较例4
比较例4中采用钛酸酯偶联剂改性的SiO2粉体为原料,其他与实施例2相同,具体如下:
1.改性SiO2粉体的制备:将SiO2粉体分散于乙醇溶液中,滴加钛酸酯偶联剂TMC-201,搅拌升温至60℃,恒温反应5小时,过滤,80℃下干燥,制得改性SiO2粉体。
2.硅基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性SiO2粉体3份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 40份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅基改性上浆剂。
比较例5
比较例5中采用钛酸酯偶联剂改性TiO2粉体为原料,其他与实施例2相同,具体如下:
1.改性TiO2粉体的制备:将TiCl4水溶液、NaOH溶液均匀混合,升温至60℃,保温反应4h,保温结束后用NaOH调节TiO2浆体pH至中性,过滤、洗涤,用去离子水洗涤至滤液中无Cl-。将所得的滤饼置于70℃真空烘箱内干燥,粉碎即得TiO2粉体。然后将TiO2粉体分散于乙醇溶液中,滴加钛酸酯偶联剂TMC-201,搅拌升温至60℃,恒温反应5小时,过滤,80℃下干燥,制得改性TiO2粉体。
2.钛基改性上浆剂配制:按重量份数计,将改性TiO2粉体3份、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44 40份、去离子水54.4份、脂肪醇酰硫酸钠(AES)2份、N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺0.2份和油酸铵0.4份一起混合,1000r/min搅拌速率下分散3小时,配制成硅钛基改性上浆剂。
性能测试
将制得的防老化改性环氧树脂上浆剂对碳纤维进行上浆处理,然后进行热固化。
下面通过性能试验对实验所得的碳丝进行性能评价,试验结果如表1所示。
采用GB/T 3362-2017碳纤维复丝拉伸性能试验方法测试拉伸强度及模量,表征其力学性能。
采用GB/T30969聚合物基复合材料短梁剪切强度实验方法测定层间剪切强度,表征其界面性能。
采用ZHFC4403-2014《碳纤维束耐磨性试验方法》,测定碳纤维的起毛量,表征其耐磨性。
采取自然暴露试验方法,将碳纤维分别放置2年、3年(碳丝贮存期正常是2年),然后再制样测试,用此评价改性上浆剂碳纤维在自然环境中的稳定性。
经各实施例和对比例制得的硅钛基改性上浆剂制备的碳纤维性能见表1。从表1可以看出,各实施例制得的硅钛基改性上浆剂制备的碳纤维的抗老化性能、老化后的硬度及层间剪切强度变化很小。比较实施例2和比较例1,不添加改性硅钛基,界面性能较差,老化后的碳丝手感变硬,界面性能下降明显。比较实施例2和比较例2,未经钛酸酯偶联剂改性的硅钛基添加到上浆剂中,由于分散性差,不如实施例2的界面性能好。比较实施例1-7和比较例3,改性硅钛基的加入,提高了两相间的锚定机械嵌合力,显著提高了复合材料的层间剪切性能,纤维耐磨性有大幅提升,但比较例3硅钛基粉体添加量超出6份之后,粉体容易出现团聚,抗老化性能变差。比较实施例2和比较例4、比较例5可以看出,添加改性硅钛基的上浆剂制备的碳纤维自然老化3年后,其手感及界面性能更优,说明硅钛基对紫外光具有优异的协同屏蔽效果,添加到碳纤维用上浆剂中,能提高纤维表面上浆剂的抗老化性,有效延长贮存期。
Claims (10)
1.改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制得:
步骤1,将TiCl4水溶液、NaOH溶液和SiO2粉体均匀混合后升温至60-90℃,保温反应2-4h,反应结束后用碱溶液调节pH至中性,过滤、洗涤,去离子水洗涤至滤液中无Cl-,将滤饼干燥,粉碎,得到SiO2/TiO2复合粉体;
步骤2,将SiO2/TiO2复合粉体分散在醇溶液中,滴加钛酸酯偶联剂,搅拌升温至60-80℃,恒温反应3-5小时,过滤,干燥,制得改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,其特征在于,步骤1中,SiO2为气相二氧化硅,SiO2/TiO2复合粉体中TiO2和SiO2的质量比为0.5~2.0:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,其特征在于,步骤1中,碱溶液为NaOH溶液、氨水或NaCO3溶液,干燥条件为70-90℃下真空干燥;步骤2中,醇溶液为乙醇或异丙醇,干燥温度为80~90℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体,其特征在于,步骤2中,所述的钛酸酯偶联剂选自异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、异丙基二油酸酰氧基(二辛基磷酸酰氧基)钛酸酯、单烷氧基不饱和脂肪酸钛酸酯或双(二辛氧基焦磷酸酯基)乙撑钛酸酯。
5.硅钛基改性上浆剂,其特征在于,按重量份数计,由以下成分组成:
权利要求1所述的改性SiO2/TiO2复合粉体1~6份,上浆剂原浆35~55份,去离子水30~60份,阴离子型表面活性剂2~6份,抗氧化剂0.2~0.4份,润滑剂0.4~0.6份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂,其特征在于,所述的上浆剂原浆为双酚A型环氧树脂,可以是双酚A型环氧树脂E-20、双酚A型环氧树脂E-33、双酚A型环氧树脂E-44、双酚A型环氧树脂E-51或双酚A型环氧树脂E-55。
7.根据权利要求5所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂,其特征在于,所述的阴离子型表面活性剂为烷基芳基磺酸盐、三乙醇胺油酸盐或油酸钠。
8.根据权利要求5所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂,其特征在于,所述的抗氧化剂为苯基-β-苯胺或N,N’-双苯基-P-苯二胺或酚噻嗪。
9.根据权利要求5所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂,其特征在于,所述的润滑剂为丁基硬脂酸酯、油酸铵、硬脂酸胺或油酸酯。
10.根据权利要求5至9任一所述的硅钛基改性上浆剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按比例将各成分混合,其中去离子水温度为60-70℃,600~1800r/min下搅拌分散2~4小时,制成硅钛基改性乳液上浆剂。
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