CN113897203A - Biomass semi-gasification enhanced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application - Google Patents

Biomass semi-gasification enhanced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113897203A
CN113897203A CN202111048688.7A CN202111048688A CN113897203A CN 113897203 A CN113897203 A CN 113897203A CN 202111048688 A CN202111048688 A CN 202111048688A CN 113897203 A CN113897203 A CN 113897203A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
chamber
gas
biomass
combustion
grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202111048688.7A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113897203B (en
Inventor
易宝军
曾嘉雯
姚丁丁
王心雨
李子木
郭丽敏
张子杭
丁子杰
孙正帅
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huazhong Agricultural University
Original Assignee
Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huazhong Agricultural University filed Critical Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority to CN202111048688.7A priority Critical patent/CN113897203B/en
Publication of CN113897203A publication Critical patent/CN113897203A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113897203B publication Critical patent/CN113897203B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/08—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal and vertical heating flues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
    • C10B33/02—Extracting coke with built-in devices, e.g. gears, screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
    • C10B47/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge with indirect heating means both inside and outside the retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/10—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices
    • C10B5/12—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices with regenerators
    • C10B5/14—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices with regenerators situated in the longitudinal direction of the chambers
    • C10B5/16—Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with heat-exchange devices with regenerators situated in the longitudinal direction of the chambers with separated flues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C10J3/38—Fixed grates with stirring beams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1876—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being combustion gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, a control method and application, and belongs to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis carbonization. The carbonization device designed by the invention integrates the drying chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, the combustion area and the activation area, and optimizes the blocks, such as the reciprocating grate and the grate baffle plate, so as to sieve the biochar according to the density; the gas combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, the drying chamber and the activation chamber exchange heat fully, and then are recovered by a gas collection area designed outside the furnace body, classified and reused by the combustion area and the activation area; the solid combustion chamber realizes full combustion through a multi-combustion channel design; the biochar in the activation chamber moves between the first hollow baffle and the second hollow baffle in an S-shaped path and is fully activated with high-temperature flue gas and water vapor, and the design is favorable for improving the conversion efficiency of the biochar and simultaneously improving the quality of the biochar. And the whole carbonization process has continuous production and high efficiency, and provides important guidance for the carbonization technology of the Chinese herbal medicine residues.

Description

Biomass semi-gasification enhanced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbonization furnace, belongs to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis carbonization, and particularly relates to a biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, a control method and application.
Background
With the popularization of traditional Chinese medicines and the development of the pharmaceutical industry, how to treat a large amount of Chinese herbal medicine dregs becomes a problem to be solved urgently. As early as 2015, the annual output of Chinese herbal medicine residues reaches 3000 ten thousand tons, and the trend of rapid growth is shown in recent years, and how to utilize the Chinese herbal medicine residues is an important technical problem which needs to be solved currently.
The pyrolysis technology is one of the thermochemical technologies, and the characteristic product prepared by pyrolyzing biomass under the condition of limited oxygen is called biochar. Biochar is a loose and porous carbon-rich solid, and is widely used as an adsorbent for removing pollutants in various types of wastewater due to the porous structure, the high specific surface area and the rich oxygen-containing functional groups.
The existing equipment for producing the activated carbon often has the problems of loss of a large amount of substances and energy, poor activation effect, low quality of finished carbon and the like caused by drying, carbonization, combustion and separation of activation equipment, and directly influences the application prospect of the biochar. There are patents for producing activated carbon from biomass, such as: chinese patent 2006101454562 discloses a method for preparing granular activated carbon. The method comprises the steps of screening raw materials, sequentially putting screened fine materials into a drying furnace, an extruder, a carbonization furnace and an activation furnace for drying, extrusion molding, carbonization and activation, and finally crushing, screening, boiling and washing and drying the activated materials to obtain the finished product of granular activated carbon. The invention avoids the pollution to the environment without adding chemical agents, but a plurality of reactors are independent in the production process, the loss of substances and the dissipation of energy are caused in the material transfer process, and the production benefit is not high. Chinese invention patent CN2017101148220 discloses a coal-made activated carbon furnace. The activated carbon furnace is provided with a combustion unit, a reaction unit and an electric heating unit. The temperature rise of the reaction furnace is realized by combining electric heating with heat generated by natural gas combustion, so that the integration of carbonization and activation in the coal-made activated carbon can be realized, and a circular continuous production mode is formed. The electric heating unit consists of a plurality of silicon-carbon rods and a temperature self-controller, partial energy for heating the reaction furnace is provided by electric heating, the method needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, and needs to provide exogenous natural gas, so that the production cost is higher. In addition, a mixed gas obtained by the generated steam, carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas is not uniformly distributed in the reaction unit, and thus the gas and the raw material cannot be efficiently and sufficiently activated. Chinese patent CN2016104544920 discloses a continuous biomass charcoal gas co-production device. The inner cavity of the furnace body is sequentially provided with a drying chamber and a carbonization chamber from top to bottom; after pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis process is combusted in the combustion chamber, high-temperature flue gas is sent to the carbonization chamber to contact with the biochar for heat exchange. The bottom of the carbonization chamber is provided with a sieve plate, the carbonization chamber and the discharge port are separated by the sieve plate, and the sieve plate is driven by a driving device. The device produces the tar content in the course of working and is few, and the biological charcoal and combustible gas calorific value that obtain are high. But the problems of insufficient heat exchange, low biochar quality and the like still exist in the pyrolysis process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating type carbonization device, a control method and application.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention discloses a biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, which comprises a furnace body integrating a drying chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion area and an activation area into a whole, and a gas collection area, a flue gas circulation area and an air preheating area which are positioned outside the furnace body;
the top end of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, and the bottom end of the furnace body is provided with a carbon collecting port and an air inlet; the feeding hole faces to the drying chamber, a slope type air-permeable drying plate is arranged in the drying chamber, the middle part of the slope type air-permeable drying plate is higher than two ends extending along the length direction, and a gap is reserved between the tail end edges of the two ends of the slope type air-permeable drying plate and the inner side wall of the furnace body;
reciprocating grates which are positioned below the slope type air-permeable drying plate and are circumferentially distributed along the inner side wall of the furnace body are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, one end of each reciprocating grate is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the furnace body, the other end of each reciprocating grate is connected with grate blocking pieces which are arranged in the vertical direction, and hollow through holes through which high-density biomass flows into a combustion area are formed in the bottom ends of the grate blocking pieces;
the combustion zone comprises a gas combustion chamber and a solid combustion chamber which are sequentially positioned below the reciprocating grate, wherein the gas combustion chamber is also communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the drying chamber;
the activation area comprises a carbon collection chamber for collecting low-density biochar overflowing from the top end of a grate blocking piece and a biomass activation chamber positioned below the carbon collection chamber, and the biomass activation chamber is connected with a carbon storage bin positioned outside the furnace body through a carbon collection port at the bottom end of the furnace body;
the gas collection area comprises a condenser connected with a gas outlet at the top end of the furnace body, an outlet of the condenser is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a gas storage tank, a gas path of the gas storage tank leads to the gas combustion chamber, the other branch is connected with one end of a water storage tank, the other end of the water storage tank is connected with a steam generator, and the steam generator is connected with the biomass activation chamber through a gas inlet at the bottom end of the furnace body;
the smoke circulating area comprises a smoke temporary storage bin of which one end is connected with the solid combustion chamber, and the other end of the smoke temporary storage bin is connected with the biomass activation chamber; an air extractor is arranged on an air path connecting the temporary flue gas storage bin and the solid combustion chamber;
the air preheating zone comprises an air pipeline connected with the solid combustion chamber, the tail end of the air pipeline is connected with an external draught fan, and the air pipeline is further provided with a heat exchange pipe.
Furthermore, the reciprocating grate is provided with one or two or more grate blocking pieces which are distributed at intervals, and when the number of the grate blocking pieces exceeds one, the height of each adjacent grate blocking piece is changed in a gradient manner along the biomass flowing direction.
Furthermore, a vibration device is arranged on each grate blocking piece.
Furthermore, a flow adjusting plate for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the hollowed through holes is arranged beside the hollowed through holes of the grate retaining pieces.
Furthermore, the top end of each grate blocking piece is also provided with a transition plate for transferring the low-density biochar to the carbon collecting chamber.
Furthermore, the solid combustion chamber is composed of more than one combustion channel which is arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction, an ash channel is arranged between the combustion channels, and an ash cleaning port and an air distribution plate are also arranged in the solid combustion chamber.
Furthermore, a carbon baffle plate or/and a combustion promoting block or/and a speed limiting block are arranged in each combustion channel.
Furthermore, the biomass activation chamber is a hollow cavity designed by an inner side wall interlayer, a conical distributor, a hollow support column positioned below the conical distributor and more than one first hollow baffle distributed along the axial direction and/or the circumferential direction of the hollow support column are arranged in the hollow cavity, the first hollow baffles are arranged in parallel and are not parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the hollow support column, and the interiors of the first hollow baffles and the hollow support column are communicated to form a water vapor channel;
more than one second hollow baffle is arranged on the inner side wall of the biomass activation chamber, and the second hollow baffles are arranged in parallel and are not parallel to the first hollow baffle; each second hollow baffle is communicated with the inner side wall of the biomass activation chamber to form a flue gas channel;
and through holes are formed in the first hollow baffle plate surface and the second hollow baffle plate surface.
In order to better realize the technical purpose of the invention, the invention also discloses a control method of the biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating type carbonization device, which comprises the following steps:
1) before feeding, feeding gas in a gas storage tank in advance into a gas combustion chamber for combustion, controlling the temperature in the gas combustion chamber to be 600-700 ℃, feeding a certain amount of gas into an air channel through a heat exchange tube, igniting the gas and feeding the gas into a solid combustion chamber, feeding the combusted gas into a temporary flue gas storage bin and feeding the flue gas into the inner side wall of a biomass activation chamber, converting water pre-reserved in the water storage tank in advance through a water vapor generator and then feeding the water into a central support column of the biomass activation chamber, and controlling the temperature in the biomass activation chamber to be 400-500 ℃;
2) feeding materials into the furnace body, and starting a reciprocating grate; the biomass is pre-dried in the drying chamber, after pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber, the high-density biomass enters the solid combustion chamber to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, the low-density biomass is transferred into the biomass activation chamber to be fully activated with the high-temperature flue gas and water vapor entering the biomass activation chamber, and the prepared biochar is sent into the carbon storage bin through the carbon collection port at the bottom end of the furnace body;
the gas collecting device sends the collected gas into a condenser, condensed water is sent into a water storage tank and then converted into steam by a steam generator and sent into a steam channel of the biomass activation chamber, and uncondensed pyrolysis gas is sent into a gas storage tank and then continuously transferred into a gas combustion chamber for combustion.
In addition, the invention also discloses the biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating type carbonization device for pyrolyzing the Chinese herbal medicine residues into biochar.
Has the advantages that:
1. the carbonization device designed by the invention integrates the drying chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, the combustion area and the activation area, and optimizes the blocks, such as the reciprocating grate and the grate baffle plate, so as to sieve the biochar according to the density; the gas combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber, the drying chamber and the activation chamber exchange heat fully and then are recovered and classified by a gas collection area designed outside the furnace body, and then can be reused by the combustion area and the activation area; the solid combustion chamber realizes full combustion through a multi-channel design; the biochar in the activation chamber moves between the first hollow baffle and the second hollow baffle in an S-shaped path to realize full activation, and the activation is favorable for improving the conversion efficiency of the biochar and simultaneously improving the quality of the biochar.
2. The carbonization device designed by the invention coordinates the main body of the carbonization furnace with the external gas collection area, the smoke circulation area, the air preheating area and the like, and realizes self-sufficiency of energy on the basis of not needing additional energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbonizing apparatus designed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a carbonization device designed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the furnace body in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of the operation of the carbonization device of FIG. 1;
wherein, the numbering of each part in the above-mentioned figure is as follows:
a furnace body 1 (wherein, the top end is 1.1, the feed inlet is 1.2, the gas outlet is 1.3, the bottom end is 1.4, the carbon collecting port is 1.5, the gas inlet is 1.6, the inner side wall is 1.7, and the gas collecting device is 1.8);
a void H;
a drying chamber 2 (wherein, a slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1);
a pyrolysis chamber 3 (wherein, a reciprocating grate 3.1, grate baffles 3.2 (wherein, a first grate baffle 3.21, a second grate baffle 3.22, a third grate baffle 3.23, a first-level material area I, a second-level material area II, a third-level material area III), a hollowed-out through hole 3.3, a flow adjusting plate 3.4, a transition plate 3.5 and a vibration device 3.6);
a combustion zone 4 (wherein, a gas combustion chamber 4.1 (wherein, a thermocouple 4.11), a solid combustion chamber 4.2 (wherein, a combustion channel 4.3, a first combustion channel 4.30, a second combustion channel 4.31, a third combustion channel 4.32, a carbon baffle plate 4.33, a combustion promoting block 4.34, a wind distribution plate 4.35, a speed limiting block 4.36, an ash cleaning port 4.37, an ash channel 4.38 and a ventilation plate 4.39));
an activation zone 5 (wherein, a carbon collection chamber 5.1, a biomass activation chamber 5.2, an inner side wall 5.3, a hollow cavity 5.4, a conical distributor 5.5, a hollow support column 5.6, a first hollow baffle 5.7, a second hollow baffle 5.8, a water vapor channel IV and a flue gas channel V);
a gas collection area 6 (wherein, a condenser 6.1, a gas storage tank 6.2, a water storage tank 6.3, a water vapor generator 6.4, a fan 6.5 and a flow valve 6.6);
a flue gas circulation area 7 (wherein, an air extractor 7.1, a flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2 and an air pumping device 7.3);
an air preheating zone 8 (a heat exchange pipe 8.1, an air pipeline 8.2 and an air supply device 8.3);
a feed hopper 9;
a feeding auger 10 (wherein, a feeding valve 10.1);
a charcoal storage bin 11;
a discharge auger 12 (wherein, a discharge valve 12.1);
an external motor 13;
an induced draft fan 14;
an auxiliary combustion device 15;
a base 16.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, which aims to solve the problems of high material and energy loss, poor activation effect, low quality of finished carbon and the like of the conventional biomass pyrolysis equipment.
The carbonization device comprises a furnace body integrating a drying chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion zone and an activation zone into a whole, and a gas collection zone, a flue gas circulation zone and an air preheating zone which are positioned outside the furnace body, wherein the gas collection zone and the flue gas circulation zone are used for re-feeding gas recovered from the furnace body into the furnace body, and the air preheating zone is used for heating introduced external fuel gas in an air pipeline and then feeding the heated external fuel gas into the combustion zone so as to provide heat for the drying chamber, the pyrolysis chamber and the activation zone.
Specifically, the top end of the furnace body designed by the invention is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, and the bottom end of the furnace body is provided with a carbon collecting port and an air inlet; the feeding hole faces to the drying chamber, a slope type air-permeable drying plate is arranged in the drying chamber, the middle part of the slope type air-permeable drying plate is higher than two ends extending along the length direction, and a gap is reserved between the tail end edges of the two ends of the slope type air-permeable drying plate and the inner side wall of the furnace body; and then the biomass which conveniently flows in along the feed inlet smoothly flows into the pyrolysis chamber under the action of gravity after being dried on the slope type breathable drying plate.
The biomass gasification furnace is characterized in that reciprocating grates are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, are located below the slope type air-permeable drying plate and are circumferentially distributed on the inner side wall of the furnace body, one end of each reciprocating grate is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the furnace body, the other end of each reciprocating grate is connected with grate separation blades arranged in the vertical direction, hollow through holes through which high-density biomass flows into a combustion area are formed in the bottom ends of the grate separation blades, and the top ends of the grate separation blades are further provided with transition plates through which low-density biochar is transferred to a carbon collection chamber. The reciprocating type grate is further connected with an external motor, the grate separation blades can be one or two or more than two mutually parallel arranged at intervals, when the grate separation blades exceed one, the height of each adjacent grate separation blade is changed in a gradient mode, if the height of each grate separation blade is gradually increased along the flowing direction of biomass, the hollowed through holes are designed to enable high-density biomass to sequentially penetrate through the hollowed through holes to flow out, flow adjusting plates used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the hollowed through holes are arranged beside the hollowed through holes of each grate separation blade, a vibration device is arranged on each grate separation blade, and the flow adjusting plates and the vibration devices are also respectively connected with the external motor.
The combustion zone comprises a gas combustion chamber and a solid combustion chamber which are sequentially positioned below the reciprocating grate, wherein the gas combustion chamber is also communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the drying chamber. The gas which can be combusted in the gas combustion chamber comes from the gas collecting area, and the heat generated by the combustion gas is provided for the pyrolysis chamber and the drying chamber. The solid combustion chamber is used for combusting high-density biomass flowing out of the hollowed through holes of the grate retaining pieces, and in order to realize the sufficient combustion of the biomass in the solid combustion chamber, more than one combustion channel is arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction in the solid combustion chamber, a carbon blocking plate or/and a combustion promoting block or/and a speed limiting block is arranged in each combustion channel, and a soot channel is arranged between the combustion channels.
In addition, the bottom end of the solid combustion chamber is also provided with an ash cleaning port and an air distribution plate, and the invention also selects to arrange an auxiliary combustion device in the gas combustion chamber. In addition, the solid combustion chamber is connected the storehouse one end is temporarily stored up to the flue gas that sets up in the flue gas circulation district, the living beings activation chamber is connected to the storehouse other end is temporarily stored up to the flue gas, the solid combustion chamber with still be equipped with air exhaust device on the gas passage that the storehouse is temporarily stored up to the flue gas to high temperature flue gas after will burning shifts to and further makes the biochar in the living beings activation chamber.
The activation area comprises a carbon collection chamber for collecting low-density biochar overflowing from the top end of a grate blocking piece and a biomass activation chamber positioned below the carbon collection chamber, and the biomass activation chamber is connected with a carbon storage bin positioned outside the furnace body through a carbon collection port at the bottom end of the furnace body; the biomass activation chamber is a hollow cavity designed by an inner side wall interlayer, a conical distributor, a hollow support column positioned below the conical distributor and more than one first hollow baffle distributed along the axial direction and/or the circumferential direction of the hollow support column are arranged in the hollow cavity, the first hollow baffles are arranged in parallel and are not parallel or perpendicular to the hollow support column, each first hollow baffle is communicated with the interior of the hollow support column to form a water vapor channel, and water vapor is introduced into the hollow support column and each first hollow baffle through the gas collection area; in addition, more than one second hollow baffle is arranged on the inner side wall of the biomass activation chamber, and the second hollow baffles are arranged in parallel and are not parallel to the first hollow baffle; each second hollow baffle with the indoor lateral wall of low density living beings activation communicates with each other and forms the flue gas passageway, and the high temperature flue gas that produces by the solid combustion chamber is carried to second hollow baffle and the indoor lateral wall of living beings in, meanwhile, no matter be first hollow baffle, still the hollow baffle of second, and the indoor lateral wall of living beings activation, all set up the surface through-hole, realize and the abundant activation between the low density living beings. The invention also preferably has the characteristic that the distribution density of the through holes is sparse at the upper part and dense at the lower part.
The gas collection area comprises a condenser connected with a gas outlet at the top end of the furnace body, an outlet of the condenser is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a gas storage tank, a gas path of the gas storage tank leads to the gas combustion chamber, the other branch is connected with one end of a water storage tank, the other end of the water storage tank is connected with a water vapor generator, and the water vapor generator is connected with the biomass activation chamber through a gas path;
the smoke circulating area comprises a smoke temporary storage bin connected with the solid combustion chamber, and the other end of the smoke temporary storage bin is connected with the biomass activation chamber; an air extractor is arranged on an air path connecting the temporary flue gas storage bin and the solid combustion chamber;
the air preheating zone comprises a gas transmission pipeline connected with the solid combustion chamber, the tail end of the gas transmission pipeline is connected with an external draught fan, and a heat exchange pipe is further arranged on the gas transmission pipeline.
The invention also selects to arrange a feed hopper at the feed inlet of the furnace body, a feed packing auger is arranged between the feed hopper and the feed inlet, and the feed packing auger is also connected with a feed control valve. The furnace body bottom is equipped with album charcoal mouth, album charcoal mouth is connected and is stored up the charcoal storehouse, store up also to be equipped with ejection of compact auger between charcoal storehouse and the collection charcoal mouth, the same reason, ejection of compact auger also connects ejection of compact control valve.
The invention also discloses a control method of the carbonization device, which comprises the following steps:
1) before feeding, feeding gas reserved in a gas storage tank in advance into a gas combustion chamber for combustion, controlling the temperature in the gas combustion chamber to be 600-700 ℃, feeding a certain amount of gas into an air channel through a heat exchange tube, igniting the gas, feeding the gas into a solid combustion chamber, feeding the combusted gas into a temporary flue gas storage bin, feeding the combusted gas into the inner side wall of a biomass activation chamber, converting water reserved in the water storage tank in advance through a water vapor generator, feeding the converted water into a central support column of the biomass activation chamber, and controlling the temperature in the biomass activation chamber to be 400-500 ℃;
2) feeding materials into the furnace body, and starting the reciprocating grate; the biomass is pre-dried in the drying chamber, after pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber, the high-density biomass enters the solid combustion chamber to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, the low-density biomass is transferred into the biomass activation chamber to be fully activated with the high-temperature flue gas and water vapor entering the biomass activation chamber, and the prepared biochar is sent into the carbon storage bin through a discharge port at the bottom end of the furnace body;
the gas collecting device sends the collected gas into a condenser, condensed water is sent into a water storage tank and then converted into steam by a steam generator and sent into a central support column of the biomass activation chamber, and uncondensed pyrolysis gas is sent into a gas storage tank and then continuously transferred into a gas combustion chamber for combustion.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment discloses a furnace body 1 in a quadrangular prism shape, the bottom of which is supported by a base 16; the furnace body 1 can also be a cylinder or other regular and irregular shapes.
The carbonization device comprises a furnace body 1 integrating a drying chamber 2, a pyrolysis chamber 3, a combustion zone 4 and an activation zone 5, and a gas collection zone 6, a flue gas circulation zone 7 and an air preheating zone 8 which are positioned outside the furnace body 1, wherein the gas collection zone 6 and the flue gas circulation zone 7 are used for re-feeding gas recovered from the furnace body 1 into the furnace body 1, and the air preheating zone 8 is used for heating introduced external fuel gas in an air pipeline 9 and then feeding the heated external fuel gas into the combustion zone 4 so as to provide heat for the drying chamber 2, the pyrolysis chamber 3 and the activation zone 5.
Specifically, a feed inlet 1.2 and an air outlet 1.3 are arranged at the top end 1.1 of the furnace body 1 designed in the embodiment, and a carbon collecting port 1.5 and an air inlet 1.6 are arranged at the bottom end 1.4 of the furnace body 1; the feeding hole 1.2 faces the drying chamber 2, a slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1 is arranged in the drying chamber 2, the middle part of the slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1 is higher than the two ends extending along the length direction, and a gap H is reserved between the tail end edges of the two ends of the slope type air-permeable drying plate and the inner side wall 1.7 of the furnace body 1; and then the biomass flowing in along the feeding hole 1.2 conveniently flows into the pyrolysis chamber 3 by gravity after being dried on the slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1. Meanwhile, a feed hopper 9 is arranged at a feed inlet 1.2 of the furnace body 1, a feeding packing auger 10 is arranged between the feed hopper 9 and the feed inlet 1.2, and the feeding packing auger 10 is also connected with a feeding valve 10.1. 1.4 departments in the 1 bottom of furnace body are equipped with album charcoal mouth 1.5, album charcoal mouth 1.5 is connected and is stored up charcoal storehouse 11, store up charcoal storehouse 11 and album also be equipped with ejection of compact auger 12 between the charcoal mouth 1.5, the same reason, ejection of compact auger 12 also connects ejection of compact valve 12.1. And the gas outlet 1.3 at the position 1.1 at the top end of the furnace body 1 is also connected with a gas collection area 6.
The pyrolysis chamber 3 is internally provided with a reciprocating grate 3.1 which is positioned below the slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1 and is circumferentially distributed along the inner side wall 1.7 of the furnace body 1, one end of the reciprocating grate 3.1 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall 1.7 of the furnace body 1, the other end of the reciprocating grate is connected with grate blocking pieces 3.2 which are arranged along the vertical direction, the bottom ends of the grate blocking pieces 3.2 are provided with hollow through holes 3.3 through which high-density biomass flows into a combustion area 4, for the hollow shape, the screen surface is selected to be composed of screen bars which are pressed into waves, the cross sections of the screen bars are in an inverted trapezoid shape, but the hollow of any shape is within the protection scope of the invention, and meanwhile, a flow adjusting plate 3.4 for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the hollow through holes 3.3.3 is arranged beside the hollow through holes 3.3 of each grate blocking piece 3.2. The top end of each fire grate baffle 3.2 is also provided with a transition plate 3.5 for transferring low-density biochar to a biomass activation chamber 5.2. Three grate separation blades 3.2 which are arranged in parallel are selected and designed in the embodiment, the height of each grate separation blade 3.2 is gradually increased along the flowing direction of biomass, wherein a first grate separation blade 3.21 and the inner side wall 1.7 of the furnace body 1 form a first-level material area I, a second grate separation blade 3.22 and the first grate separation blade 3.21 form a second-level material area II, a third grate separation blade 3.23 and the second grate separation blade 3.22 form a third-level material area III, each grate separation blade 3.2 is further provided with a vibration device 3.6, and the vibration device 3.6, the flow adjusting plate 3.4 and the reciprocating grate 3.1 are all connected with an external motor 13. Biomass flowing down from the edges of the tail ends of the two ends of the drying chamber 2 is pyrolyzed in the reciprocating grate 3.1 and moves at the same time, wherein high-density biomass passes through the hollow through holes 3.3 and is classified in the material classification areas, the obtained high-density biomass enters the combustion area 4, and low-density biomass overflows the top ends of the grate separation blades 3.2 and enters the biomass activation chamber 5.2.
The combustion zone 4 comprises a gas combustion chamber 4.1 and a solid combustion chamber 4.2 which are sequentially positioned below the reciprocating grate 3.1, wherein the gas combustion chamber 4.1 is also communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 3 and the drying chamber 2, in the embodiment, a through hole for heat and gas to flow out is formed in the side wall of the gas combustion chamber 4.1, and a thermocouple 4.11 and an auxiliary combustion device 15 are further arranged inside or outside the gas combustion chamber 4.1. The gas that can be combusted in the gas combustion chamber 4.1 originates from the gas collection zone 6, and the heat generated by the combustion gases is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 3 and the drying chamber 2. The solid combustion chamber 4.2 is used for combusting high-density biomass flowing out from the hollowed through hole 3.3 of the grate baffle 3.2, and in order to realize sufficient combustion of the biomass in the solid combustion chamber 4.2, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, three combustion channels 4.3 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction in the solid combustion chamber 4.2, wherein a carbon baffle 4.33, a combustion promoting block 4.34 and an air distribution plate 4.35 are arranged in the first combustion channel 4.30, a speed limiting block 4.36 is arranged in the second combustion channel 4.31, a ash cleaning port 4.37 is arranged in the second combustion channel 4.31, an ash channel 4.38 facilitating overflow of high-temperature flue gas is arranged between the first combustion channel 4.30 and the second combustion channel 4.31, a ventilation plate 4.39 for transferring the high-temperature flue gas is arranged between the second combustion channel 4.31 and the third combustion channel 4.32, and the third combustion channel 4.32 is further communicated with a flue gas circulation zone 7; biomass with the highest density flowing out of the hollowed through holes 3.3 of the grate baffles 3.2 firstly enters the first combustion channel 4.30 and collides with the charcoal baffle 4.33 to form granular charcoal with uniform running speed, and the external part of combustible gas is sent into the air pipeline 8.2 by the induced draft fan 14 through the heat exchange tube 8.1 and then is heated by the air supply device 8.3 and the auxiliary combustion device 15 and then is blown into the first combustion channel 4.30, wherein in the embodiment, the auxiliary combustion device 15 arranged in the solid combustion chamber 4.2 and the gas combustion chamber 4.1 is preferably an ignition device, and the air supply device 8.3 is a pulse type air supply instrument; the combustible gas and the granular carbon are combusted at the combustion promoting block 4.34, and meanwhile, the air distribution plate 4.35 can effectively organize the airflow, so that the combustion in the first combustion channel 4.30 is more violent. The high-temperature flue gas after combustion enters the second combustion channel 4.31 through the ash channel 4.38 and collides with the speed-limiting block 4.36, so that the ash flow rate is reduced, the ash is deposited at the ash cleaning port 4.37, and the ash can be cleaned regularly through the ash cleaning port 4.37. The high-temperature flue gas after further combustion enters the third combustion channel 4.32 through the ventilation plate 4.39, is collected into a flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2 by an air extractor 7.1 arranged in the flue gas circulation zone 7, and then is continuously sent into the activation zone 5 through an air pumping device 7.3. Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 1, the flue gas circulation zone 7 includes a flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2 connected to the solid combustion chamber 4.2, and the other end of the flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2 is connected to the biomass activation chamber 5.2; and an air extractor 7.1 is arranged on an air path connecting the smoke temporary storage bin 7.2 and the solid combustion chamber 4.2.
The activation region 5 comprises a carbon collection chamber 5.1 for collecting low-density biochar overflowing from the top end of a grate separation blade 3.2 and a biomass activation chamber 5.2 positioned below the carbon collection chamber 5.1, and the biomass activation chamber 5.2 is connected with a carbon storage bin 12 positioned outside the furnace body 1 through a carbon collection port 1.5 at the bottom end 1.4 of the furnace body 1; the biomass activation chamber 5.2 is a hollow cavity 5.4 with an inner side wall 5.3 in an interlayer design, a conical distributor 5.5, a hollow support column 5.6 positioned below the conical distributor 5.5 and more than one first hollow baffle 5.7 distributed along the axial direction and/or the circumferential direction of the hollow support column 5.6 are arranged in the hollow cavity 5.4, the first hollow baffles 5.7 are arranged in parallel and are not parallel and perpendicular to the hollow support column shaft 5.6, each first hollow baffle 5.7 is communicated with the inside of the hollow support column 5.6, and water vapor collected by the gas collection area 6 is introduced into a water vapor channel IV; in addition, more than one second hollow baffle 5.8 is arranged on the inner side wall 5.3 of the biomass activation chamber 5.2, and the second hollow baffles 5.8 are arranged in parallel and are not parallel to the first hollow baffle 5.7; each second hollow baffle 5.8 is communicated with the inner side wall 5.3 of the biomass activation chamber 5.2, high-temperature flue gas generated by the solid combustion chamber 4.2 is conveyed into the flue gas channel V, meanwhile, no matter the first hollow baffle 5.7, the second hollow baffle 5.8 and the inner side wall 5.3 of the biomass activation chamber 5.2 are provided with surface through holes, so that full activation of low-density biomass is realized, and preferably, the included angle between each first hollow baffle 5.7, each second hollow baffle 5.8 and each hollow support column 5.6 is about 30 degrees.
The gas collection area 6 comprises a condenser 6.1 connected with a gas outlet 1.3 at the top end 1.1 of the furnace body 1, an outlet of the condenser 6.1 is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a gas storage tank 6.2, a gas path of the gas storage tank 6.2 leads to the gas combustion chamber 4.1, and a fan 6.5 and a flow valve 6.6 are arranged on the gas path between the gas storage tank 6.2 and the gas combustion chamber 4.1; the other branch is connected with one end of a water storage tank 6.3, the other end of the water storage tank 6.3 is connected with a water vapor generator 6.4, and the water vapor generator 6.4 is connected with a biomass activation chamber 5.2 through a gas path;
air preheating zone 8 is including connecting solid combustion chamber 4.2's air conduit 8.2, air conduit 8.2 trailing end connection outside draught fan 14, just still be equipped with heat exchange tube 8.1 on the air conduit 8.2.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a control method of the device in embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps in combination with fig. 4:
1) closing a feeding valve 11.1 on the feeding auger 11 and a discharging valve 13.1 on the discharging auger 13, opening an auxiliary combustion device 16 arranged in the gas combustion chamber 4.1, feeding the gas reserved in the gas storage tank 6.2 into the gas combustion chamber 4.1 through an induced draft fan 15, and controlling the temperature in the gas combustion chamber 4.1 to be stabilized at 600-700 ℃ through a regulating flow valve 6.6. And a certain amount of fuel gas is sent into an air pipeline 8.2 by an induced draft fan 15 on the air preheating zone 8 through a heat exchange pipe 8.1, is ignited by an auxiliary combustion device 16 arranged in the solid combustion chamber 4.2 and then enters the solid combustion chamber 4.2. The burned flue gas is sent into a flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2 through an air extractor 7.1 on a flue gas circulation area 7, and a pumping device 7.3 introduces the flue gas into the inner side wall 5.3 of the biomass activation chamber 5.2 according to a certain flow. Water reserved in advance in the water storage tank 6.3 is introduced into a water vapor generator 6.4, and the generated water vapor is sent into a hollow support column 5.6 in the biomass activation chamber 5.2 through a pipeline. The heat generated by the combustion of the solid combustion chamber 4.2 is transferred to the biomass activation chamber 5.2 through the side wall to provide energy for preheating, and the whole preheating process lasts for about 15-20 minutes.
2) The feeding valve 11.1 is opened, the reciprocating grate 3.2 is opened, the vibrating device 3.6 is started to vibrate at the frequency of 3Hz, and the flow adjusting plate 3.4 is started to move to the lowest position. Chinese herbal medicine dregs are sent into a feed inlet 1.2 of a furnace body 1 according to a certain flow, fall onto a slope type air-permeable drying plate 2.1, enter a first-level material area I under the action of gravity, enter a second-level material area II when the dregs stacking height exceeds a first fire grate separation blade by 3.21, and enter a third-level material area III when the dregs stacking height exceeds a second fire grate separation blade by 3.22. After about 5 hours, the flow adjusting plate 3.4 is slowly adjusted to enable the high-ash residue carbon with high density to pass through the hollow through hole 3.3 at the lower part of the grate blocking piece 3.2, and the low-ash residue carbon with low density flows through the third grate blocking piece 3.23 to enter the carbon collecting chamber 5.1.
3) The high ash dregs carbon with high density enters the first combustion channel 4.30 and collides with the carbon baffle 4.33, so that carbon particles which are not combusted are prevented from entering the ash channel 4.38, and the speed of the carbon particles is unified.
The induced draft fan 15 on the air preheating zone 8 sends to the air duct 8.2 through heat exchange tube 8.1, and then blows to first combustion passageway 4.30 through air supply arrangement 8.3 regulation and auxiliary combustion device 16 heating. The short burning piece 4.34 that first combustion channel 4.30 lower part set up can effectively assemble gas, and the air distribution plate 4.35 can effectively organize the air current simultaneously, makes charcoal granule and high temperature air take place violent burning in fender charcoal board 4.33 lower part region, and the abundant charcoal granule that does not burn collides with short burning piece 4.34, shakes off granule surface ash, burns out in short burning piece 4.34 region. The combusted ash is blown into the second combustion channel 4.31 through the soot channel 4.38 together with the high temperature flue gas. After entering the second combustion channel 4.31, ash collides with the speed-limiting block 4.36, the ash flow rate is reduced, so that the ash is deposited at the ash cleaning port 4.37, and the ash can be cleaned regularly through the ash cleaning port 4.37. The high-temperature flue gas after combustion enters a third combustion channel 4.32 through a ventilation plate 4.39, is further collected by an air extraction device 7.1, is stored in a flue gas temporary storage bin 7.2, and is sent into the inner side wall 5.3 of a biomass activation chamber 5.2 by an air pumping device 7.3 according to a certain flow.
The low-density carbon in the carbon collecting chamber 5.1 enters the biomass activation chamber 5.2 at a certain flow rate, is activated by high-temperature smoke and water vapor in the direct pressure surface contact process of the first hollow baffle 5.7 after being distributed by the conical distributor 5.5, the activated charcoal is stacked at the carbon collecting opening 15, and the activation process lasts for about 12-15 minutes. The activated carbon is sent to a carbon storage bin 12 for storage through a discharging auger 13.
4) A gas collecting device 1.8 arranged at a gas outlet 1.3 of the furnace body 1 sends the collected gas to a condenser 6.1 in a gas collecting area 6, condensed water is sent to a water storage tank 6.3 for storage, and is converted into steam by a steam evaporator 6.4 and sent to a biomass activation chamber 5.2; uncondensed pyrolysis gas is sent into a gas storage tank 6.2 and sent into a gas combustion chamber 4.1 by an induced draft fan 15 according to a certain flow for combustion, and meanwhile, high-temperature flue gas after combustion goes upward through a reciprocating grate 3.1 to provide heat for material pyrolysis and carbonization.
Application example 1
The carbonized material is mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue with average density of 100kg/m3The volume of the pyrolysis chamber is 22.3m3Can hold 2.23t of materials, has a carbonization period of 5h, and can be carbonized for 24h to 10.70t of dregs of decoctionRaw materials. At this time, the spiral diameter of the packing auger is 10cm, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 4cm, the thread pitch is 1cm, and the rotating speed is 30 r/min. The carbon production rate is about 45 percent, about 30 percent of the total energy of 10.70t materials is used for heat preservation in the heating and carbonization processes of the furnace body, the carbon is produced for 4.86t in one day by continuous carbonization, and the carbon production efficiency is 0.203 t/h.
Application example 2
The carbonized material is herb residue of Chinese medicinal herbs with average density of 70kg/m3The volume of the pyrolysis chamber is 22.3m3The material can be contained for 1.56t, the carbonization period is 5h, and the medicine residue raw material can be carbonized for 7.49t after 24 h. At this time, the spiral diameter of the packing auger is 10cm, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 4cm, the thread pitch is 1cm, and the rotating speed is 20 r/min. The carbon yield is about 40 percent, about 30 percent of the total energy of 7.49t materials is used for heat preservation in the heating and carbonization processes of the furnace body, the carbon is produced 3.01t per day by continuous carbonization, and the carbon production efficiency is 0.125 t/h.
Application example 3
The carbonized material is residue of Chinese medicinal materials such as vine, wood, stem and branch, and has average density of 120kg/m3The volume of the pyrolysis chamber is 22.3m3The material channel can hold 2.68t, the carbonization period is 5h, 12.86t of the decoction dreg raw material can be carbonized in 24h, the spiral diameter of the packing auger is 10cm, the diameter of the rotating shaft is 4cm, the thread pitch is 1cm, and the rotating speed is 36 r/min. The carbon production rate is about 50 percent, about 30 percent of the total energy of the 12.86t materials is used for heat preservation in the heating and carbonization processes of the furnace body, the carbon is produced 6.43t per day by continuous carbonization, and the carbon production efficiency is 0.268 t/h.
In conclusion, the carbonization device and the method designed by the invention realize the full self-use of energy on the basis of improving the conversion efficiency of the biochar, and provide important guidance for the carbonization technology of the Chinese herbal medicine residues.
The above examples are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention has other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device is characterized by comprising a furnace body (1) which integrates a drying chamber (2), a pyrolysis chamber (3), a combustion zone (4) and an activation zone (5), and a gas collection zone (6), a flue gas circulation zone (7) and an air preheating zone (8) which are positioned outside the furnace body (1);
a feed inlet (1.2) and an air outlet (1.3) are formed in the top end (1.1) of the furnace body (1), and a carbon collecting port (1.5) and an air inlet (1.6) are formed in the bottom end (1.4) of the furnace body (1); the feeding hole (1.2) faces the drying chamber (2), a slope type air-permeable drying plate (2.1) is arranged in the drying chamber (2), the middle part of the slope type air-permeable drying plate (2.1) is higher than the two ends extending along the length direction, and a gap is reserved between the tail end edges of the two ends of the slope type air-permeable drying plate (2.1) and the inner side wall (1.7) of the furnace body (1);
reciprocating grates (3.1) which are located below the slope type air-permeable drying plate (2.1) and are circumferentially distributed along the inner side wall (1.7) of the furnace body (1) are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber (3), one end of each reciprocating grate (3.1) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall (1.7) of the furnace body (1), the other end of each reciprocating grate (3.1) is connected with grate blocking pieces (3.2) which are arranged in the vertical direction, and hollow through holes (3.3) through which high-density biomass flows into the combustion area (4) are formed in the bottom ends of the grate blocking pieces (3.2);
the combustion zone (4) comprises a gas combustion chamber (4.1) and a solid combustion chamber (4.2) which are sequentially positioned below the reciprocating grate (3.1), wherein the gas combustion chamber (4.1) is also communicated with the pyrolysis chamber (3) and the drying chamber (2);
the activation region (5) comprises a carbon collection chamber (5.1) for collecting low-density biochar overflowing from the top end of a grate blocking piece (3.2) and a biomass activation chamber (5.2) located below the carbon collection chamber (5.1), and the biomass activation chamber (5.2) is connected with a carbon storage bin (11) located outside the furnace body (1) through a carbon collection port (1.5) at the bottom end (1.4) of the furnace body (1);
the gas collection area (6) comprises a condenser (6.1) connected with a gas outlet (1.3) at the top end (1.1) of the furnace body (1), an outlet of the condenser (6.1) is connected with two branches, one branch is connected with a gas storage tank (6.2), a gas path of the gas storage tank (6.2) leads to the gas combustion chamber (4.1), the other branch is connected with one end of a water storage tank (6.3), the other end of the water storage tank (6.3) is connected with a water vapor generator (6.4), and the water vapor generator (6.4) is connected with a biomass activation chamber (5.2) through a gas inlet (1.6) at the bottom end (1.4) of the furnace body (1);
the smoke circulating area (7) comprises a smoke temporary storage bin (7.2) with one end connected with the solid combustion chamber (4.2), and the other end of the smoke temporary storage bin (7.2) is connected with the biomass activation chamber (5.2); an air extraction device (7.1) is arranged on an air path connecting the smoke temporary storage bin (7.2) and the solid combustion chamber (4.2);
air preheating zone (8) is including connecting air conduit (8.2) of solid combustion chamber (4.2), air conduit (8.2) trailing end connection outside draught fan (14), just still be equipped with heat exchange tube (8.1) on air conduit (8.2).
2. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein one or two or more grate baffle sheets (3.2) are arranged on the reciprocating grate (3.1), and when more than one grate baffle sheet (3.2) is arranged, the height of each adjacent grate baffle sheet (3.2) changes in a gradient manner along the biomass flowing direction.
3. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein each grate baffle (3.2) is provided with a vibration device (3.6).
4. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein a flow adjusting plate (3.4) for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the hollowed through holes (3.3) is arranged beside the hollowed through holes (3.3) of each grate baffle (3.2).
5. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein a transition plate (3.5) for transferring the low-density biochar to a carbon collection chamber (5.1) is further arranged at the top end of each grate baffle (3.2).
6. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein the solid combustion chamber (4.2) is composed of more than one combustion channel (4.3) arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction, a soot channel is arranged between the combustion channels (4.3), and a soot cleaning port and an air distribution plate are further arranged in the solid combustion chamber (4.2).
7. The biomass semi-gasification enhanced self-heating carbonization device according to claim 6, wherein each combustion channel (4.3) is internally provided with a carbon baffle plate or/and a combustion promoting block or/and a speed limiting block.
8. The biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass activation chamber (5.2) is a hollow cavity (5.4) with an inner side wall (5.3) in a sandwich design, a conical distributor (5.5), a hollow support column (5.6) located below the conical distributor (5.5), and one or more first hollow baffles (5.7) distributed along the axial direction and/or the circumferential direction of the hollow support column (5.6) are arranged in the hollow cavity (5.4), the first hollow baffles (5.7) are arranged in parallel with each other and are not parallel with the hollow support column shaft (5.6) and are not perpendicular to the same, and each first hollow baffle (5.7) is communicated with the inside of the hollow support column (5.6) to form a water vapor channel IV;
more than one second hollow baffle (5.8) is arranged on the inner side wall (5.3) of the biomass activation chamber (5.2), and the second hollow baffles (5.8) are arranged in parallel and are not parallel to the first hollow baffle (5.7); each second hollow baffle (5.8) is communicated with the inner side wall (5.3) of the biomass activation chamber (5.2) to form a flue gas channel V;
and through holes are formed in the surfaces of the first hollow baffle plates (5.7) and the second hollow baffle plates (5.8).
9. A control method of the biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating type carbonization device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) before feeding, conveying gas reserved in a gas storage tank (6.2) in advance into a gas combustion chamber for combustion (4.1), controlling the temperature in the gas combustion chamber (4.1) to be 600-700 ℃, conveying a certain amount of gas into an air pipeline (8.2) through a heat exchange pipe (8.1), igniting the gas and conveying the gas into a solid combustion chamber (4.2), conveying the combusted gas into a temporary flue gas storage bin (7.2) and conveying the gas into the inner side wall (5.3) of a biomass activation chamber (5.2), converting water reserved in the water storage tank (6.3) in advance through a steam generator (6.4) and conveying the water into a central support column (5.6) of the biomass activation chamber (5.2), and controlling the temperature in the biomass activation chamber (5.2) to be 400-500 ℃;
2) feeding materials into the furnace body (1), and starting a reciprocating grate (3.1); the biomass is pre-dried in the drying chamber (2), after pyrolysis is carried out in the pyrolysis chamber (3), high-density biomass enters the solid combustion chamber (4.2) to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, low-density biomass is transferred into the biomass activation chamber (5.2) to be fully activated with the high-temperature flue gas and water vapor entering the biomass activation chamber (5.2), and the prepared charcoal is sent into the charcoal storage bin (11) through the charcoal collection port (1.5) at the bottom end (1.4) of the furnace body (1);
the gas collecting device (1.8) sends the collected gas into a condenser (6.1), condensed water is sent into a water storage tank (6.3) and then converted into steam by a steam generator (6.4) to be sent into a steam channel IV of a biomass activation chamber (5.2), and uncondensed pyrolysis gas is sent into a gas storage tank 6.2 and then is continuously transferred into a gas combustion chamber (4.1) to be combusted.
10. A biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is used for pyrolyzing Chinese herbal medicine residues into biochar.
CN202111048688.7A 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 Biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application Active CN113897203B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111048688.7A CN113897203B (en) 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 Biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111048688.7A CN113897203B (en) 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 Biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113897203A true CN113897203A (en) 2022-01-07
CN113897203B CN113897203B (en) 2024-03-08

Family

ID=79188836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111048688.7A Active CN113897203B (en) 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 Biomass semi-gasification reinforced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113897203B (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226092A (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-26 南京师范大学 Continuous biomass low-temperature pyrolytic charring method and charring furnace thereof
CN104031656A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-09-10 北京化工大学 Biomass semi-gasified charcoal production furnace
CN106854471A (en) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-16 山东龙口凯祥有限公司 Continuous biomass temperature control retort
CN108085023A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-05-29 西北农林科技大学 A kind of half gasified bio-matter charing-cooling integration maintains device and method certainly
CN109609137A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-12 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Biomass continuous charring furnace
CN110079337A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-02 河南科技大学 A kind of retort of pyrolysis gas of biomass recycling and biomass carbonated method
CN209702654U (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-11-29 新疆乾海环保科技有限公司 A kind of high temperature carbonization assembly of reduction furnace
CN211284247U (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-08-18 常州市华源干燥设备有限公司 Continuous type carbomorphism device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226092A (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-26 南京师范大学 Continuous biomass low-temperature pyrolytic charring method and charring furnace thereof
CN104031656A (en) * 2014-05-29 2014-09-10 北京化工大学 Biomass semi-gasified charcoal production furnace
CN106854471A (en) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-16 山东龙口凯祥有限公司 Continuous biomass temperature control retort
CN108085023A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-05-29 西北农林科技大学 A kind of half gasified bio-matter charing-cooling integration maintains device and method certainly
CN109609137A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-12 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 Biomass continuous charring furnace
CN209702654U (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-11-29 新疆乾海环保科技有限公司 A kind of high temperature carbonization assembly of reduction furnace
CN110079337A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-02 河南科技大学 A kind of retort of pyrolysis gas of biomass recycling and biomass carbonated method
CN211284247U (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-08-18 常州市华源干燥设备有限公司 Continuous type carbomorphism device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113897203B (en) 2024-03-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7942943B2 (en) Biomass gasifier system with low energy and maintenance requirements
US4452611A (en) Downdraft channel biomass gasifier
CN201756534U (en) Fixed bed biomass gas industrial boiler system
US20100089295A1 (en) Continuously-Fed Non-Densified Biomass Combustion System
CN1814699A (en) Boiler capable of producing jointly oil, gas and carbon and heat-energy by pyrolyzing biological fuels
CN111440629B (en) Gas-solid staged pyrolysis differential staged continuous biomass carbonization device and method
WO2015090251A1 (en) Device for the multi-stage gasification of carbonaceous fuels
JP2006038441A (en) Combustion equipment comprising lower gasification combustion structure for solid biomass, carbonization furnace, and gasification furnace
CN105588127A (en) Boiler combustion system adopting biomass gasification device
CN110295063B (en) Biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system and method
CN109456781B (en) Integrated device and method for carbon/oil/gas co-production
CN102329654B (en) Biomass gasification device and process
CN116697359B (en) Folding three-effect fire grate process
CN206944167U (en) The system for reducing waste incinerator discharged nitrous oxides
CN108148630A (en) A kind of device and method of work for being suitble to a variety of biomass pyrogenation gasifications
CN206157095U (en) Two disjunctor dry distillation formula carbide furnace devices
CN110257093B (en) Control method of carbonization system in biomass external heating method heat and carbon co-production system
CN104479742B (en) Biomass gas preparation system
CN104893745A (en) Biomass carbonization furnace flue gas waste-heat utilization system
CN113897203A (en) Biomass semi-gasification enhanced self-heating carbonization device, control method and application
CN204369820U (en) Biomass gasifying furnace waste heat comprehensive utilization system
CN206669715U (en) A kind of upper-burning biomass vegetable booth thermal insulation stove
CN102192591A (en) Vertical biomass hot blast heater
CN202074687U (en) Vertical biomass hot blast furnace
CN209555134U (en) Biomass continuous charring furnace

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant