CN110855163A - Single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and control method thereof - Google Patents
Single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110855163A CN110855163A CN201911134785.0A CN201911134785A CN110855163A CN 110855163 A CN110855163 A CN 110855163A CN 201911134785 A CN201911134785 A CN 201911134785A CN 110855163 A CN110855163 A CN 110855163A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and a control method thereof, wherein the single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier comprises first to third alternating-current side inductors, first to third alternating-current side capacitors, a three-phase uncontrolled rectification full-bridge circuit, first to third bidirectional switches, first to second transformer end potential unidirectional clamping switches and a double-tube forward circuit; equally dividing a phase angle of the three-phase alternating current into six sectors, and generating a driving signal for controlling the first to third bidirectional switches in each sector; sampling voltage and current signals at a direct current side, generating a modulation ratio through a direct current side voltage outer ring and a direct current side current inner ring, and generating driving signals for controlling the end potential one-way clamping switches of the first transformer, the second transformer and a switching tube in the double-tube forward circuit according to real-time phase angle information and the modulation ratio; the invention realizes high-frequency electric isolation between input and output, and has the advantages of low loss, high power density, high sine degree of current on the network side, high power factor on the network side, high efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current power supply, and particularly relates to a single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and a control method thereof.
Background
In the application fields of Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging, data center dc power supply systems, etc., it is necessary to convert electric energy from ac to dc. Single phase Power Factor Correctable (PFC) rectifiers are commonly used in low power applications, for example less than 5kW, and in higher power applications, three phase PFC rectifiers must be employed. Three-phase rectifiers can be divided into two main categories depending on whether they have dc-side inductance: current source and voltage source rectifiers; the high-frequency isolation transformer can be divided into an isolation type and a non-isolation type according to the existence of the high-frequency isolation transformer.
The non-isolated three-phase voltage source type rectifier formed by a three-phase bridge circuit has the characteristic that the direct current side is boosted when the rectifier works, the direct current voltage of the converted three-phase 380V alternating current voltage generally reaches 600-800V, and the direct current voltage can be connected to a low-voltage direct current bus after being reduced through an isolation transformer or a post-stage DC/DC converter. In addition, the rectification mode of the voltage source type AC/DC converter is a boost (boost) type, which has a problem of start-up impact, and a start-up current-limiting measure needs to be added to the power transmission path to affect the efficiency and power density of the converter.
An isolation type rectifier usually needs a two-stage structure, one is that a power frequency isolation transformer is added at the front stage, which can cause the whole volume and weight of a converter to be large and the cost to be high; the other is to add a high-frequency isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter at the rear stage, but the two-stage power conversion has great negative effect on the system efficiency, and the existing high-frequency isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter has poor characteristics under the condition of wide voltage change range, and the converter is difficult to adapt to the application requirement of wide input and output voltage change.
In the Chinese patent application (publication number: CN109104108A), a single-stage isolation structure is adopted, so that a large-volume decoupling energy storage capacitor of a middle bus of a two-stage converter is omitted, the efficiency of the converter can be improved, but the single-stage structure of the soft switch type adopts two phase-shifted full-bridge circuits which are connected in series, so that power transmission needs to flow through channels of four power devices, and therefore, larger transmission loss is generated, and further improvement of the efficiency of the converter is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier and a control method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of high cost, large loss and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier, comprising: the three-phase non-controlled rectifier circuit comprises first to third alternating current side inductors, first to third alternating current side capacitors, a three-phase non-controlled rectifier full-bridge circuit, first to third bidirectional switches, first to second transformer end potential one-way clamping switches and a double-tube forward circuit; the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit comprises first to third bridge arms which are connected in parallel in the same phase, and the double-tube forward circuit comprises fourth and fifth bridge arms, an isolation transformer, eleventh and twelfth diodes, a fourth inductor and a fourth capacitor which are connected in parallel;
one ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors are respectively connected with a three-phase alternating-current power supply, the other ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors are respectively connected with one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors, one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors are respectively connected with the middle points of the first to third bridge arms, and the other ends of the three alternating-current side capacitors are mutually connected; the middle points of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are respectively connected with one ends of a first bidirectional switch, a second bidirectional switch and a third bidirectional switch, and the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are mutually connected and form a common node; one ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are connected with the common node, and the other ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are respectively connected with the middle points of the fourth bridge arm and the fifth bridge arm; one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm through a fourth inductor, and the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm; one end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the anode of the eleventh diode, and the other end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the anode of the twelfth diode; the cathode of the eleventh diode is connected with the cathode of the twelfth diode and one end of the fifth inductor; the other end of the fifth inductor is connected with one end of a fourth capacitor, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the anode of a twelfth diode; and the positive and negative output ends of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification full-bridge circuit are respectively connected with the positive and negative input ends of the double-tube forward circuit.
Furthermore, the first bridge arm comprises a first diode and a second diode, the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the second diode, and the connection position is the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the second bridge arm comprises a third diode and a fourth diode, the anode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the connection position is the midpoint of the second bridge arm; the third bridge arm comprises a fifth diode and a sixth diode, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the sixth diode, and the connection position is the midpoint of the third bridge arm; and the cathode of the fifth diode is the anode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit, and the anode of the sixth diode is the anode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit.
Furthermore, the first bidirectional switch comprises a first switch tube and a second switch tube, wherein a collector of the first switch tube is connected with the midpoint of the first bridge arm, and an emitter of the first switch tube is connected with an emitter of the second switch tube; the second bidirectional switch comprises a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube, a collector of the third switch tube is connected with the middle point of the second bridge arm, and an emitter of the third switch tube is connected with an emitter of the fourth switch tube; the third bidirectional switch comprises a fifth switch tube and a sixth switch tube, wherein a collector of the fifth switch tube is connected with the midpoint of the third bridge arm, and an emitter of the fifth switch tube is connected with an emitter of the sixth switch tube; the first to sixth switching tubes are connected with a diode in an anti-parallel mode; the collectors of the second, fourth and sixth switching tubes are connected with each other to form a common node.
Furthermore, the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch comprises a seventh switch tube and a seventh diode, the drain electrode of the seventh switch tube is connected with the common node, the source electrode of the seventh switch tube is connected with the anode of the seventh diode, and the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm; and the cathode of the eighth diode is connected with the common node, the anode of the eighth diode is connected with the source electrode of the eighth diode, the drain electrode of the eighth diode is connected with the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm, and the two ends of the seventh and eighth open tubes are both connected in parallel with a diode and a capacitor and are reversely connected in parallel with the diode.
Further, the fourth bridge arm comprises a ninth switching tube and a ninth diode, the drain electrode of the ninth switching tube is the positive input end of the double-tube forward circuit, the source electrode of the ninth switching tube is connected with the cathode of the ninth diode, the connection position of the ninth switching tube and the ninth diode is the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm, and the anode of the ninth diode is the negative input end of the double-tube forward circuit; the fifth bridge arm comprises a tenth switching tube and a twelfth pole tube, the anode of the twelfth pole tube is connected with the drain electrode of the tenth switching tube, and the connection position is the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm; the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switching tube, and the source electrode of the tenth switching tube is connected with the anode of the ninth diode; the two ends of the ninth switch tube and the tenth switch tube are both connected with a diode and a capacitor in parallel, and are connected with the diode in reverse parallel.
Further, the switch tube adopts a MOSFET or an IGBT.
The control method is based on a single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier, the phase angle of three-phase alternating current is averagely divided into six sectors, and driving signals for controlling first to third bidirectional switches are generated according to each sector; sampling voltage and current signals at the output end of a direct current side, namely a double-tube forward circuit, generating a modulation ratio through a direct current side voltage outer ring and a direct current side current inner ring, and generating driving signals for controlling end potential one-way clamping switches of a first transformer, a second transformer and a switching tube in the double-tube forward circuit according to real-time phase angle information and the modulation ratio; therefore, the three-phase rectifier outputs direct-current voltage, the current on the first to third alternating-current side inductors is consistent with the input voltage waveform of the three-phase alternating-current power supply and is a sine wave, and the phase is also the same.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the functions of voltage change proportion adjustment and electrical isolation. The input three-phase 380V alternating voltage provides two pulsating direct current voltages with low-frequency periodic variation for a high-frequency working structure through a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge and three groups of two-way switches, the two-transistor forward circuit and the transformer terminal voltage clamping branch circuit respectively input, chop and overlap the two pulsating direct current voltages with low-frequency periodic variation through adjusting proper duty ratios to form matrix pulse voltage with unchanged average absolute value in a switching period, and finally stable low-voltage direct current voltage is obtained through a half-wave rectifier circuit and direct current side LC filtering.
The invention adopts a double-tube forward structure to avoid the bridge arm direct connection phenomenon, has high reliability, adopts a current source type rectifier structure, realizes a buck type rectification mode, avoids the starting impact problem of the previous boost rectification mode, simultaneously solves the problem that a two-stage structure is required when a three-phase rectifier converts three-phase 380V alternating voltage into low-voltage direct voltage or converts the low-voltage direct voltage into three-phase 380V alternating voltage, simultaneously realizes electrical isolation, and has the characteristic of high efficiency because fewer power devices flow through a power transmission path. In addition, the invention also has the characteristics of good sine degree of current on the network side, high power factor on the network side and wide range of the direct current port adaptive to the working voltage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the voltage and current waveforms for the critical branch and node after the voltage on the AC side is divided and passed through the sector selection structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of four major modes of operation of the present invention, wherein (a) both the positive and negative buses participate in the mode of operation of power transfer; (b) the working mode that the positive bus transfers power independently; (c) the working mode that the negative bus transmits power independently; (d) the working modes of magnetic reset and follow current when the transformer does not transfer power are adopted;
FIG. 5 shows i in sector 1p，in，iYSchematic diagram of the chopping width of (1).
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment provides a single stage typeThe isolated three-phase rectifier comprises an alternating current side inductor 1, three alternating current side capacitors 2, a three-phase uncontrolled rectification full-bridge circuit 3, first to third two-way switches 4, first to second transformer end potential one-way clamping switches 5 and a two-tube forward circuit 6. The three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm, a fourth bridge arm, a fifth bridge arm, an isolation transformer, an eleventh diode and a twelfth diode (D)d1、Dd2) A fourth inductor LprA fifth inductor LdcFourth capacitor Cdc。
One ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors 1 are respectively connected with a three-phase alternating-current power supply, the other ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors are respectively connected with one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors 2, one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors are respectively connected with the middle points of the first to third bridge arms, and the other ends of the three alternating-current side capacitors are connected in a star shape or a triangular shape; the middle points of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are respectively connected with one ends of the first bidirectional switch 4, the second bidirectional switch 4 and the third bidirectional switch 4, and the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are mutually connected to form a common node; one ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch 5 and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are connected with the common node, and the other ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are respectively connected with the middle points of the fourth bridge arm and the fifth bridge arm; one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer passes through a fourth inductor LprThe other end of the third bridge arm is connected with the middle point of the fourth bridge arm; one end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected with an eleventh diode Dd1The other end of the anode is connected with a twelfth diode Dd2The anode of (1); eleventh diode Dd1Cathode of and a twelfth diode Dd2Cathode of (2), fifth inductance LdcIs connected with one end of the connecting rod; fifth inductance LdcIs connected with a fourth capacitor CdcOne terminal of (C), a fourth capacitor CdcThe other end of the first connecting rod is connected with the twelfth connectord2An anode of the pole tube; and the positive and negative output ends of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification full-bridge circuit 3 are respectively connected with the positive and negative input ends of the double-tube forward circuit 6.
The first bridge arm comprises a first diode and a second diode (D)a+、Da-) And a first diode Da+Of (2) an anodeAnd a second diode Da-The cathodes of the first bridge arm are connected, and the connection position is the midpoint of the first bridge arm; the second bridge arm comprises a third and a fourth diode (D)b+、Db-) And a third diode Db+Anode of and a fourth diode Db-The cathode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the second bridge arm, and the connection position is the midpoint of the second bridge arm; the third bridge arm comprises a fifth diode and a sixth diode (D)c+、Dc-) And a fifth diode Dc+Anode of and a sixth diode Dc-The cathode of the third bridge arm is connected, and the connection position is the midpoint of the third bridge arm; the cathode of the fifth diode is the anode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit, and the anode of the sixth switching tube is the cathode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit; first diode Da+A third diode Db+And a fifth diode Dc+The cathode of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge circuit is connected with the same node which is a positive direct current bus node p of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge circuit; second diode Dc-A fourth diode Dc-And a sixth diode Dc-The anode of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit is connected with the same node which is a negative direct current bus node n of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit.
The first bidirectional switch comprises a first switch tube and a second switch tube (S)ya+、Sya-) A first switch tube Sya+The collector of the first bridge arm is connected with the midpoint of the first bridge arm, and the emitter of the first bridge arm is connected with the second switching tube Sya-Of the emitter-(ii) a The second bidirectional switch comprises a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube (S)yb+、Syb-) A third switching tube Syb+The collector of the first bridge arm is connected with the middle point of the second bridge arm, and the emitter of the first bridge arm is connected with the fourth switching tube Syb-An emitter of (1); the third bidirectional switch comprises a fifth switching tube and a sixth switching tube (S)yc+、Syc-) Fifth switching tube Syc+The collector of the first bridge arm is connected with the middle point of the third bridge arm, and the emitter of the first bridge arm is connected with the sixth switching tube Syc-An emitter of (1); the first to sixth switching tubes are connected with a diode in an anti-parallel mode; the parallel diode can be an anti-parallel diode of the IGBT, and can also be a parasitic diode of the MOSFET. When the switching frequency is low, a common rectifier diode can be adopted; when the switching frequency is high, a fast recovery diode or Schottky diode is adoptedA pole tube. The collectors of the second, fourth and sixth switching tubes are connected with each other to form a common node Y.
The first transformer terminal potential one-way clamping switch comprises a seventh switch tube (S)c1) And a seventh diode (D)c1) Seventh switching tube Sc1Is connected to the common node Y, a seventh switching tube Sc1Source electrode of and seventh diode anode Dc1Connected, a seventh diode Dc1The cathode is connected with the middle point of the fourth bridge arm; the second transformer terminal potential one-way clamping switch comprises an eighth diode Dc2And an eighth switching tube Sc2(ii) a Eighth diode Dc2Is connected to the common node, and has its anode connected to an eighth diode Sc2Source electrode of (1), eighth diode Sc2The drain electrode of the diode is connected with the middle point of the fifth bridge arm, and two ends of the seventh open tube and the eighth open tube are both connected with a diode and a capacitor in parallel and are connected with the diode in reverse parallel.
The fourth bridge arm comprises a ninth switching tube SpA ninth diode DpThe ninth switch tube SpThe drain electrode of the diode is the anode input end of the double-tube forward circuit, the source electrode of the diode is connected with the cathode of the ninth diode, the connection position of the diode is the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm and is marked as point A, and the ninth diode DpThe anode of the double-tube forward circuit is the negative input end of the double-tube forward circuit; the fifth bridge arm comprises a tenth switching tube SnThe twelfth pole tube SnThe twelfth pole tube SnThe anode of the first switch tube is connected with the drain of the tenth switch tube, and the connection position is the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm and is marked as a point B; the twelfth pole tube SnThe cathode of the first switch tube is connected with the ninth switch tube SnThe tenth switching tube SnIs connected with a ninth diode SnThe anode of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge is a negative direct current node of the double-tube positive shock circuit, and the negative direct current node is connected with a negative direct current bus node n of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier full bridge; the two ends of the ninth switch tube and the tenth switch tube are both connected with a diode and a capacitor in parallel, and are connected with the diode in reverse parallel. The switch tube in this embodiment may adopt MOSFET or IGBT.
The operation principle of the converter will be described with reference to fig. 2 to 5 by taking the single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier in fig. 1 as an example. Prior to analysis, the following assumptions were made:1) all the switching tubes and the diodes are ideal devices; 2) all inductors, capacitors and transformers are ideal elements; 3) three-phase symmetrical ideal power grid of the power grid; 4) the filter inductance on the DC side is large enough to be regarded as an ideal current source, idcIs direct current side current; 5) the filter capacitor on the DC side is large enough to be regarded as an ideal voltage source, UdcIs the dc side voltage. The AC side of the converter is the input side and is connected with a three-phase AC voltage source, and the DC side is the output side and is connected with a load. The control block diagram is shown in fig. 2 and is divided into low-frequency sector selection control and high-frequency control capable of realizing a double-transistor forward circuit, and the generation of the duty ratio of the high-frequency control is controlled by adopting double regulators of a direct-current voltage outer ring and a direct-current inner ring. The dc outer loop (i.e. the regulator outputting dc current reference in fig. 2) is used to maintain the dc bus voltage stable, and the dc inner loop (i.e. the regulator outputting modulation ratio in fig. 2) is used to track the load change quickly and limit the transmission power.
Fig. 3 shows a sectorization of the three-phase voltage in the present invention. Defining 0-angle time A-phase sinusoidal voltage uaAt a maximum, pi-angle time A-phase sinusoidal voltage uaIs the minimum value. The phase voltage B lags the phase voltage A by 2 pi/3, and the phase voltage C lags the phase voltage B by 2 pi/3. Setting 0-pi/3 as sector 1, and so on.
The three bidirectional switches are sector selection switches, only act when the sectors are switched, and the switching states of the switching tubes when the sectors are switched are shown in table 1, wherein 1 represents on, and 0 represents off.
TABLE 1
| Sya+(Sya-) | Syb+(Syb-) | Syc+(Syc-) | |
| |
0 | 1 | 0 |
| |
1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sector 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| |
0 | 1 | 0 |
| Sector 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sector 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
As shown in FIG. 3, when the low frequency sector switch is activated, the voltage U between node p and node YpYAnd a voltage U between node Y and node nynAlso varies at low frequency ripple period, exemplified by sector 1, where voltage U is appliedpYIs the difference U between the A phase voltage and the B phase voltageABVoltage UYnIs the difference U between the phase voltage of B and the phase voltage of CBC. Therefore, the voltage UpYAnd a voltage UYnThe conversion period is three times of the power frequency period. The low-frequency sector splits three-phase voltage and three-phase current, and when controlling the positive bus current ipNegative bus current inAnd a current difference iYThe sine tracking of the converter ac current and the unit power factor (i.e., the current in the first to third ac-side inductors and the input voltage waveform of the three-phase ac power supply are both sinusoidal and have the same phase) can be achieved also when the low-frequency ripple shown in fig. 3 changes.
Positive bus current ipNegative bus current inAnd a current difference iYThe modulation of (c) can be combined with the four modes of operation shown in fig. 4. Wherein (a), (b) and (c) in fig. 4 are three working modes of forward magnetization of the transformer, and (d) in fig. 4 is a magnetic reset and free-wheeling working mode when the transformer is not transferring power. When the converter operates in (a) of FIG. 4, ipAnd inAccording to the reference direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, the instantaneous value of (A) is k x IdcDifference in current iYIs 0; when the converter operates in (b) of FIG. 4, ipAnd iYAccording to the reference direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, the instantaneous value of (A) is k x Idc，inThe instantaneous value of (a) is 0; when the converter operates in (c) of FIG. 4, inAnd-iYAccording to the reference direction indicated by the arrow in the figure, the instantaneous value of (A) is k x Idc，ipThe instantaneous value of (a) is 0; when the converter operates at (d) in FIG. 4, in、ipAnd iYThe instantaneous value of (a) is 0; adjusting the operating time of each mode can achieve the fundamental values of the three currents in fig. 3.
The on-time of the mode will be calculated below using sector 1 as an example, as shown in fig. 5, assuming DpIs the width of the chopped current on the positive DC bus, DnThe difference between the chopping current width on the negative DC bus and the chopping current width injected on the neutral line Y, and the DC inductance on the DC side can be regarded as a constant DC source, positiveCurrent i of the buspCurrent i of the negative busnIs regarded as a DC current idcThe chopping current of (1).
In sector 1, current ipThe fundamental wave is A phase current, current inThe fundamental wave is C phase current, current iYThe fundamental wave is B phase current, and the average current i of any switching period is based on the average value equivalence principlepCan be expressed as:
ip(t)＝Dp(t)Idck (1)
where k is the isolation transformer transformation ratio. The same principle is as follows:
current i at any timepAnd inThe average value of the period of the ac current is equal to the clockwise value of the ac side current, that is, the sinusoidal tracking and the unit power factor of the ac current are realized, so the expression of the two current control widths in the sector 1 is:
assume that the peak values of the currents ia and ic are INThen the current in sector 1 for ia and ic can be expressed as:
where θ is the phase angle of the three-phase alternating current, and the equation (4) is substituted into the equation (3) to obtain:
peak value of alternating current INTransformation ratio of transformer and direct current IdcCan be regarded as the modulation ratio M of the rectifier, then equation (5) can be further simplified as:
the on-time of each mode in each control period T in sector 1 can be calculated by multiplying the control ratio by the control period, so that the on-time T of fig. 4(a) in each control period T in sector 1 is calculatedaComprises the following steps:
Ta＝min{Dp(t),Dn(t)}·T (7)
where T is the control period.
When Dp (t)>Dn (T), the mode of FIG. 4(c) does not exist, and the on-time T of FIG. 4(b) isbComprises the following steps:
Tb＝(Dp(t)-Dn(t))·T (8)
when Dn (t)>Dp (T), the mode of FIG. 4(b) does not exist, and the on-time T of FIG. 4(c) iscComprises the following steps:
Tc＝(Dn(t)-Dp(t))·T (9)
conduction time T of FIG. 4(d) in each control period T in sector 1dComprises the following steps:
Td＝(1-max{Dp(t),Dn(t)})·T (10)
by referring to the equations (6) - (10), as long as the phase angle θ of the alternating voltage is obtained through the phase-locked loop and the modulation ratio M of the rectifier is obtained through direct-current voltage and current double-loop control, the conduction time of each mode can be determined, so that alternating-current sinusoidal tracking and the unit power factor are realized.
The other five sectors may be analogized in this way.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (7)
1. A single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier, comprising: the three-phase non-controlled rectifier circuit comprises first to third alternating current side inductors, first to third alternating current side capacitors, a three-phase non-controlled rectifier full-bridge circuit, first to third bidirectional switches, first to second transformer end potential one-way clamping switches and a double-tube forward circuit; the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit comprises first to third bridge arms which are connected in parallel in the same phase, and the double-tube forward circuit comprises fourth and fifth bridge arms, an isolation transformer, eleventh and twelfth diodes, fourth and fifth inductors and a fourth capacitor which are connected in parallel;
one ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors are respectively connected with a three-phase alternating-current power supply, the other ends of the first to third alternating-current side inductors are respectively connected with one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors, one ends of the first to third alternating-current side capacitors are respectively connected with the middle points of the first to third bridge arms, and the other ends of the three alternating-current side capacitors are mutually connected; the middle points of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are respectively connected with one ends of a first bidirectional switch, a second bidirectional switch and a third bidirectional switch, and the other ends of the three bidirectional switches are mutually connected and form a common node; one ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are connected with the common node, and the other ends of the first transformer end potential one-way clamping switch and the second transformer end potential one-way clamping switch are respectively connected with the middle points of the fourth bridge arm and the fifth bridge arm; one end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm through a fourth inductor, and the other end of the primary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm; one end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the anode of the eleventh diode, and the other end of the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected with the anode of the twelfth diode; the cathode of the eleventh diode is connected with the cathode of the twelfth diode and one end of the fifth inductor; the other end of the fifth inductor is connected with one end of a fourth capacitor, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the anode of a twelfth diode; and the positive and negative output ends of the three-phase uncontrolled rectification full-bridge circuit are respectively connected with the positive and negative input ends of the double-tube forward circuit.
2. The single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the first bridge arm comprises a first diode and a second diode, an anode of the first diode is connected with a cathode of the second diode, and a connection point is a midpoint of the first bridge arm; the second bridge arm comprises a third diode and a fourth diode, the anode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the connection position is the midpoint of the second bridge arm; the third bridge arm comprises a fifth diode and a sixth diode, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the sixth diode, and the connection position is the midpoint of the third bridge arm; and the cathode of the fifth diode is the anode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit, and the anode of the sixth switching tube is the cathode output end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifying full-bridge circuit.
3. The single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the first bidirectional switch comprises a first switching tube and a second switching tube, a collector of the first switching tube is connected with a midpoint of the first bridge arm, and an emitter of the first switching tube is connected with an emitter of the second switching tube; the second bidirectional switch comprises a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube, a collector of the third switch tube is connected with the middle point of the second bridge arm, and an emitter of the third switch tube is connected with an emitter of the fourth switch tube; the third bidirectional switch comprises a fifth switch tube and a sixth switch tube, wherein a collector of the fifth switch tube is connected with the midpoint of the third bridge arm, and an emitter of the fifth switch tube is connected with an emitter of the sixth switch tube; the first to sixth switching tubes are connected with a diode in an anti-parallel mode; the collectors of the second, fourth and sixth switching tubes are connected with each other to form a common node.
4. The single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the first transformer-side potential unidirectional clamp switch comprises a seventh switch tube and a seventh diode, the drain of the seventh switch tube is connected to the common node, the source of the seventh switch tube is connected to the anode of the seventh diode, and the cathode of the seventh diode is connected to the midpoint of the fourth bridge arm; the second transformer end potential unidirectional clamping switch comprises an eighth diode and an eighth switch tube; and the cathode of the eighth diode is connected with the common node, the anode of the eighth diode is connected with the source electrode of the eighth diode, the drain electrode of the eighth diode is connected with the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm, and the two ends of the seventh and eighth open tubes are both connected in parallel with a diode and a capacitor and are reversely connected in parallel with the diode.
5. The single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the fourth bridge arm includes a ninth switching tube and a ninth diode, a drain of the ninth switching tube is a positive input end of the two-transistor forward circuit, a source of the ninth switching tube is connected to a cathode of the ninth diode, a connection point is a midpoint of the fourth bridge arm, and an anode of the ninth diode is a negative input end of the two-transistor forward circuit; the fifth bridge arm comprises a tenth switching tube and a twelfth pole tube, the anode of the twelfth pole tube is connected with the drain electrode of the tenth switching tube, and the connection position is the midpoint of the fifth bridge arm; the cathode of the twelfth diode is connected with the drain electrode of the ninth switching tube, and the source electrode of the tenth switching tube is connected with the anode of the ninth diode; the two ends of the ninth switch tube and the tenth switch tube are both connected with a diode and a capacitor in parallel, and are connected with the diode in reverse parallel.
6. The single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the switching tubes are MOSFETs or IGBTs.
7. The method for controlling the single-stage isolated three-phase rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the phase angle of the three-phase alternating current is equally divided into six sectors, and a drive signal for controlling the first to third bidirectional switches is generated for each sector; sampling voltage and current signals at the output end of a direct current side, namely a double-tube forward circuit, generating a modulation ratio through a direct current side voltage outer ring and a direct current side current inner ring, and generating driving signals for controlling end potential one-way clamping switches of a first transformer, a second transformer and a switching tube in the double-tube forward circuit according to real-time phase angle information and the modulation ratio; therefore, the three-phase rectifier outputs direct-current voltage, the current on the first to third alternating-current side inductors is consistent with the input voltage waveform of the three-phase alternating-current power supply and is a sine wave, and the phase is also the same.
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