CN113890372B - Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents
Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113890372B CN113890372B CN202111167830.XA CN202111167830A CN113890372B CN 113890372 B CN113890372 B CN 113890372B CN 202111167830 A CN202111167830 A CN 202111167830A CN 113890372 B CN113890372 B CN 113890372B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention provides a maximum power point tracking control method and a maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, which have low cost and can effectively improve the accuracy of tracking the maximum power point; which comprises the following steps: s1, a flyback converter is connected between a photovoltaic module and an electric heating load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary side peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained; s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the peak current of the primary side, and the switching-off time of the secondary side current from the peak value to zero after the switching tube is switched off; s3, in a switching period, adding the on time and the off time of the switching tube to obtain the on time of the switching tube; and comparing the on time of the switching tube with the switching period, and if the on time of the switching tube is not greater than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely, the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and heat storage systems, in particular to a maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation.
Background
In a photovoltaic power generation system, an important approach to improve the overall efficiency of the system is to adjust the operating point of a photovoltaic cell in real time so that the photovoltaic cell always operates near the maximum power point, thereby enabling the photovoltaic power generation system to charge a storage battery with the highest efficiency, and this process is called maximum power point tracking.
The control method for tracking the maximum power point in the photovoltaic system is quite large, the maximum power point is determined according to the voltage and current value of the photovoltaic cell, when the control method is applied to the photovoltaic power generation heat storage system, electric heating units with different power levels are required to be matched, but the output voltage-current characteristics of the photovoltaic module change along with the changes of factors such as the ambient temperature, the heat dissipation condition and the intensity of solar radiation, when the maximum power point tracking is performed according to the conventional control method, the cost is high, errors are easily caused, and the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a maximum power point tracking control method and a maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, which have low cost and can effectively improve the accuracy of the maximum power point tracking.
The technical proposal is that,
a maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: which comprises the following steps:
s1, a flyback converter is connected between a photovoltaic module and an electric heating load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary side peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained;
s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the peak current of the primary side, and the switching-off time of the secondary side current from the peak value to zero after the switching tube is switched off;
s3, in a switching period, adding the on time and the off time of the switching tube to obtain the on time of the switching tube; and comparing the on time of the switching tube with the switching period, and if the on time of the switching tube is not greater than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely, the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
Further, in the step S1, the following formula is adopted:
wherein V is out Outputting voltage for the secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance value of the electrothermal load; l (L) p Exciting inductance for primary side of transformer in flyback converter, i peak For primary peak current, f s For the switching frequency to be the switching frequency,
due to steady state conditions, the input power P in Output power P ou Equal, then P out ＝P in ；
By adjusting the primary peak current i peak And a switching frequency f s The adjustment of input power is realized;
further, in the step S2, the formula is as follows:
calculating to obtain the switching tube on time t on ，
Wherein V is in Inputting voltage for the primary side of the flyback converter;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is N p The number of turns of the secondary side is N s Turn ratio n:
n＝N s /N p
the turn-off time t for the secondary side current to drop from the peak value to zero after the flyback converter switching tube is turned off off The method comprises the following steps:
further, in the step S3, if
Switching period t s For the switching frequency f s The working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized;
further, for the primary side peak current i of the flyback converter peak Comprises the following steps:
setting V_ref as a voltage given signal, a as a voltage feedback coefficient, verr as the error between the voltage given signal and the feedback signal;
amplified by a voltage control loop PI1 to obtain output power P ou Is set to be a given signal p_ref;
then PWM modulation is carried out to introduce primary side input voltage V in As a feed-forward signal, the on-time of the switching tube is determined by constructing a transfer function G (S) to control the primary side peak current i peak Is of a size of (2);
a maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation is characterized in that: including connect in the flyback converter between photovoltaic module and the electric heat load, flyback converter includes switch tube Q1, electric capacity C1, C2, resistance R1, diode D1, transformer T1's primary side one end with electric capacity C1's one end is connected, transformer T1's primary side the other end with switch tube Q1's drain electrode is connected, electric capacity C1's the other end with switch tube Q1's source is connected, transformer T1's secondary side's one end with diode D1's positive pole is connected, transformer T1's the other end with electric capacity C2, resistance R1's one end homogeneous phase is connected, diode D1's negative pole with electric capacity C2, resistance R1's the other end homogeneous phase is connected.
The invention has the advantages that the cost is low, the on time of the switching tube is obtained according to the peak current of the primary side, and the off time of the secondary side current from the peak value to zero is reduced after the switching tube is turned off, the on time of the switching tube is compared with the switching period to judge whether the tracking of the maximum power point is realized, the accuracy of the tracking of the maximum power point is improved, the matching of the electric heating units with different power levels can be realized, and the invention has better use value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a flyback converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the on-time and primary-secondary side current waveforms of the switching tube according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the voltage loop control of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, a flyback converter is connected between a photovoltaic module and an electric heating load, when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary side peak current and the switching frequency of a flyback converter switching tube are obtained, and the primary side peak current and the switching frequency of the flyback converter switching tube are determined by circuit parameters and set output power;
specifically, in step S1, the following formula is adopted:
wherein V is out Outputting voltage for the secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance of the electrothermal load; l (L) p I is the primary side excitation inductance of the transformer in the flyback converter peak For primary peak current, f s For the switching frequency to be the switching frequency,
due to steady state conditions, the input power P in Output power P ou Equal, then P out ＝P in ；
By adjusting the primary peak current i peak And a switching frequency f s The adjustment of input power is realized;
s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the peak current of the primary side, and the switching-off time of the secondary side current from the peak value to zero after the switching tube is switched off;
specifically, in step S2, the formula is used:
calculating to obtain the switching tube on time t on ，
Wherein V is in The primary side input voltage of the flyback converter;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is N p The number of turns of the secondary side is N s Turn ratio n:
n＝N s /N p
the turn-off time t for the secondary side current to drop from the peak value to zero after the flyback converter switching tube is turned off off The method comprises the following steps:
s3, in a switching period, adding the on time and the off time of the switching tube to obtain the on time of the switching tube; comparing the on time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the on time of the switching tube is not greater than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized;
if you get
Switching period t s For the switching frequency f s And (3) the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the primary peak current i for flyback converter peak The flyback converter adopts a pulse width modulation method to control the on time of the switching tube Q1 to control the primary side current peak value i peak Through the primary current peak i with the switching frequency maintained constant peak Can dynamically adjust the average power of the output to achieve power point tracking and controlThe control mode of the voltage loop is as follows:
setting V_ref as a voltage given signal, a as a voltage feedback coefficient, verr as the error between the voltage given signal and the feedback signal;
amplified by a voltage control loop PI1 to obtain output power P ou Is set to be a given signal p_ref;
then PWM modulation is carried out to introduce primary side input voltage V in As a feed forward signal, the switching frequency f is determined by construction of the transfer function G (S) s And simultaneously determines the on time of the switching tube, thereby adjusting the output power P ou To control the input terminal voltage V in 。
The maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation comprises a flyback converter connected between a photovoltaic module and an electrothermal load, wherein the flyback converter comprises a switching tube Q1, capacitors C1 and C2, a resistor R1, a diode D1 and a transformer T1, one end of a primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with a drain electrode of the switching tube Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with a source electrode of the switching tube Q1, one end of a secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the resistor R1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the capacitor C2 and the other end of the resistor R1.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples, 4 photovoltaic modules are set, each nominal power 450W,4 modules are connected in series, the maximum output power is 1.8kW, the input voltage range is 45V-200V, the maximum power point voltage is 150V, the electrothermal load is 25 ohms, the maximum output power is 1.6kW, and the maximum voltage is 200V; the maximum peak current of the primary side is not more than 40A, and the exciting inductance L p =10μh, turn ratio 0.875, maximum switching frequency f s_max ：
P max ＝1800＝0.5*L p *40*40*f smax
Thereby can be obtained
f max ＝225kHz。
Minimum switching period t s_min ＝4.44μs
Maximum on time t on ＝10uH/150V*40A＝2.67μs
Maximum off time t off ＝0.875*10uH/200V*40A＝1.75μs
t on +t off ＝2.67+1.75＝4.42us<t s_min 。
Under the condition that the irradiation condition is changed, the IV curve of the photovoltaic module is changed, and the output voltage and the current of the photovoltaic module can be adjusted and controlled to work at different working points.
In FIG. 2, i p For primary current, i s Is the secondary side current.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: which comprises the following steps:
s1, a flyback converter is connected between a photovoltaic module and an electrothermal load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary side peak current i of a flyback converter switching tube is obtained peak And a switching frequency;
s2, according to the primary side peak current i peak Obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube and the switching-off time of the secondary side current from the peak value to zero after the switching tube is switched off;
s3, in a switching period, adding the on time and the off time of the switching tube, and then comparing the sum of the on time and the off time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the sum is not larger than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized;
primary side peak current i for the flyback converter peak Comprises the following steps:
setting V_ref as an input voltage given signal, a as an input voltage feedback coefficient, verr as the error of the voltage given signal and the feedback signal;
amplified by a voltage control loop PI1 to obtain output power P ou Is set to be a given signal p_ref;
then PWM modulation is carried out to introduce primary side input voltage V in As a feed-forward signal, the on-time of the switching tube is determined by constructing a transfer function G (S) to control the primary side peak current i peak Is of a size of (a) and (b).
2. The maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the following formula is adopted:
wherein V is out Outputting voltage for the secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance value of the electrothermal load; l (L) p Exciting electricity for primary side of transformer in flyback converterFeel, i peak For primary peak current, f s For the switching frequency to be the switching frequency,
due to steady state conditions, the input power P in Output power P ou Equal, then P out ＝P in ；
By adjusting the primary peak current i peak And a switching frequency f s The adjustment of the input power is realized.
3. The maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S2, the formula is as follows:
calculating to obtain the switching tube on time t on ，
Wherein V is in Inputting voltage for the primary side of the flyback converter;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is N p The number of turns of the secondary side is N s Turn ratio n:
n＝N s /N p
the turn-off time t for the secondary side current to drop from the peak value to zero after the flyback converter switching tube is turned off off The method comprises the following steps:
4. a maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, if
Switching period t s For the switching frequency f s And (3) the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
5. A maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, which is used for the maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that: the maximum power point tracking control system comprises a flyback converter connected between a photovoltaic module and an electrothermal load, the flyback converter comprises a switch tube Q1, capacitors C1 and C2, the electrothermal load R1, a diode D1 and a transformer T1, one end of a primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with a drain electrode of the switch tube Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with a source electrode of the switch tube Q1, one end of a secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2 and one end of the electrothermal load R1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the electrothermal load R1.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101404446A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-04-08 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Monocycle power factor emendation method |
| CN106058927A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 扬州大学 | Peak-current-based rapid algorithm for maximum power point of photovoltaic grid-connected micro inverter |
| CN107085449A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-22 | 扬州大学 | Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method |
| CN112886836A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江大学 | Flyback micro inverter analog control circuit and peak current control method |
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| JP5944452B2 (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-07-05 | 株式会社ＭｅｒｓＩｎｔｅｌ | Method and apparatus for optimal power sampling control in photovoltaic power generation system |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101404446A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-04-08 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Monocycle power factor emendation method |
| CN106058927A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-26 | 扬州大学 | Peak-current-based rapid algorithm for maximum power point of photovoltaic grid-connected micro inverter |
| CN107085449A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-22 | 扬州大学 | Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method |
| CN112886836A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江大学 | Flyback micro inverter analog control circuit and peak current control method |
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