CN107085449A - Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method - Google Patents
Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107085449A CN107085449A CN201710186280.3A CN201710186280A CN107085449A CN 107085449 A CN107085449 A CN 107085449A CN 201710186280 A CN201710186280 A CN 201710186280A CN 107085449 A CN107085449 A CN 107085449A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The present invention relates to Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method.Current detection circuit detects current signal and send modulate circuit, digital control chip sampling end is sent again, and obtain peak point current maximum in the common frequency power network half period through comparing within a common frequency power network half period, corresponding to main switch current duty cycle D (k), its corresponding common frequency power network half period peak point current maximum is compared into size with a upper peak point current maximum, then current duty cycle should be modified to D (k)=D (k)+Δ d, otherwise current duty cycle should be modified to D (k)=D (k) Δs d, when adjacent two current maximas approximately equal, show that photovoltaic module has been operated in maximum power point, dutycycle when corresponding dutycycle D is then maximum power point.Instant invention overcomes hot spot effect and the high defect of cost.The present invention does not need extracurrent sensor with regard to that can obtain micro- inverter main switch peak point current, maximum power point.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronics and electrical technology field, more particularly to Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor
Maximum power point implementation method.
Background technology
In grid-connected micro- inverter, to realize that the MPPT maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic module is controlled, traditional method is needed
The power of photovoltaic module is calculated, then by comparing whether calculated power reaches maximum, whether to judge photovoltaic module
It has been operated in maximum power point.
Before the present invention makes, common computational methods are that the output voltage and output current of photovoltaic module are done into multiplication
Computing obtains mean power.Need to sample the output voltage and output current of photovoltaic module for this, and the sampling of electric current and voltage
It is required for corresponding current sensor and voltage sensor.Traditional voltage detection method has difference to sample, electric resistance partial pressure is sampled,
Voltage Hall is sampled and linear optical coupling sampling；And the sampling of electric current mainly has the sampling of inverter input circuit string resistance, electric current mutual
Sensor and current Hall sampling.The method of sampling based on voltage Hall and current Hall, can all increase cost, and string resistance is sampled
Although the method cost of electric current is relatively low, sampling loss can be increased to reduce the efficiency of grid-connected micro- inverter；In addition
The device volume that voltage, the current Hall method of sampling need is all larger, therefore is unfavorable for the raising of grid-connected micro- inverter power density.
For the grid-connected micro- inverter of flyback or the grid-connected micro- inverter of push-pull type High Frequency Link, due to the input current of converter
Peak pulse shape is presented, the method that hardware filtering and digital filtering are combined is generally required to obtain its average current, it is known that
Not only increase that cost is higher, and reduce the reliability of grid-connected micro- inverter.Although grid-connected micro- inverter can avoid heat
Spot effect, can allow the power output of photovoltaic module maximal efficiency, and be favored.But the high cost of grid-connected micro- inverter result in
Current photovoltaic micro-inverter market cannot be widely popularized.
The content of the invention
The object of the invention, which is that, overcomes drawbacks described above, proposes Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor peak power
Point implementation method.
The technical scheme is that：
Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method, it is mainly characterized by specifically
Step is as follows：
(1) using grid-connected micro- inverter main switch conducting resistance sample rate current is based on, by blocking diode and partially
Put the combined current detection circuit of diode and detect the electric current for flowing through main switch, the current signal detected is sent to tune
Circuit is managed, the sampling end of digital control chip is then sent through；
(2) digital control chip sampling obtains the peak-current signal of grid-connected micro- inverter main switch, and one
By comparing the peak point current maximum I obtained in the common frequency power network half period in the individual common frequency power network half periodpk_max(k) it is, described
Peak point current maximum Ipk_max(k) the current duty cycle D (k) of main switch is corresponded to；
(3) by the common frequency power network half period peak point current maximum I corresponding to the current duty cycle D (k)pk_max(k) with
Upper peak point current maximum Ipk_max(k-1) size is compared, if present peak value current maxima Ipk_max(k) it is more than the last time
Ipk_max(k-1) the power output increase of photovoltaic module, is then shown, therefore corresponding dutycycle D should continue to enter by same direction
Row disturbance, even D (k) is more than D (k-1), then current dutycycle should be modified to D (k)=D (k)+Δ d, otherwise current duty cycle
D (k)=D (k)-Δ d should be modified to.Modulate circuit 2 works as Ipk_maxAnd I (k)pk_max(k-1) during approximately equal, then photovoltaic group is shown
Part has been operated in maximum power point, dutycycle when corresponding dutycycle D is then maximum power point.
The peak point current for also residing in grid-connected micro- inverter main switch of being sampled using only existing switching tube, from
And extra current sensor is eliminated, while also eliminating the voltage sensor needed for traditional calculations output power of photovoltaic module
Device.
Described also reside in employs a kind of dutycycle perturbation motion method based on peak point current maximum and realizes maximum power point
Tracking.
Advantages of the present invention and effect are：
Because not needing extra current sensor with regard to that can obtain the peak point current of micro- inverter main switch, thus cost obtains
To reduce；This programme is by disturbing the dutycycle of switching tube and by the ratio of peak point current maximum in the corresponding power frequency half period
Compared with finally realizing the maximum power output of photovoltaic module, it is seen that the present invention realizes that the control process of MPPT maximum power point tracking does not make
With the output voltage of photovoltaic module, therefore mean power is exported by calculating photovoltaic module with tradition and determines whether to be operated in most
The method of high-power point compares, it is clear that method of the invention need not sampling photovoltaic module output voltage voltage sensor, therefore
Cost is relatively low.
Due to without extra current sensor is introduced in this programme, also not using sampling photovoltaic module output voltage
Voltage sensor, so that the power density of grid-connected micro- inverter is improved.
The present invention can realize high power density, grid-connected micro- inverter of low cost, so as to be conducive to grid-connected
The marketization of micro- inverter.
This programme proposes a kind of dutycycle perturbation motion method based on peak point current maximum and realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking.
The average power content of calculating photovoltaic module is needed in traditional maximal power tracing technology, light is judged further according to the size of performance number
Whether volt component reaches maximum power output.
The power output that conventional method calculates photovoltaic module is related to multiplying, as long as and of the invention by peak-peak
The logic that electric current carries out size compares, therefore the workload of operation of program unit is relatively small, and executing efficiency is high, so as to drop
The low requirement to digital control chip, can using low cost digital control chip, further reduce grid-connected micro- inversion
The cost of device.
The further advantage and effect of the present invention will be gone on to say below.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 --- the principle of the invention illustrates schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 --- application circuit hardware of the present invention constitutes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 --- the present invention realizes MPPT control flow chart by comparing the size of peak value current maxima.
Fig. 4 --- based on the experimental waveform schematic diagram for comparing peak value current algorithm and realizing MPPT maximum power point tracking in the present invention.
Designation in Fig. 1：
Designation in Fig. 2：
Designation in Fig. 3：
Each part correspondence label is as follows in Fig. 1,2：
Detect circuit 1, modulate circuit 2, digital control chip 3.
Embodiment
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, part of the invention is constituted：Detect circuit 1, modulate circuit 2 and digital control chip 3.Inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit 1 is made up of the main switch in micro- inverter and its detection circuit, and electric current flows through switch mosfet pipe, through its conducting resistance
Formed and current signal IpCorresponding voltage signal, might as well only use current signal I herepTo describe, then by detecting that circuit will
Current signal is sent to modulate circuit 2, it is conditioned after be then sent through in digital control chip 3, be programmed to by digital control chip 3
MPPT maximum power point tracking.Modulate circuit 2 is the difference sample circuit being made up of amplifier and its peripheral devices.
Switching tube drive signal Vdr is through gate pole current-limiting resistance RgOutput is divided into two-way, and micro- converter main circuit is connected to all the way
The gate pole of middle switching tube is respectively coupled to controlling the break-make of switch mosfet pipe, another road to be divided into two-way after connecting current-limiting resistance R1
Blocking diode D2 anode and biasing diode D3 anode, blocking diode D2 negative electrode are coupled to micro- converter main circuit
Middle switch mosfet pipe Q1 drain electrode, biasing diode D3 negative electrode is coupled to the positive terminal of amplifier, will be believed by modulate circuit 2
Number give digital control chip 3.When switching tube drive signal Vdr is high level, the switching tube Q1 in micro- converter main circuit is led
It is logical, the electric current I in main circuitpBy switching tube Q1, voltage landing is produced in switching tube Q1 conducting resistance, now blocks two
Pole pipe D2 is turned on because bearing forward voltage, and obtains a magnitude of voltage in its anode, and the magnitude of voltage is turned on equal to switching tube Q1
Ohmically voltage drop and blocking diode D2 electric conduction pressure drop sums, then given after biasing the voltage-drop compensation on diode D3
The positive input of amplifier into modulate circuit 2, as long as biasing diode D3 and blocking diode D2 selection same models, so that it may
To think that the voltage obtained by the input of amplifier is equal to the pressure drop in switching tube Q1 conducting resistances, also just obtain flowing through switch
Electric current I in pipe Q1pMeasurement.Understand that detection circuit 1 and modulate circuit 2 can detect and grid-connected micro- inverter main switch of sampling
In peak point current Ip, it is then sent through digital control chip 3, at the program processing unit progress in digital control chip 3
Reason.Within half of common frequency power network cycle, when grid-connected micro- inverter main switch Q1 works by electric current critical continuous mode, obtain successively
Peak point current Ipk_i(i=1,2 ..., N).In the program processing unit of digital control chip 3, by comparing Ipk_iBig I
To obtain peak inrush current Ipk_max.In Fig. 1, Ip_maxIt is peak inrush current Ipk_maxThe average electricity of place switch periods
Stream；Ip_i(i=1,2 ..., N) is peak point current Ipk_iThe average current of place switch periods.
The present invention realizes current sample using the conducting resistance of switch mosfet pipe, so as to obtain grid-connected micro- inverter
Main switch Q1 peak point current IpIf sampling number is n times within a common frequency power network half period, N number of peak value electricity is obtained
Sampled value is flowed, i.e., I is obtained in program processing unitpk_i, wherein i=1,2 ..., N.And within a common frequency power network half period
By the peak point current I sampledpk_iSize comparison is carried out, so as to obtain the peak inrush current in the common frequency power network half period
Ipk_max, by described peak inrush current Ipk_maxCompared with the peak inrush current obtained in a upper common frequency power network half period
Size, if described peak inrush current has been maximum, i.e., the peak inrush current in the follow-up common frequency power network half period
All than described peak inrush current Ipk_maxIt is small, then described peak inrush current Ipk_maxCorresponding operating mode is exactly photovoltaic
The maximum power output state of component, that is, realize the MPPT maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic module.Otherwise by disturbing dutycycle D's
Value, until peak point current reaches maximum, so as to realize tracking to the maximum power point of photovoltaic module.
Theory analysis process is given below.
As shown in the digital control chip 3 in Fig. 1：For combining inverter, it is output to the current waveform of power network
Should be the sine wave synchronous with line voltage, and output current reaches maximum in the crest and trough of sine wave, now master opens
Close the peak point current flowed through in pipe Q1 and be up to maximum Ipk_max, the average current within the respective switch cycle is denoted as Ip_max.If
The output voltage of photovoltaic module is Ui, the output current of photovoltaic module is Ii, then the average output power of photovoltaic module can be one
Calculate and obtain in the individual common frequency power network half period, such as formula (1)：
In a switch periods TsIt is interior, if the ON time of switching tube is ton, then peak point current I can be obtainedpk_maxWith
Average current I in corresponding switch periodsp_maxRelation such as formula (2)：
If the inductance value of transformer TR1 primary sides is L in grid-connected micro- inverter high-frequency circuitm, the voltage U of photovoltaic module can be obtainedi
With peak point current Ipk_maxRelation, see formula (3)：
Formula (3) deformation is obtained into formula (4)：
Formula (1) deformation is obtained into formula (5)：
Formula (4), (5) are brought into formula (6) is obtained in formula (2)：
Ignore loss, the power output of photovoltaic module is exactly the input power of micro- inverter.From formula (6) it can be seen that photovoltaic
The power output P of componentiWith I2 pk_maxIt is directly proportional, and works as Ipk_iDuring ＞ 0, the power output P of photovoltaic moduleiIt is Ipk_maxDullness
Increasing function.Analyzed based on more than, can be by judging I when maximal power tracing is controlledpk_maxWhether reach that maximum is come real
The tracking of existing maximum power point.
Specific to combine Fig. 3 explanations, Fig. 3 is the disturbance dutycycle method MPPT controlling streams judged based on peak point current maximum
Journey.D is the set-point of dutycycle, and its initial value is provided in initialization program, and Δ d is the disturbance step-length of dutycycle.In program
Method of perturbation MPPT subprograms are called with the integral multiple time of common frequency power network half period, by the work corresponding to current duty cycle D (k)
Frequency power network half period peak point current maximum Ipk_max(k) with upper peak point current maximum Ipk_max(k-1) size is compared, if
Present peak value current maxima Ipk_max(k) it is more than Ipk_max(k-1), known according to above-mentioned analysis, now the output of photovoltaic module
Power increases, therefore corresponding dutycycle D should continue to be disturbed by same direction, and even D (k) is more than D (k-1), then currently
Switching tube Q1 dutycycle D should be modified to D (k)=D (k)+Δ d, otherwise switching tube Q1 dutycycle D should be D (k)=D (k)-
Δd.If present peak value current maxima Ipk_max(k) it is less than Ipk_max(k-1), known according to above-mentioned analysis, now photovoltaic module
Power output reduce, therefore corresponding switching tube Q1 dutycycle D should be disturbed in the opposite direction, and even D (k) is more than D
(k-1), then current switch pipe Q1 dutycycle D should be modified to D (k)=D (k)-Δ d, and otherwise switching tube Q1 dutycycle D should be
D (k)=D (k)+Δ d.Work as Ipk_maxAnd I (k)pk_max(k-1) during approximately equal, then show that photovoltaic module has been operated in maximum work
Rate point, dutycycle corresponding when being then maximum power point corresponding D.
According to above-mentioned analysis, based on peak point current maximum Ipk_maxMaximum power point dutycycle disturbance tracking, bag
Logic size containing two levels judges, is to peak point current I first within the common frequency power network half periodpk_iCarry out n times peak value electricity
The comparison of size is flowed, the peak point current maximum I in the common frequency power network half period is obtainedpk_max, followed by by different common frequency power networks
Peak point current maximum in half period carries out the comparison of logic size, thus judge whether to have realized maximum power point with
Track.And need to calculate the average power content of photovoltaic module in traditional maximal power tracing technology, further according to the size of performance number
To judge whether photovoltaic module reaches maximum power output.The power output that conventional method calculates photovoltaic module is related to multiplication fortune
Calculate.Therefore this programme is used, the workload of operation of the program processing unit of its digital control chip 3 is relatively small, can save numeral
The resource of control chip, and executing efficiency is high, so that the requirement to digital control chip is reduced, can be using low cost
Digital control chip, further reduces the cost of grid-connected micro- inverter.
The present invention proposes a kind of dutycycle perturbation motion method based on peak point current maximum and realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Know that the method in the present invention need not configure extra current sensor and voltage sensor by analysis above, therefore use this
Maximum power point control technology, realizes the MPPT maximum power point tracking of Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor, it is clear that this
Grid-connected micro- inverter of sample has high power density, low cost and high performance-price ratio.
It was found from above-mentioned analysis：By adjusting dutycycle D size, if the peak point current in the common frequency power network half period is maximum
Value is in maximum, indicates that photovoltaic module has been operated in maximum power point.This is carried to the control of grid-connected Miniature inverter
The thinking of an opened loop control has been supplied, i.e., the work of grid-connected micro- inverter just can need not well have been controlled using closed-loop control
State, so may dispense with the sensor of detection grid-connected current, further saves cost.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
The present invention is applied in the 245W grid-connected micro- inverter of flyback, as shown in Figure 2：The input of photovoltaic module
Voltage range：Ui=22V~50Vdc, specified line voltage vg=180~265Vac, specified mains frequency 50Hz/60Hz, power network
Frequency range 47-51.5/57~60.5Hz.The main switch Q1 of circuit of reversed excitation uses Infineon 190N15NS, flyback transformer
TR1 secondary fly-wheel diode model uses the C4D02120A of Cree companies, and operational amplifier uses the MCP6022-I of micro- core,
Control chip uses the dsp chip of TI companies, model TMS320F28035.
The micro- inverter main switch Q of flyback1In electric current IpThe inspection being made up of switching tube 190N15NS and its peripheral devices
Slowdown monitoring circuit 1, and sampling is realized by the MCP6022-I and its peripheral devices of micro- core modulate circuit 2 constituted, obtained electric current of sampling
Signal IpIt is sent to the program processing unit in TMS320F28035.In program processing unit in TMS320F28035, pass through
Simple logical operation obtains the peak point current maximum I in the common frequency power network half periodpk_max, then accounted for using the disturbance such as Fig. 3
Sky, by carrying out size comparison to peak point current maximum in the common frequency power network half period, finds than method control and realizes peak power
Corresponding dutycycle D during output, it is achieved thereby that the MPPT maximum power point tracking of embodiment, this control process is open loop control
System, without the feedback of grid-connected current.Fig. 4 show the experimental waveform of MPPT maximum power point tracking, and MPPT tracking accuracies are up to 0.99.Can
It is effective to see method proposed by the present invention.
Embodiment, compared with the tracking and controlling method for obtaining maximum power point, is not had not using traditional power calculation and power ratio yet
There is the input voltage of sampling photovoltaic module, simply employ the logical operation for comparing peak current level, therefore corresponding program computing
The arithmetic speed of unit is very fast and execution efficiency is higher；Voltage of the grid-connected micro- inverter of embodiment due to eliminating photovoltaic module
Sensor and extra current sensor part, due to grid-connected current sensor can be eliminated using opened loop control, therefore cost
It is relatively low.The present invention is applicable not only to the grid-connected Miniature inverter of flyback, and suitable for the grid-connected miniature inversion of push-pull type High Frequency Link
Device, and suitable for micro- inverter circuit topology of all peak value comparison methods.
It was found from description more than, the present invention has advantages below：
(1) without voltage sensor and extra current sensor, cost is greatly reduced；
(2) according to opened loop control, then without grid-connected current sensor, it reduce further cost；
(3) circuit of invention is widely used, and is not limited solely to grid-connected micro- inverter, is also used in photovoltaic off-grid inverse
Become device；
(4) method of invention causes micro- inverter to have high performance-price ratio.
The invention is not limited in above-described embodiment, on the basis of technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the skill of this area
Art personnel are according to disclosed technology contents, it is not necessary to which performing creative labour just can make one to some of which technical characteristic
A little to replace and deform, these are replaced and deformed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) using grid-connected micro- inverter main switch conducting resistance sample rate current is based on, by blocking diode and biasing two
The combined current detection circuit of pole pipe detects the electric current for flowing through main switch, and the current signal detected is sent into conditioning electricity
Road, is then sent through the sampling end of digital control chip；
(2) digital control chip samples the peak-current signal of grid-connected micro- inverter main switch, and in a power frequency
By comparing the peak point current maximum I obtained in the common frequency power network half period in the power network half periodpk_max(k), if the master opens
The current duty cycle D (k) for closing pipe corresponds to Ipk_max(k)；
(3) by the common frequency power network half period peak point current maximum I corresponding to current duty cycle D (k)pk_max(k) with a upper peak
It is worth current maxima Ipk_max(k-1) size is compared, if present peak value current maxima Ipk_max(k) it is more than Ipk_max(k-1), table
The power output increase of bright photovoltaic module, therefore corresponding dutycycle D should continue to be disturbed by same direction, even D (k) is big
In D (k-1), then current dutycycle should be modified to D (k)=D (k)+Δ d, and otherwise current duty cycle should be modified to D (k)=D
(k)-Δ d, if present peak value current maxima Ipk_max(k) it is less than Ipk_max(k-1), then show that the power output of photovoltaic module subtracts
It is few, therefore corresponding dutycycle D should be disturbed in the opposite direction, even D (k) is more than D (k-1), then current dutycycle should
D (k)=D (k)-Δ d is modified to, otherwise current duty cycle should be modified to D (k)=D (k)+Δ d；Work as Ipk_maxAnd I (k)pk_max
(k-1) during approximately equal, then show that photovoltaic module has been operated in maximum power point, corresponding dutycycle D is then maximum power point
When dutycycle.
2. Converter Without Voltage Sensor according to claim 1 and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method, it is special
Levy the peak point current being using the grid-connected micro- inverter main switch of existing switching tube sampling.
3. Converter Without Voltage Sensor according to claim 1 and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method, it is special
Levy be the step (3) using a kind of dutycycle perturbation motion method based on peak point current maximum realize maximum power point with
Track.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113890372A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 苏州安步新能源科技有限公司 | Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation |
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