CN113894147A - Distributed kitchen waste rapid treatment and recycling method and system - Google Patents
Distributed kitchen waste rapid treatment and recycling method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894147A CN113894147A CN202111134452.5A CN202111134452A CN113894147A CN 113894147 A CN113894147 A CN 113894147A CN 202111134452 A CN202111134452 A CN 202111134452A CN 113894147 A CN113894147 A CN 113894147A
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps: sorting and crushing the garbage to be treated, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; carrying out solid-liquid separation on a product obtained by the hydrothermal reaction to obtain a solid and a liquid, and recovering the solid; separating oil from water in the liquid to obtain oil phase and water phase, and recovering the oil phase; the aqueous phase is worked up. The invention also provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment system, which comprises a sorting device, a crushing device, a hydrothermal reaction device, a solid-liquid separation device, an oil-water separation device and a water phase post-treatment device which are sequentially arranged according to the treatment sequence; the sorting device and the crushing device sequentially sort and crush the kitchen waste, the crushed kitchen waste enters the hydrothermal reaction device to undergo hydrothermal reaction, a product of the hydrothermal reaction enters the solid-liquid separation device to be separated into solid and liquid, the liquid enters the oil-water separation device to be separated into an oil phase and a water phase, and the water phase enters the water phase post-treatment device to be purified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and energy utilization, in particular to a distributed kitchen waste rapid treatment and recycling method and system.
Background
With the advance of garbage classification work in China, the problem of tail end treatment of wet garbage (kitchen garbage) is increasingly obvious, which mainly reflects that the treatment capacity is seriously insufficient and the treatment rate is extremely low; the processing technology mainly adopts a large centralized processing mode, and the construction and debugging period is long; the large centralized treatment facility is far away, the transportation distance of the kitchen waste is increased, and secondary pollution and secondary harm are easy to generate. In addition, the current kitchen waste treatment technology mainly comprises incineration, landfill, anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, crushing and direct discharge and the like, wherein the advantages of harmless treatment and resource utilization of the anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting technology are considered to be more effective kitchen treatment technology. However, the biological treatment technology generally has the defects of complex pretreatment process; the main body biological oxidation process unit has low efficiency, poor economic benefit and the like.
Therefore, the contradiction between the huge kitchen waste treatment requirement and insufficient treatment capacity urgently needs to develop a distributed kitchen waste treatment technology and equipment which have higher treatment efficiency and can be arranged in a miniaturized manner so as to rapidly and locally solve the problems of kitchen waste consumption, treatment and comprehensive utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a distributed kitchen waste rapid treatment and recycling method and system, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
On one hand, the invention provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting and crushing the garbage to be treated, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
(2) carrying out solid-liquid separation on a product obtained by the hydrothermal reaction to obtain a solid and a liquid, and recovering the solid;
(3) separating oil from water in the liquid to obtain oil phase and water phase, and recovering the oil phase;
(4) the aqueous phase is worked up.
Optionally, in the step (1), the garbage to be treated is crushed into particles with the particle size of 1-8 mm after being sorted; preferably, the crushing adopts two-stage crushing, and the two-stage crushing comprises extrusion crushing and cutting crushing.
Optionally, in the step (1), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 105 to 270 ℃, the pressure is 0.11 to 5.55MPa, and the time is 10 to 480 minutes.
Optionally, in the step (2), the solid-liquid separation employs any one or more of precipitation separation, barrier filtration and centrifugation.
Optionally, in the step (3), the oil-water separation adopts any one or more of sedimentation separation, flocculation air flotation separation, membrane filtration separation and centrifugal separation.
Optionally, in step (4), the post-treatment of the aqueous phase employs any one or more of neutralization, flocculation, precipitation, bio-oxidation, membrane separation and evaporative concentration.
Optionally, the distributed kitchen waste treatment method further comprises the step of purifying the waste gas generated in the step (1) to the step (4), and preferably, the purification treatment adopts any one or more of washing absorption, adsorption, catalytic oxidation, photocatalysis and condensation.
On the other hand, the invention provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment system, which comprises a sorting device, a crushing device, a hydrothermal reaction device, a solid-liquid separation device, an oil-water separation device and a water phase post-treatment device which are sequentially arranged according to a treatment sequence; sorting device with breaker sorts and the breakage to kitchen garbage in proper order, and kitchen garbage after the breakage gets into hydrothermal reaction device carries out hydrothermal reaction, and hydrothermal reaction's resultant gets into solid-liquid separation is divided into solid and liquid, and liquid gets into oil-water separation is divided into oil phase and aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase gets into aqueous phase aftertreatment device carries out purification treatment.
Optionally, the sorting device, the crushing device, the hydrothermal reaction device, the solid-liquid separation device, the oil-water separation device and the water phase post-treatment device are respectively provided with a negative pressure waste gas collecting cover for collecting waste gas generated in the kitchen waste treatment process, and the collected waste gas is conveyed to a waste gas purification device for purification treatment.
Optionally, the hydrothermal reaction device comprises a bin body, a stirring shaft is arranged in the bin body, one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the top of the bin body, and a stirring paddle is arranged at the other end of the stirring shaft and used for stirring the materials in the bin body.
Optionally, the lower part of the bin body is arc-shaped, a jacket is arranged outside the arc-shaped part, the jacket is hollow, and heat conduction oil and an electric heating element are arranged in the jacket to heat materials in the bin body.
Optionally, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged inside the bin body.
Compared with the prior art, the distributed kitchen waste treatment method and system provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial effects:
the distributed kitchen waste treatment method has high treatment efficiency, and can realize harmless treatment or recycling of waste gas, waste water, waste oil and the like generated in the treatment process.
The distributed kitchen waste treatment system has the advantages of small occupied area, low civil engineering cost and investment saving.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the distributed kitchen waste treatment method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the distributed kitchen waste treatment system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Compared with centralized large-scale kitchen waste treatment engineering, the distributed kitchen waste treatment device mainly aims at places with small kitchen waste production quantity, such as hotels, restaurants, institutions, learning, communities, streets and the like, can be collected to a large-scale kitchen waste treatment plant without concentration, avoids secondary pollution caused by dripping and scattering in the collection and transportation process, can be treated on the spot in the places, integrates various process sections for treating the kitchen waste, such as sorting, crushing, fermentation and the like, into a device, and forms a small-scale integrated kitchen waste treatment device. This mode of kitchen waste treatment is called distributed kitchen waste treatment.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment method. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the distributed kitchen waste treatment method of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) hydrothermal reaction
The kitchen waste contains high moisture and organic matters, and the organic matters in the kitchen waste are firstly decomposed into micromolecular substances during treatment, so that the kitchen waste needs to be subjected to hydrothermal reaction treatment.
Before hydrothermal reaction treatment, the kitchen waste is sorted and crushed.
Sorting means sorting the kitchen waste, and removing substances which are not suitable for reaction in the kitchen waste, including ironware, stainless steel products, ceramic articles, glass products, stones, concrete products and the like, in a manual or automatic mode.
After sorting, crushing is performed. The crushing refers to mechanical crushing of the kitchen waste, a crushing mode comprising extrusion crushing, cutting crushing or combination of extrusion crushing and cutting crushing is adopted, and the particle size of the kitchen waste after crushing is within the range of 1-8 mm. The kitchen waste is crushed to the particle size of 1-8 mm, so that the subsequent hydrothermal reaction can be fully performed.
After the crushing, hydrothermal reaction was carried out. The hydrothermal reaction is a high-temperature high-pressure reaction, and the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 105-270 ℃, for example, 105-120 ℃, 120-140 ℃, 140-160 ℃, 160-180 ℃, 180-200 ℃, 200-220 ℃, 220-240 ℃, 240-270 ℃ and the like; the pressure of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.11 to 5.55MPa, for example, 0.11 to 1.00MPa, 1.00 to 2.00MPa, 2.00 to 3.00MPa, 3.00 to 4.00MPa, 4.00 to 5.00MPa, 5.00 to 5.55 MPa; the hydrothermal reaction time is 10 to 480 minutes, for example, 10 to 50 minutes, 50 to 100 minutes, 100 to 150 minutes, 150 to 200 minutes, 200 to 250 minutes, 250 to 300 minutes, 300 to 350 minutes, 350 to 400 minutes, 400 to 450 minutes, 450 to 480 minutes, and the like.
Through hydrothermal reaction, organic matters in the kitchen waste are decomposed to generate substances which can be conveniently utilized, such as micromolecular organic matters, carbon, grease and the like, so that the subsequent further purification treatment is facilitated.
(2) Solid-liquid separation
The products obtained by the hydrothermal reaction are mainly mixtures of micromolecular organic matters, grease, carbon, water and the like, and need to be separated and then treated respectively. Therefore, after the hydrothermal reaction, the obtained product is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid and a liquid.
The solid-liquid separation may be any one of precipitation separation, barrier filtration and centrifugal separation, or a combination of these separation methods.
The solid obtained by solid-liquid separation is rich in nutrient substances required by organisms, and can be used as a raw material of an organic fertilizer after being collected.
(3) Oil-water separation
The liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation comprises an oil phase and a water phase, and is further separated into the oil phase and the water phase through oil-water separation.
The oil-water separation is to separate the water phase and the oil phase in the liquid phase by adopting physical, chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and other methods. The oil-water separation may be any one of sedimentation separation, flocculation flotation separation, membrane filtration separation and centrifugal separation, or may be a combination of these separation methods.
The oil phase obtained by oil-water separation has high heat value, so the oil phase can be used as a precursor of biodiesel.
(4) Aqueous phase aftertreatment
The aqueous phase post-treatment refers to the purification treatment of the aqueous phase by physical, chemical, physicochemical or biochemical methods. The aqueous phase post-treatment may be any one of neutralization, flocculation, precipitation, biological oxidation, membrane separation and evaporative concentration, or a combination of these treatments. The purified water phase reaching the standard can be recycled or directly discharged.
In each of the above steps, since odor, exhaust gas, and the like are generated during the treatment, a purification treatment is required. The purification treatment may be any one of washing absorption, adsorption, catalytic oxidation, photocatalysis and condensation, or a combination of these treatments may be used. The purified gas meets the emission standard and can be discharged to the air.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a distributed kitchen waste treatment system. As shown in fig. 2, the distributed kitchen waste treatment system of the present invention includes: the device comprises a sorting device 1, a crushing device 2, a hydrothermal reaction device 3, a solid-liquid separation device 4, an oil-water separation device 5 and a water phase post-treatment device 6 which are sequentially arranged according to a treatment sequence; sorting and crushing the kitchen waste in sequence by the sorting device 1 and the crushing device 2, feeding the crushed kitchen waste into the hydrothermal reaction device 3 for hydrothermal reaction, feeding a product of the hydrothermal reaction into the solid-liquid separation device 4 to be separated into solid and liquid, feeding the liquid into the oil-water separation device 5 to be separated into an oil phase and a water phase, and feeding the water phase into the water phase post-treatment device 6 for purification treatment.
The sorting device 1 and the crushing device 2 belong to a pretreatment device. The sorting device 1 is used for sorting and removing substances which can not carry out hydrothermal reaction in the kitchen waste. The kitchen waste after sorting is conveyed to the crushing device 2 through the sorting device 1, and the crushing device 2 crushes the kitchen waste to a target size. The crushing device 2 is arranged for two-stage crushing, namely crushing and cutting crushing.
And carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the crushed kitchen waste in a hydrothermal reaction device 3. Hydrothermal reaction unit 3 includes the storehouse body, and storehouse body upper portion is provided with the entry, and this entry is through pipeline and breaker 2 exit linkage, and the kitchen garbage after the breakage is gone into in the storehouse body by breaker 2 through the entry that pipeline set up by storehouse body upper portion, carries out hydrothermal reaction at the storehouse internal. The bin body is internally provided with a stirring shaft, one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the top of the bin body, and the other end of the stirring shaft is provided with a stirring paddle for stirring the materials in the bin body.
The lower part of the bin body is arc-shaped, a jacket is arranged outside the arc-shaped part and is hollow, and heat conduction oil and an electric heating element are arranged in the jacket and used for heating materials in the bin body. The inside of the storehouse body is provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor, and temperature sensor is used for the inside temperature of the control storehouse body, and pressure sensor is used for the pressure of control storehouse body to ensure hydrothermal reaction's temperature and pressure.
An outlet is arranged at the bottom of the bin body, and after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, the product of the hydrothermal reaction is discharged from the outlet and conveyed to the solid-liquid separation device 4. The solid-liquid separation device 4 may be a precipitation separation device, a filter cloth, a centrifuge, or the like. And discharging solid obtained by solid-liquid separation from a filter residue discharge port of the solid-liquid separation device 4, and collecting the solid to be used as a raw material of the organic fertilizer.
The liquid collecting tank of the solid-liquid separation device 4 is connected with the oil-water separation device 5 through a conveying pipeline, and liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation is conveyed to the oil-water separation device 5 from the liquid collecting tank through the conveying pipeline for oil-water separation. The oil-water separation device 5 can be a precipitation separation device, an air-floating clarifier, a filter membrane, a centrifuge and the like. The oil phase obtained by oil-water separation is discharged from an oil phase discharge port of the oil-water separation device 5, and is collected to be used as a precursor of the biodiesel.
The water phase outlet of the oil-water separation device 5 is connected with the water phase post-treatment device 6 through a conveying pipeline, and the water phase obtained by oil-water separation is output from the water phase outlet of the oil-water separation device 5 and conveyed to the water phase post-treatment device 6 through the conveying pipeline for purification treatment. The aqueous phase post-treatment device 6 may be an evaporative concentrator, a filtration membrane, or the like.
Further, the sorting device 1, the crushing device 2, the hydrothermal reaction device 3, the solid-liquid separation device 4, the oil-water separation device 5 and the aqueous phase post-treatment device 6 are respectively provided with a negative pressure waste gas collecting cover for collecting waste gas generated in the treatment process, and the collected waste gas is conveyed to a waste gas purification device 7 for purification treatment.
The following describes a distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to a treatment system:
the distributed kitchen waste treatment system of the embodiment comprises a sorting device 1, a crushing device 2, a hydrothermal reaction device 3, a solid-liquid separation device 4, an oil-water separation device 5, a water phase post-treatment device 6 and waste gas purification equipment 7.
The distributed kitchen waste treatment method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: the kitchen waste enters the sorting device 1 after coming, and objects which cannot be subjected to hydrothermal reaction, such as ironware, stainless steel products, ceramic articles, glass products, stones, concrete products and the like in the kitchen waste are sorted out manually. The kitchen waste after sorting enters a crushing device 2, the crushing equipment in the embodiment comprises two-stage crushing (crushing by extrusion and crushing by cutting), and the kitchen waste is all extruded and cut into waste particles with the particle size smaller than 4 mm. The crushed garbage slurry enters a hydrothermal reaction device 3 through a pipeline and conveying equipment, the garbage slurry is heated to 190 ℃ in the hydrothermal reaction device 3, the pressure is kept at 1.33MPa, and the reaction lasts for 180 minutes. The product after the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction enters a solid-liquid separation device 4 through a pipeline and conveying equipment, the reaction product is pressurized and then subjected to solid-liquid separation through filter cloth, and the solid is discharged through a filter residue discharge port and then collected to be used as an organic fertilizer raw material for storage and outward transportation; collecting the liquid through a collecting tank, feeding the liquid into an oil-water separation device 5 through a pipeline and conveying equipment, sequentially subjecting the liquid to air floatation and enhanced precipitation in the oil-water separation device 5, quickly floating the oil phase, enriching the oil phase on the liquid surface, discharging the oil phase through an oil phase discharge port, and collecting the oil phase as a biodiesel precursor for storage and outward transportation; the water phase enters a water phase post-treatment device 6 through a pipeline and conveying equipment, the water phase is subjected to evaporation concentration treatment, the condensed water reaching the standard is recycled or discharged through a municipal sewage pipeline, and the concentrated solution returns to the solid-liquid separation device 4 through the pipeline and the conveying equipment to be subjected to solid-liquid separation again. Simultaneously, above each device department all sets up negative pressure waste gas and collects the cover, collects the waste gas that produces among the kitchen garbage treatment process, collects back waste gas and gets into exhaust gas purification equipment 7 through pipeline and conveying equipment, and tail gas up to standard after being sprayed the washing by alkali lye is to empty the emission.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A distributed kitchen waste treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sorting and crushing the garbage to be treated, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
(2) carrying out solid-liquid separation on a product obtained by the hydrothermal reaction to obtain a solid and a liquid, and recovering the solid;
(3) separating oil from water in the liquid to obtain oil phase and water phase, and recovering the oil phase;
(4) the aqueous phase is worked up.
2. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the waste to be treated is crushed to a particle size of 1-8 mm after being sorted;
preferably, the crushing adopts two-stage crushing, and the two-stage crushing comprises extrusion crushing and cutting crushing.
3. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 105-270 ℃, the pressure is 0.11-5.55 MPa, and the time is 10-480 minutes.
4. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the solid-liquid separation adopts any one or more of precipitation separation, interception filtration and centrifugal separation.
5. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), the oil-water separation adopts any one or more of sedimentation separation, flocculation air flotation separation, membrane filtration separation and centrifugal separation.
6. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), said post-treatment of the aqueous phase employs any one or more of neutralization, flocculation, precipitation, biological oxidation, membrane separation and evaporative concentration.
7. The distributed kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising performing purification treatment on the waste gas generated in the steps (1) to (4), preferably, the purification treatment adopts any one or more of washing absorption, adsorption, catalytic oxidation, photocatalysis and condensation.
8. A distributed kitchen waste treatment system is characterized by comprising a sorting device, a crushing device, a hydrothermal reaction device, a solid-liquid separation device, an oil-water separation device and a water phase post-treatment device which are sequentially arranged according to a treatment sequence; sorting device with breaker sorts and the breakage to kitchen garbage in proper order, and kitchen garbage after the breakage gets into hydrothermal reaction device carries out hydrothermal reaction, and hydrothermal reaction's resultant gets into solid-liquid separation is divided into solid and liquid, and liquid gets into oil-water separation is divided into oil phase and aqueous phase, and the aqueous phase gets into aqueous phase aftertreatment device carries out purification treatment.
9. The distributed kitchen waste treatment system according to claim 8, wherein the sorting device, the crushing device, the hydrothermal reaction device, the solid-liquid separation device, the oil-water separation device and the aqueous phase post-treatment device are respectively provided with a negative pressure waste gas collection cover for collecting waste gas generated in the kitchen waste treatment process, and the collected waste gas is conveyed to a waste gas purification device for purification treatment.
10. The distributed kitchen waste treatment system according to claim 8, wherein said hydrothermal reaction device comprises a bin body, a stirring shaft is arranged in said bin body, one end of said stirring shaft is connected with the top of said bin body, and the other end of said stirring shaft is provided with a stirring paddle for stirring the materials in said bin body.
11. The distributed kitchen waste treatment system according to claim 10, wherein the lower portion of said bin body is arc-shaped, a jacket is arranged outside said arc-shaped portion, said jacket is hollow, and heat conducting oil and electric heating elements are arranged in said jacket for heating the materials inside said bin body.
12. The distributed kitchen waste treatment system according to claim 10, characterized in that said bin body is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor inside.
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| CN202111134452.5A CN113894147A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | Distributed kitchen waste rapid treatment and recycling method and system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735878A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-12 | 湖北森林源环保产业有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114735878A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-12 | 湖北森林源环保产业有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment process |
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