CN113882059A - 一种防熔融物料飞溅面料及防护服 - Google Patents

一种防熔融物料飞溅面料及防护服 Download PDF

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CN113882059A
CN113882059A CN202111086401.XA CN202111086401A CN113882059A CN 113882059 A CN113882059 A CN 113882059A CN 202111086401 A CN202111086401 A CN 202111086401A CN 113882059 A CN113882059 A CN 113882059A
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parts
fiber
molten material
splashing
fibers
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CN113882059B (zh
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陈倩
周永洪
李飞
王馨婕
吴烈国
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Shenghuadun Beijing Protection Technology Co ltd
Swoto Protection and Technology Co Ltd
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Shenghuadun Beijing Protection Technology Co ltd
Swoto Protection and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，包括面层、中层和里层三层结构组成，面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维42‑60份，芳砜纶10‑15份，聚四氟乙烯5‑10份，偶联剂2‑3份，硅酸盐纤维15‑25份、聚酰亚胺5‑10重量份、氧化铝1‑2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂10‑30份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂7‑13份，稀释剂5‑15份，硫酸钡15‑20份，硅藻土5‑10份；里层由60％竹纤维和40％麻纤维混纺而成。本发明还提供一种阻燃性能优异，防熔融物料飞溅等级高，断裂强度大，同时绝热性能满足设定指标的一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服。

Description

一种防熔融物料飞溅面料及防护服
技术领域
本发明涉及防护服面料技术领域，具体涉及一种防熔融物料飞溅面料及防护服。
背景技术
防熔融物料飞溅防护服是对在高温或超高温条件下工作的人员进行安全保护、从而避免热源对人体造成伤害的保护性服装，要求具有阻燃性、拒液性、燃烧时无熔滴产生、遇热时能够保持服装的完整性和穿着舒适性等特性。该防护服广泛用于石油、化工、冶金、造船、消防、国防以及有明火、散发火花、熔融金属和有易燃物质的场所。在现代化工业生产中，金属产品广泛应用于钢铁生产、油气管道、压力容器制造，船舶制造、电力、汽车工业，航空航天等工业生产中。冶金时通常需要专业操作人员持专用设备进行操作，在冶金作业时金属会产生高温，高热的反应，如果操作不慎，人员容易被高温烫伤，其所穿着的衣服也可能着火燃烧，此外在高温下金属融化形成的金属熔滴也可能飞溅到操作人员的身体和衣服上，对安全生产构成威胁。现有技术中虽然有阻燃服，但其透气功能差，对于在高热环境下作业的工作人员，穿着此类服装工作容易因为身体热量聚集而引起不适。并且金属熔滴常常会从领口、袖口、裤脚等未被衣服覆盖的部位进入到操作人员的身体上，对操作人员造成伤害。在冶金过程中防护服有些部分容易损伤，穿着损坏的防护服对工作人员起不到良好的防护效果。
CN102896854B公开的耐高温多功能面料，在耐热层表面增加防水层，防水层在面料最外层，这对防水层提出了更高的要求CN107997274A公开了一种耐高温防护服，采用玄武岩纤维、碳纤维、玻璃纤维等无机纤维为主，利用玄武岩纤维来实现隔热、吸汗等功能，但是玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维等需要粘结剂来实现在纤维中的稳定，粘结剂往往会带来阻燃性能的下降；碳纤维与其他纤维热形变性差距较大，高温下面料中各种纤维之间容易撕裂。
因此，对防护服面料及防护服进行性能改进，获得一种防熔融物料飞溅性能强，适应性广的产品是本领域技术人员亟待解决的主要难题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种阻燃性能优异，防熔融物料飞溅等级高，断裂强度大，同时绝热性能满足设定指标的一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服以及用于所述防护服的防熔融物料飞溅面料。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，包括面层、中层和里层三层结构组成，其特征在于，面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为30-60wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维42-60份，芳砜纶10-15份，聚四氟乙烯5-10份，偶联剂2-3份，硅酸盐纤维15-25份、聚酰亚胺5-10重量份、氧化铝1-2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维30-70wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂10-30份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂7-13份，稀释剂5-15份，硫酸钡15-20份，硅藻土5-10份；里层由60％竹纤维和40％麻纤维混纺而成。面料采用的改性芳纶纤维具有优良的耐摩擦和耐化学品性能，连续使用温度范围为-196℃-204，在560℃高温下不分解、不熔化。洗涤及保养方便，使用寿命长，耐久性出众。与现有防护市场上的材料相比，该防护服具有优越的体温调控和湿气管理功能。在运动过程中，人体的凉爽舒适感有助于激发更高的生理机能，同时避免人体的热应力和过热反应，最大限度的提高穿着者的舒适性，并将烧伤、热应力、热中风及死亡的风险降低最低。服装表面具有独特功能荷叶效应，对物料熔液具有超疏性，熔液在服装表面因为表面张力的作用，在人体轻微活动的过程中自然滚离，避免熔液富集造成烫伤，达到防护的效果。
偶联剂是一类具有两个不同性质官能团的物质，其分子结构的最大特点是分子中含有化学性质不同的两个基团，一个是亲无机物的基团，易与无机物表面产生相互作用。另一个是亲有机物的基团，能与纤维材料或其它聚合物发生物理、化学作用或生成氢键溶于材料中，提高材料的性能。优选的所述偶联剂为聚乙二醇酯、聚氧乙烯化蓖麻油、磺基甘油三酯中的一种或几种。
改性芳纶纤维具有良好的热稳定性、阻燃性、电绝缘性、化学稳定性、耐辐射性以及良好的机械加工性能，是有机耐高温纤维的代表品种。优选的所述改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维为皮芯结构，兰精热防护纤维为芯层，改性芳纶纤维将兰精热防护纤维包覆形成皮层。
稀释剂是一种有机物，可以降低聚合物的体系粘度，增强各组分间的相容性，有利于浸润，便于涂布施工。优选的所述稀释剂为甲基异丁酮、硝酸异戊酯、仲丁醇、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯中的一种或几种。
优选的所述中层经纱的密度为50根/厘米，所述纬纱的密度为40根/厘米。
优选的所述防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂涂布量为100-200g/m2。
麻纤维细长、坚韧、平滑、洁白有光泽，有良好的抗湿、耐腐、散热性，优选的所述麻纤维为亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、苎麻纤维中的一种或几种。
本发明第二个方面是提供一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服，所述防护服采用上述的防熔融物料飞溅面料，优选的，所述面层作为外层，所述里层作为与人体接触的内层。
防护服采用反插式安全口袋，预防发生高温液体喷溅事故时灌进口袋，防护服采用防护立领设计，加大防护面积，防护更加全面到位。所述防护服采用暗门襟纽扣设计，通过版型调整，夹克款式，增加上衣与裤子叠合部位的面积，做到防止金属溶液飞溅到人体内，烫伤人体。另外纽扣式的设计，便于应急情况下服装的穿脱，及时的阻止熔融液体附着在服装上，造成人体的二次伤害。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：本发明所提供的防熔融物料飞溅防护服面料及防护服，具有优异的阻燃性能，本发明面料续然时间和阴燃时间均为0、防金属熔融飞溅等级高，参照《EN ISO 11612：2015Protective clothing.Clothing to protect against heatand flame》标准，防金属铝熔融、熔融铝青铜和熔融矿物飞溅物料等级性能优于D2级(200-350克)标准的要求，防大量铝熔融物、熔融铝青铜和熔融矿物＞350克，达到D3级，填补国内空白，并领跑国际领先水平。防金属铁熔融、熔融铜、熔融磷青铜、熔融黄铜飞溅材料性能达到E3级，防大量铁熔融物、熔融铜、熔融磷青铜、熔融黄铜飞溅物料＞200克，填补国内空白，并领跑国际先进水平。优良的耐摩擦性能断裂强度大于3050N，经过100次洗涤后，其制成的面料断裂强力仍可达到原强力的85％以上。绝热性能强达到73kW·s/m2以上。本发明原料成本低廉，产品性能稳定，成本优势明显，具有较强的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为30wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维42份，芳砜纶10份，聚四氟乙烯5份，偶联剂聚乙二醇酯2份，硅酸盐纤维15份、聚酰亚胺5重量份、氧化铝1份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维30wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂10份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂7份，稀释剂甲基异丁酮5份，硫酸钡15份，硅藻土5份，涂布剂涂布量为100g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％亚麻纤维混纺而成。
实施例2
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为60wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维60份，芳砜纶15份，聚四氟乙烯10份，偶联剂聚氧乙烯化蓖麻油3份，硅酸盐纤维25份、聚酰亚胺10重量份、氧化铝2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维70wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂30份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂13份，稀释剂硝酸异戊酯15份，硫酸钡20份，硅藻土10份，涂布剂涂布量为200g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％大麻纤维混纺而成。
实施例3
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为30wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维60份，芳砜纶15份，聚四氟乙烯10份，偶联剂磺基甘油三酯3份，硅酸盐纤维25份、聚酰亚胺10重量份、氧化铝2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维70wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂30份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂13份，稀释剂仲丁醇5份，硫酸钡20份，硅藻土10份，涂布剂涂布量为200g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％苎麻纤维混纺而成。
实施例4
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为60wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维42份，芳砜纶10份，聚四氟乙烯5份，2份磺基甘油三酯wt％：聚乙二醇酯wt％＝1:1的偶联剂，硅酸盐纤维15份、聚酰亚胺5重量份、氧化铝1份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维30wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂10份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂7份，15份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯wt％：仲丁醇wt％＝3:1的稀释剂，硫酸钡15份，硅藻土5份，涂布剂涂布量为100g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％苎麻纤维混纺而成。
实施例5
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为40wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维50份，芳砜纶10份，聚四氟乙烯8份，偶联剂磺基甘油三酯3份，硅酸盐纤维20份、聚酰亚胺8重量份、氧化铝2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维50wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂20份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂10份，稀释剂仲丁醇10份，硫酸钡15份，硅藻土9份，涂布剂涂布量为150g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％大麻纤维混纺而成。
实施例6
面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为50wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维55份，芳砜纶10份，聚四氟乙烯10份，偶联剂聚乙二醇酯2份，硅酸盐纤维15份、聚酰亚胺7重量份、氧化铝1份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维60wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂15份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂8份，稀释剂硝酸异戊酯12份，硫酸钡18份，硅藻土10份，涂布剂涂布量为160g/m2；里层由60％竹纤维和40％亚麻纤维混纺而成。
对比例
对比例以实施例1为基础，区别在于，对比例1中面层未使用改性芳纶纤维，对比例2中中层未使用涂布剂。
实施例1-6的发明与对比例性能实验结果
项目 阻燃性能(S) 断裂强度(N) 防物料熔融飞溅 绝热性能(kW·s/m2)
实施例1 0 3100/2640 D3/E3 77
实施例2 0 3150/2680 D3/E3 73
实施例3 0 3200/2720 D3/E3 78
实施例4 0 3050/2685 D3/E3 70
实施例5 0 3100/2730 D3/E3 75
实施例6 0 3250/2795 D3/E3 74
对比例1 >7 1500/735 低于D1/E1 43
对比例2 0 2650/1590 低于D1/E1 41
实施例1-6发明断裂强度>3050N，断裂强度列，/后数据为经过100次洗涤后，可见其制成的面料断裂强力仍可达到原强力的85％以上，而对比例1面层未使用改性芳纶纤维，断裂强度下降幅度超过一半以上，比例2中层未使用涂布剂其断裂强度也有大幅下降，经过100次洗涤后，对比例1、对比例2的断裂强度分别下降了51％，40％。可见改性芳纶纤维、涂布剂均对材料的断裂强度有影响，同时改性芳纶纤维在面料中发挥着更大的作用。阻燃性能优异，本发明面料续然时间和阴燃时间均为0，对比例1续然时间和阴燃时间均大于7S，可见改性芳纶纤维对面料的阻燃性能有很大的影响。防大量铝熔融物、熔融铝青铜和熔融矿物飞溅性能达到D3级，防铁熔融物、熔融铜、熔融磷青铜、熔融黄铜飞溅性能达到E3级，而对比例1、对比例2防金属熔融飞溅性能低于D1级、E1级。绝热性能强达到73kW·s/m2以上，而对比例1、对比例2的绝热性能仅为实施例1的53％左右，可见改性芳纶纤维、涂布剂对发明的绝热性能有着突出的影响。
综上所述本发明所提供的防熔融物料飞溅防护服面料及防护服，具有优异的阻燃性能，本发明面料续然时间和阴燃时间均为0、防金属熔融飞溅等级高，参照《EN ISO11612：2015Protective clothing.Clothing to protect against heat and flame》标准，防金属铝熔融、熔融铝青铜和熔融矿物飞溅物料等级性能优于D2级(200-350克)标准的要求，防大量铝熔融物、熔融铝青铜和熔融矿物＞350克，达到D3级，填补国内空白，并领跑国际领先水平。防金属铁熔融、熔融铜、熔融磷青铜、熔融黄铜飞溅材料性能达到E3级，防大量铁熔融物、熔融铜、熔融磷青铜、熔融黄铜飞溅物料＞200克，填补国内空白，并领跑国际先进水平。优良的耐摩擦性能断裂强度大于3050N，经过100次洗涤后，其制成的面料断裂强力仍可达到原强力的85％以上。绝热性能强达到73kW·s/m2以上。本发明原料成本低廉，产品性能稳定，成本优势明显。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，包括面层、中层和里层三层结构组成，其特征在于，面层为改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维混纺而成，其中改性芳纶纤维含量为30-60wt％，其余为兰精热防护纤维，通过纺丝溶液制得改性芳纶纤维，所述改性芳纶纤维包括以下重量份成分：芳纶纤维42-60份，芳砜纶10-15份，聚四氟乙烯5-10份，偶联剂2-3份，硅酸盐纤维15-25份、聚酰亚胺5-10重量份、氧化铝1-2份；中层由经纬纱交织而成，经纬纱均为涤纶纤维和尼龙纤维的混纺纱，混纺纱中涤纶纤维含量30-70wt％，其余为尼龙纤维，所述混纺纱经过防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂包括以下重量份成分：酚醛树脂10-30份，有机硅改性聚酯树脂7-13份，稀释剂5-15份，硫酸钡15-20份，硅藻土5-10份；里层由60％竹纤维和40％麻纤维混纺而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述偶联剂为聚乙二醇酯、聚氧乙烯化蓖麻油、磺基甘油三酯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述改性芳纶纤维与兰精热防护纤维为皮芯结构，兰精热防护纤维为芯层，改性芳纶纤维将兰精热防护纤维包覆形成皮层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述稀释剂为甲基异丁酮、硝酸异戊酯、仲丁醇、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述中层经纱的密度为50根/厘米，所述纬纱的密度为40根/厘米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述防熔融涂布处理，涂布剂涂布量为100-200g/m2。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅面料，其特征在于：所述麻纤维为亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、苎麻纤维中的一种或几种。
8.一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服，其特征在于：采用权利要求1所述的防熔融物料飞溅面料，其中，所述面层作为外层，所述里层作为与人体接触的内层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服，其特征在于：所述防护服采用反插式安全口袋。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种防熔融物料飞溅防护服，其特征在于：所述防护服采用防护立领设计。
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