CN113890372A - Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents

Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation Download PDF

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CN113890372A
CN113890372A CN202111167830.XA CN202111167830A CN113890372A CN 113890372 A CN113890372 A CN 113890372A CN 202111167830 A CN202111167830 A CN 202111167830A CN 113890372 A CN113890372 A CN 113890372A
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maximum power
switching
point tracking
time
flyback converter
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CN113890372B (en
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相海涛
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Suzhou Anbu New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a maximum power point tracking control method and a maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, which are low in cost and can effectively improve the accuracy of maximum power point tracking; which comprises the following steps: s1, the flyback converter is connected between the photovoltaic module and the electric heating load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained; s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the primary side peak current, and obtaining the turn-off time of the secondary side current which starts to drop to zero from the peak value after the switching tube is turned off; s3, adding the on-time and the off-time of the switch tube in a switching period to obtain the on-time of the switch tube; and comparing the conduction time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the conduction time of the switching tube is not more than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.

Description

Maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation heat storage systems, in particular to a maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation.
Background
In a photovoltaic power generation system, to improve the overall efficiency of the system, an important approach is to adjust the operating point of a photovoltaic cell in real time so that the photovoltaic cell always operates near the maximum power point, so that the photovoltaic power generation system charges a storage battery at the highest efficiency, which is called maximum power point tracking.
The maximum power point tracking in the photovoltaic system has many control methods, the maximum power point is determined according to the voltage and current values of the photovoltaic cell, when the control method is applied to the photovoltaic power generation heat storage system, the electric heating units with different power levels need to be matched, but the output voltage-current characteristic of the photovoltaic module changes along with the change of factors such as the environment temperature, the heat dissipation condition, the intensity of solar radiation and the like, so that the cost is high and errors are easily caused when the maximum power point tracking is performed according to the conventional control method, and the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a maximum power point tracking control method and system for photovoltaic power generation, which is low in cost and can effectively improve the accuracy of maximum power point tracking.
The technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps,
a maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
s1, the flyback converter is connected between the photovoltaic module and the electric heating load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained;
s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the primary side peak current, and obtaining the turn-off time of the secondary side current which starts to drop to zero from the peak value after the switching tube is turned off;
s3, adding the on-time and the off-time of the switch tube in a switching period to obtain the on-time of the switch tube; and comparing the conduction time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the conduction time of the switching tube is not more than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
Further, in step S1, the following formula is adopted:
Figure BDA0003288108990000011
Figure BDA0003288108990000012
wherein, VoutOutputting voltage for a secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance value of the electric heating load; l ispFor the primary side excitation inductance, i, of the transformer in the flyback converterpeakIs the peak current of the primary side, fsIn order to be able to switch the frequency,
due to steady state conditions, input power PinOutput power PouAre equal, then Pout＝Pin；
Figure BDA0003288108990000021
By adjusting the primary side peak current ipeakAnd a switching frequency fsThe adjustment of the input power is realized;
further, in step S2, according to the formula:
Figure BDA0003288108990000022
calculating to obtain the switching-on time t of the switching tubeon，
Figure BDA0003288108990000023
Wherein, VinThe primary side input voltage of the flyback converter is obtained;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is NpThe number of turns of the secondary side is NsThe turn ratio n:
n＝Ns/Np
after the switching tube of the flyback converter is turned off, the secondary side current starts to drop to the off time t of zero from the peak valueoffComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003288108990000024
further, in the step S3, if it is determined that the detected signal is not correct
Figure BDA0003288108990000025
Switching period tsFor a switching frequency fsThe reciprocal of the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module under the working condition corresponding to the peak current, namely the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized;
further, the primary side peak current i of the flyback converterpeakThe control comprises the following steps:
setting V _ ref as a voltage given signal, a as a voltage feedback coefficient and verr as an error between the voltage given signal and a feedback signal;
obtaining output power P after the amplification of a voltage control loop PI1ouThe given signal P _ ref;
then is subjected to PWM modulation, and a primary side input voltage V is introducedinAs a feed-forward signal, the feed-forward signal is constructed by a transfer function G (S), so that the opening time of a switching tube is determined to control the primary side peak current ipeakThe size of (d);
a maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, characterized by: the photovoltaic energy conversion device comprises a flyback converter connected between a photovoltaic module and an electric heating load, wherein the flyback converter comprises a switching tube Q1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a resistor R1, a diode D1 and a transformer T1, one end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the drain of the switching tube Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the source of the switching tube Q1, one end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one ends of the capacitor C2 and the resistor R1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the other ends of the capacitor C2 and the resistor R1.
The method has the advantages that the cost is low, the on-time of the switching tube is obtained according to the primary side peak current, the off-time that the secondary side current drops to zero from the peak value after the switching tube is turned off is obtained, the on-time of the switching tube is compared with the switching period to judge whether the maximum power point tracking is realized, the accuracy of the maximum power point tracking is improved, the matching of electric heating units with different power grades can be realized, and the method has good use value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic of a flyback converter in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the conducting time of the switch tube and the primary and secondary current waveforms in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of voltage loop control in the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention relates to a maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation, which includes the following steps:
s1, the flyback converter is connected between the photovoltaic module and the electric heating load, when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained, and the primary peak current and the switching frequency of the switching tube of the flyback converter are determined by circuit parameters and set output power;
specifically, in step S1, the following formula is adopted:
Figure BDA0003288108990000031
Figure BDA0003288108990000032
wherein, VoutOutputting voltage for a secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance value of the electric heating load; l ispFor primary side excitation inductance i of transformer in flyback converterpeakIs the peak current of the primary side, fsIn order to be able to switch the frequency,
due to steady state conditions, input power PinOutput power PouAre equal, then Pout＝Pin；
Figure BDA0003288108990000033
By adjusting the primary side peak current ipeakAnd a switching frequency fsThe adjustment of the input power is realized;
s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the primary side peak current, and obtaining the turn-off time of the secondary side current which starts to drop to zero from the peak value after the switching tube is turned off;
specifically, in step S2, by the formula:
Figure BDA0003288108990000041
calculating to obtain the switching-on time t of the switching tubeon，
Figure BDA0003288108990000042
Wherein, VinThe primary side input voltage of the flyback converter;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is NpThe number of turns of the secondary side is NsThe turn ratio n:
n＝Ns/Np
after the switching tube of the flyback converter is turned off, the secondary side current starts to drop to the off time t of zero from the peak valueoffComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003288108990000043
s3, adding the on-time and the off-time of the switch tube in a switching period to obtain the on-time of the switch tube; comparing the conduction time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the conduction time of the switching tube is not more than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized;
that is to say if
Figure BDA0003288108990000044
Switching period tsFor a switching frequency fsAnd if the peak current is inverse, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely, the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the primary side peak current i for the flyback converterpeakThe flyback converter adopts a pulse width modulation method to control the opening time of the switching tube Q1 to control the primary side current peak value ipeakBy the primary side current peak i, while the switching frequency remains unchangedpeakCan dynamically adjust the average power of the output to realize the power point tracking and control, so that the voltage loop control mode is as follows:
setting V _ ref as a voltage given signal, a as a voltage feedback coefficient and verr as an error between the voltage given signal and a feedback signal;
obtaining output power P after the amplification of a voltage control loop PI1ouThe given signal P _ ref;
then is subjected to PWM modulation, and a primary side input voltage V is introducedinDetermining the switching frequency f as a feed-forward signal by means of a transfer function G (S) constructionsAnd simultaneously determining the on-time of the switch tube, thereby regulating the output power PouTo control the voltage V at the input terminalin。
A maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation comprises a flyback converter connected between a photovoltaic component and an electric heating load, wherein the flyback converter comprises a switch tube Q1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a resistor R1, a diode D1 and a transformer T1, one end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the drain electrode of a switch tube Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube Q1, one end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of a diode D1, the other end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one ends of the capacitor C2 and the resistor R1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the other ends of the capacitor C2 and the resistor R1.
The invention is explained by the following embodiment, setting 4 photovoltaic modules, each with a nominal power of 450W, 4 modules connected in series, a maximum output power of 1.8kW, an input voltage range of 45V-200V, a maximum power point voltage of 150V, an electric heating load of 25 ohm, a maximum output power of 1.6kW and a maximum voltage of 200V; primary side peak current not more than 40A at most and excitation inductance Lp10 muh, turns ratio 0.875, maximum switching frequency fs_max：
Pmax＝1800＝0.5*Lp*40*40*fsmax
Thus, can obtain
fmax＝225kHz。
Minimum switching period ts_min＝4.44μs
Maximum on-time ton＝10uH/150V*40A＝2.67μs
Maximum off time toff＝0.875*10uH/200V*40A＝1.75μs
ton+toff＝2.67+1.75＝4.42us<ts_min。
Under the condition that the irradiation condition changes, the IV curve of the photovoltaic module changes, and the photovoltaic module can be adjusted and controlled to work at different working points by controlling the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic module.
In FIG. 2, ipIs a primary side current isIs the secondary current.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
s1, the flyback converter is connected between the photovoltaic module and the electric heating load, and when the flyback converter works in a peak current mode, the primary peak current and the switching frequency of a switching tube of the flyback converter are obtained;
s2, obtaining the switching-on time of the switching tube according to the primary side peak current, and obtaining the turn-off time of the secondary side current which starts to drop to zero from the peak value after the switching tube is turned off;
s3, adding the on-time and the off-time of the switch tube in a switching period to obtain the on-time of the switch tube; and comparing the conduction time of the switching tube with the switching period, if the conduction time of the switching tube is not more than the switching period, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
2. A maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the following formula is adopted:
Figure FDA0003288108980000011
Figure FDA0003288108980000012
wherein, VoutOutputting voltage for a secondary side of the flyback converter; r is the resistance value of the electric heating load; l ispFor the primary side excitation inductance, i, of the transformer in the flyback converterpeakIs the peak current of the primary side, fsIn order to be able to switch the frequency,
due to steady state conditions, input power PinOutput power PouAre equal, then Pout＝Pin；
Figure FDA0003288108980000013
By adjusting the primary side peak current ipeakAnd a switching frequency fsAnd the adjustment of the input power is realized.
3. A maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S2, according to the formula:
Figure FDA0003288108980000014
calculating to obtain the switching-on time t of the switching tubeon，
Figure FDA0003288108980000015
Wherein, VinThe primary side input voltage of the flyback converter is obtained;
the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer of the flyback converter is NpThe number of turns of the secondary side is NsThe turn ratio n:
n＝Ns/Np
after the switching tube of the flyback converter is turned off, the secondary side current starts to drop to the off time t of zero from the peak valueoffComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003288108980000016
4. a maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, if
Figure FDA0003288108980000021
Switching period tsFor a switching frequency fsAnd if the peak current is inverse, the working condition corresponding to the peak current is the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module, namely, the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic module is realized.
5. A maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that: primary side peak current i for the flyback converterpeakThe control comprises the following steps:
setting V _ ref as a voltage given signal, a as a voltage feedback coefficient and verr as an error between the voltage given signal and a feedback signal;
obtaining output power P after the amplification of a voltage control loop PI1ouThe given signal P _ ref;
then is subjected to PWM modulation, and a primary side input voltage V is introducedinAs a feed-forward signal, the feed-forward signal is constructed by a transfer function G (S), so that the opening time of a switching tube is determined to control the primary side peak current ipeakThe size of (2).
6. A maximum power point tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, which is used in the maximum power point tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that: the maximum power point tracking control system comprises a flyback converter connected between a photovoltaic module and an electric heating load, the flyback converter comprises a switching tube Q1, capacitors C1, C2, a resistor R1, a diode D1 and a transformer T1, one end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the drain of the switching tube Q1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the source of the switching tube Q1, one end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary side of the transformer T1 is connected with one ends of the capacitors C2 and R1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the other ends of the capacitors C2 and R1.
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CN106058927A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-10-26 扬州大学 Peak-current-based rapid algorithm for maximum power point of photovoltaic grid-connected micro inverter
CN107085449A (en) * 2017-03-17 2017-08-22 扬州大学 Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method
US20170256953A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2017-09-07 Mersintel, Co., Ltd. Optimal power collection control method and apparatus in solar photovoltaic power generation system
CN112886836A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-01 浙江大学 Flyback micro inverter analog control circuit and peak current control method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101404446A (en) * 2008-11-11 2009-04-08 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Monocycle power factor emendation method
US20170256953A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2017-09-07 Mersintel, Co., Ltd. Optimal power collection control method and apparatus in solar photovoltaic power generation system
CN106058927A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-10-26 扬州大学 Peak-current-based rapid algorithm for maximum power point of photovoltaic grid-connected micro inverter
CN107085449A (en) * 2017-03-17 2017-08-22 扬州大学 Converter Without Voltage Sensor and extracurrent sensor maximum power point implementation method
CN112886836A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-01 浙江大学 Flyback micro inverter analog control circuit and peak current control method

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