CN113881579A - 木霉菌长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法 - Google Patents
木霉菌长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木霉菌长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法;通过ATMT遗传转化构建并筛选获得T23菌株Talae1基因过表达株T23OElae1,该突变株T23OElae1在MEA培养基中菌丝中长链抗菌提含量明显提高,本发明共鉴定了15种新型peptaibols,其中3种peptaibols为深绿木霉T23种中不产生,但在lae1基因过表达后合成。本发明中lae1基因过表达后,peptaibols粗提物的抑菌效相较于野生株提高了4倍,为peptaibols为主要成分的生防菌剂提供理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,涉及一种木霉菌长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法;尤其涉及一种木霉菌19-残基长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法。
背景技术
木霉菌Trichoderma spp.属于子囊菌门丝状真菌,广泛存在于不同环境条件的土壤,能够重寄生于植物病原真菌,通过分泌细胞壁降解酶、抗菌活性产物、诱导植物产生抗性等机制有效防治多种植物病害,作为农业生物防治的重要组分,有重要研究价值与广阔应用前景(Druzhinina IS,Seid1-Seiboth V, Herrera-Estrella A,et a1.Trichoderma:the genomics of opportunistic success.Nature Reviews Microbiology.2011;9(10):749-759)。木霉菌-病原真菌-植物互作中产生多种具有多种生物活性的天然产物,大致分为两种类型:一类是聚酮类与芳香类非极性小分子物质;一类是以peptaibols类抗菌肽为代表的极性大分子物质(Qiaomei W,Jiansheng W,Fengan Y,Xiangcheng Z, LiangchengD.Mycotoxin fumonisins:Health impacts and biosynthetic mechanism*.Progress inNatural Science.2006;16(1):7-15;Hermosa R, Cardoza RE,Rubio MB,Gutiérrez S,Monte E.Secondary Metabolism and Antimicrobial Metabolites ofTrichoderma.Biotechnology and Biology of Trichoderma.2014:125-137)。
Peptaibols是由不同非核糖体肽合成酶(non-ribosomal peptide synthetase,NRPS)合成的线性抗菌肽类物质,对多种细菌和真菌表现抗性作用。其结构具有以下特点:(1)肽链一般由5-21个氨基酸组成,分子大小500-2200Da,具有d-螺旋线性结构;(2)非蛋白源氨基酸残基包括d-氨基异丁酸(Aib)与异缬氨酸(Iva),也通常含有亮氨酸(Leu)、缬氨酸(Val)、酪氨酸(Tyr); (3)肽链有烷基化的N末端和羟基化的C末端(Degenkolb T,Kirschbaum J,New Sequences,Constituents,and Producers ofPeptaibiotics: An Updated Review.Chemistry&Biodiversity.2010;4(6):1052-1067)。Peptaibol即3个单词peptide、Aib和amino alcohol中部分字母组成。自1967 年首次发现丙甲甘肽(alamethicin)以来,已经有超过700种的peptaibols被鉴定,其序列全部收录于peptaibols专业数据库“Peptaibols Database” (Whitmore L,Wallace B.The PeptaibolDatabase:a database for sequences and structures of naturally occurringpeptaibols.Nucleic Acids Research. 2004;32:D593-D594)。根据肽链长度分为4类:17-21残基长链肽,11-16个残基中链肽,6-10个残基短链肽,5个或者更少的残基属于更短链肽。其中11-14个残基,18-20个残基的抗菌肽在peptaibiols数据库中占比70%以上。
抗菌肽氨基酸链长短直接决定其抗菌活性,研究发现,长链抗菌肽更能选择性地与磷脂双分子层膜聚集结合形成跨膜离子通道,引起细胞内容物外泄造成细胞死亡,从而实现对细菌与真菌生物活性的拮抗作用。Peptaibols还能促进线粒体氧化磷酸化的解偶联、抑制线粒体的三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性、促进胞外钙离子内流和促进肾上腺嗜铬细胞中儿茶酚胺类化合物的分泌(Béven L,Duval D,Rebuffat S,Riddell FG,WróblewskiH.Membrane permeabilisation and antimycoplasmic activity of the 18-residuepeptaibols,trichorzins PA. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.1998;1372(1):78-90;Bushley KE,Turgeon B.Phylogenomics reveals subfamilies of fungal nonribosomalpeptide synthetases and their evolutionary relationships.BMC EvolutionaryBiology.2010;10(1):1-23)。最近研究发现,peptaibols具有抗病毒、抗真菌、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、诱导植物抗性等多种生物学活性,因此具有潜在的药物价值 (Silveira A,Andrade J,Guissoni A,et a1.Peptaibols from trichoderma asperellum induceapoptosis against Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae). Journal ofBiotechnology.2019;305:S78;Yan L,Dan-Dan Z,Xiao-Wei D,et al.Antimicrobialpeptaibols induce defense responses and systemic resistance in tobaccoagainst tobacco mosaic virus.Fems Microbiology Lettets.2010(2):120-126)。
假定的甲基化转移酶LaeA最初被鉴定为曲霉次生代谢的全局调控因子,参与大量次生代谢产物的生物合成。(Bok JW,Keller NP.LaeA,a regulator of secondarymetabolism in Aspergillus spp.Eukaryotic cell. 2004;3(2):527-535)LaeA还参与许多丝状真菌分生孢子的调控和曲霉子实体的形成(Sugui et al.2007;Wu et al.2012;Amaike and Keller 2009)。LAE1,即LaeA的同源物,已经在里氏木霉(T.reesei)和深绿木霉(T.atroviride)中发现。里氏木霉作为一种纤维素水解真菌,被广泛应用于工业,Seiboth等研究表明LAEl调控里氏木霉中纤维素酶和多糖水解酶的表达(Seiboth etal.2012)。 2013年,Karimi-Aghcheh等人发现里氏木霉的LaeA直系同源物(LAEl)正向调节17种聚酮和7种非核糖体肽合酶中的表达,其中包括负责peptaibols合成的肽类合酶(Karimi-Aghcheh R,Bok JW,Phatale PA,et al.Functional Analyses of Trichodermareesei LAE1 Reveal Conserved and Contrasting Roles of This Regulator.Genes&Genetics.2013;3(2):369-378)。此外,在深绿木霉中,lae1 基因调控无性繁殖与菌寄生(Aghcheh RK,Druzhinina IS,Kubicek CP.The Putative Protein MethyltransferaseLAE1 of Trichodermaatroviride Is a Key Regulator of Asexual Development andMycoparasitism.Plos One. 2013;8)。最近,Shi Jin Chao等发现T1lael过表达后显著提高了长枝木霉SMF2 的peptaibols产量,两种主要的peptaibols TKA和TKB的产量分别增加了2.5倍和 2倍(Shi J,Shi.WL,Zhou Y,et al.The Putative Methyltransferase T1LAE1Is Involved in the Regulation of Peptaibols Production in the BiocontrolFungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2.Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020;11:1267)。本实验室前期研究发现深绿木霉中同样有lae1基因编码LAE1 全局调控因子,具有调控菌丝形态,分生孢子形成,以及木霉菌素等次级代谢产物的功能,间接影响其生防功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种木霉菌19-残基长链抗菌肽合成及抑菌活性提高的方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明提供了一种深绿木霉Talae1基因过表达菌株,是在深绿木霉菌(T.atroviride)T23中过表达Talae1基因构建得到。
本发明还提供了一种木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法,在深绿木霉菌(T.atroviride)T23中过表达Talae1基因,筛选验证,获得过表达株T23OElael;所述过表达株发酵获得长链抗菌肽。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,所述过表达Talae1基因包括:构建用于过表达Talae1基因的过表达载体,将所述过表达载体导入大肠杆菌,PCR验证、筛选阳性克隆,转化根癌农杆菌。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,构建过表达载体包括:用GXL高保真酶分别扩增得到色氨酸启动子片段TrpC promoter、lae1基因片段lae1-ORF和色氨酸终止子片段TrpCterminator,将3个片段和经过Kpn I和Hind III酶切过的1300th 线性质粒连接。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,是将过表达载体导入根癌农杆菌AGLl进行 ATMT转化;所述转化采用的诱导培养基为含40umol/L MES和200umol/L AS的 IM培养基;采用的筛选培养基为含200μg/mL潮霉素和300μg/mL特美汀的CYA 培养基。
作为本发明的一个实施方案,所述长链抗菌肽包括:
pept-1781a:AcAlaAlaAibVxxLxxVxxAibGlyAsnAspAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1781b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1781c:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAlaAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1795:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1820:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrVxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnTrpol,
pept-1879:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibAlaVxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPheol,
pept-1893:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibGlyLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1907:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAibAibSerProAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1909:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1910a:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPOheol,
pept-1910b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPheol,
pept-1923a:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPOheol,
pept-1923b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1938:
AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluAibGlvPheol,
pept-1962:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibAibGluAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnTrpol。
本发明还提供了一种深绿木霉T23 OElael菌株,所述深绿木霉T23 OElael 菌株为深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)CGMCC NO.23291。
本发明还提供了一种深绿木霉Tavell基因在正调控木霉长链抗菌肽合成中的用途。
本发明还提供了一种前述的菌株在木霉长链抗菌肽合成中的用途。
本发明还提供了一种前述的菌株在制备抑菌生防菌剂中的用途,其特征在于,所述菌株的固体发酵产物用于抑菌。木霉属的不同种木霉产生抗菌肽的种类和数量具有显著差异。深绿木霉基因合成簇中仅包含19-模块的NRPS非核糖体合酶,用于合成长链抗菌肽。本发明中Lae1主要促进19-残基长链抗菌肽的合成的数量和种类,数量多少和哪些种类是预想不到的,长链抗菌肽总体含量的增加促进了菌对镰孢菌的抑菌活性。
本发明的深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)T23OElae1菌株,已经于2021 年10月27日递交中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏,保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为 CGMCC NO.23291。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明获得了深绿木霉的Talae1基因序列,确定Talae1是诱导长链peptaibols合成。
2)本发明共鉴定了15种新型peptaibols,其中3种peptaibols为深绿木霉T23种中不产生,但在lae1基因过表达后合成。
3)本发明中lae1基因过表达后,peptaibols粗提物的抑菌效相较于野生株提高了4倍,为peptaibols粗提物作为生物菌剂打下了基础。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为Talae1蛋白遗传背景分析;
图2为过表达框构建和引物设计原理示意图;
图3为PCR验证结果;其中,A、启动子及终止子片段、B、lae1编码框、C、 ATMT遗传转化阳性克隆PCR验证;
图4为过表达转化子的PCR验证结果;
图5为野生株T23和过表达株T230Elael的表型比较;其中,A、平板表型比较,B、产孢数量比较,C、生物量比较,D、lae1基因表达水平比较;
图6为抗菌肽提取物总离子流图;其中,A、野生株T23抗菌肽提取物总离子流图,B、过表达株T23OElae1抗菌肽提取物总离子流图,C、野生株T23和过表达株T23OElae1总离子流图对比;
图7为抗菌肽pept-1910a、pept-1910b和pept-1938 MS2图谱;其中,A、 pept-1910a,B、pept-1910b,C、pept-1938;
图8为Lae1基因对T23和OElae1菌株产peptaibols的影响;其中,A为响应值小于10000的peptaibols,B为响应值大于10000的peptaibols,C为野生株不产生但过表达株产生的peptaibols,D为lae1负调控的peptaibol;
图9为peptaibols粗提物抑制禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)的试验;其中,A为菌丝生长情况,B为抑菌率;
图10为15种抗菌肽氨基酸序列;其中,因二级质谱无法区分Leu与ile,故pept-1910a和1910b第10位aa均写为LXX;因其出峰时间不同,故第10位 aa不同;pept-1923a和pept-1923b同理。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干调整和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
前期实验室筛选了到一株优良peptaibols合成菌株深绿木霉T23,本发明通过ATMT遗传转化构建并筛选获得T23菌株Talae1基因过表达株T23OElae1,该突变株的菌丝生长旺盛,产孢量明显提高,同时大部分代谢产物产量上调。有意思的是,通过UPLC-QTOF-MS液质联用分析确定T23 OElae1中在MEA培养基中菌丝中长链抗菌提含量明显提高,通过抑菌试验表明T23 OElae1菌株抑制禾谷镰孢菌效果明显优于T23。因此本发明的创新性包括:1.确定深绿木霉的Talae1 (Talae1基因序列NCBI登录号:0K632283)是诱导长链peptaibols合成。2. 受Lael诱导合成的长链peptaibols主要是19个残基的,产生3种新的抗菌肽pept-1910a、pept-1910b和pept-1938,抗菌提总的抑菌效果较野生株提高4 倍,为peptaibols为主要成分的生防菌剂提供理论依据。
实施例
1.材料和方法
1.1供试菌株及质粒和培养基
木霉菌菌种:深绿木霉菌(T.atroviride)T23株系,病原菌禾谷镰孢菌 (Fusariumgraminearum)(Saravanakumar,K.,Yu,C.,Dou,K.,Wang,M.,Li, Y.,Chen,J.Synergisticeffect of Trichoderma-derived antifungal metabolites and cell wall degradingenzymes on enhanced biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.Cucumerinum.Biological control, 2016,94:37-46.)。大肠杆菌菌株:大肠杆菌DH5α购于上海生工生物有限公司。农杆菌菌株:农杆菌AGLl,用于遗传转化。质粒:pCl300qh,用于构建Talae1 过表达菌株。
培养基:本实验主要采用培养基为土豆-葡萄糖培养基(Potato Dextrose Agar,PDA),Luria-Bet--tani(LB)培养基,诱导培养基(Induction Medium,IM), CYA培养基(Czapek yeast extract agar,CYA),固体发酵培养基(Malt Extraction Agar,MEA)。(1)PDA培养基:琼脂15g,葡萄糖20g,马铃薯200g,定容至1L分装后每瓶加入1.4%的琼脂粉。(2)LB培养基:氯化钠10g,蛋白胨10g,酵母提取物5g,定容至11分装后,固体每瓶加入1.4%的琼脂粉。(3) IM培养基:10mM K2HPO4,2mM MgSO4,2.5mM NaCl,10mM KH2PO4,0.7mMCaCl2, 4mM(NH4)2SO4,9mM FeSO4·7H2O,40mM MES(pH 5.3),5mM葡萄糖,0.5%甘油, 200μM AS。pH为5.4。(4)CYA培养基:K2HPO4·3H2O 1g,NaNO3 2g,MgSO4· 7H2O 0.5g,KCl0.5g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01g,蔗糖30g,1.4%琼脂粉,pH 7.4。(5) MEA培养基:麦芽提取物30g,大豆蛋白胨3g,琼脂15g,加蒸馏水配制1L,PH调至5.6±0.2。
1.2基因分析及引物设计
首先利用NCBI数据库搜索木霉菌Talae1基因,获取基因序列及氨基酸序列,设计引物,PCR扩增深绿木霉T23中的目标基因Talae1,碱基测序结果提交NCBI 网站比对,利用genscan等在线数据分析网站,初步分析序列内含子位置和个数。
(1)本实验所用的普通PCR体系组成如下表1:
表1
(2)PCR反应程序:
预变性94℃5min;变性94℃30s,退火54℃/56℃30s,延伸72℃1kb/min,扩增35个循环;终延伸72℃10min,降温至10℃保存。
(3)本实验所用的GXL酶PCR体系如下表2:
表2
(4)GXL扩增程序
98℃变性10s,55/60℃退火15s,68℃延伸1kb/min,扩增35个循环;降温至10℃储存。
本实验所用全部引物均为Primer Premier 5.0所设计,全部引物序列如表 3所示。
表3.所用引物
引物名称 | 引物序列(5’-3’) | 扩增片段 |
T23 OElae1-F | CTACCCAAGCATCCAAATGTCGTCTCGTAACG | lae1-ORF |
T23 OElae1-R | CATTATTATGGAGAAATTATTGGGGCGGGCTAGCGG | |
tDNA-F | TCCAGTCAATGACCGCTGTTAT | 验证 |
hph-R | GCCTCCGAAGAACGAAGAAATC | |
pro--F | GCGTGCTAGCATGTTTGAAATCAGCCGAC | TrpC promoter |
pro-R | ATTAGCTAGCTCAAAGTGATGGGCCGCC | |
term-F | CTACCCAAGCATCCAAATGTCGTCTCGTAACG | TrpC terminator |
term-R | CATTATTATGGAGAAATTATTGGGGCGGGCTAGCGG |
1.3过表达载体构建
在lael的编码框前面加上色氨酸强启动子(TrpC promoter),在其编码框后面加上色氨酸终止子序列。用GXL高保真酶进行PCR,回收之后通过一步克隆试剂盒,将色氨酸启动子、lael编码框以及色氨酸的终止子和1300th质粒融合起来,37℃摇床内培养45min。然后取200μL至含50ug/ml卡那霉素抗性的LB 平板上涂板。37℃培养箱倒置培养12~16h后,即可看到大肠杆菌菌落,挑取单克隆进行菌落PCR验证。
1.4农杆菌介导的遗传转化(ATMT),筛选验证。
参照课题组前期改良的ATMT的方法(周于聪,谢秋瑾,宋凯,杨朝晖,陈捷,李雅乾.改良ATMT转化技术在深绿木霉基因敲除中的应用.中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(12):58-64.),将含有目的载体的农杆菌和木霉菌孢子按照1∶1进行共同培养,并在含有300ug/ml特美汀和200ug/ml潮霉素的IM平板上诱导,挑取转化子在含有300ug/ml特美汀和200ug/ml潮霉素的培养基CYA上双抗筛选,挑取长出菌落的转化子于PDA平板上进行传代培养和单孢分离,然后挑取性状稳定的转化子提取DNA,进行PCR验证。用tDNA-F和hph-R这一对引物验证过表达株,引物为tDNA-F和hph-R时电泳无条带,说明深绿木霉T23中TaOElae1 过表达株构建成功。
1.5木霉菌固体发酵和菌丝中peptaibols提取
固体发酵:深绿木霉T23和OElael在PDA平板活化后,将长势相同的菌饼接种于150mm MEA平板中央,28℃培养七天。
粗提取:刮取生长7天的15cm平板上的菌丝及孢子;液氮研磨至粉末状,加入5ml氯仿,两次抽提,每次抽提时间为5min,期间充分摇晃;将溶液放入 1.5ml离心管中,45℃真空浓缩至溶液全部挥发;每个1.5mL离心管中加入187uL 甲醇,130g离心2min取上清液至新的1.5mL离心管中,真空浓缩至液体全部挥发,加入200ul甲醇,提取物保存于-20℃。
1.6 UPLC-QTOF-MS检测peptaibols含量
待测样品通过UPLC-QTOF-MS进行检测,参数及条件设置为:色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18(100*2.1mm,1.7um,Waters),柱温:45℃,进样量:luL。
表4色谱条件
A:0.1%甲酸-水溶液B:0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液
质谱条件为采集模式:MSE(低能量/高能量切换扫描),离子模式:电喷雾正离子/负离子分别扫描,毛细管电压:2KV(+)2KV(-),锥孔电压:40V,雾化气温度:450℃,雾化气流量:900L/h,锥孔反吹气:50L/h,离子源温度:115℃,扫描范围:50到1000m/z,扫描速度:0.2s,碰撞量:6eV/20~45eV,在线锁定质量(在线校正):250pg/uL亮氨酸脑啡肽持续进样,流速:10ul/min,采集间隔:0.5s,采集时间:0.5s,碰撞能量:6eV。
1.7基于UPLC-QTOF-MS的peptaibols鉴定
peptaibols的初步鉴定根据[M+H]+、[M+2H]2+,[M+NH4]+,[M-H2O+ H]+和[M+Na]+推测出分子量M。不同出峰时间代表不同peptaibols, peptaibols进一步鉴定采用b,y离子差值,通过计算差值与何种氨基酸残基分子量匹配,得到氨基酸残基序列。再通过软件“TheComprehensive Peptaibiotics DB”匹配相应抗菌肽。
1.8 peptaibols抑菌效果评价
将peptaibols粗提物配置成个不同浓度,分别涂布于平板上,接种待测病原菌,甲醇作为阴性对照,每个处理设3个重复。28℃下恒温培养3d,每天观察peptaibols对病原菌的抑制作用。5d后用十字交叉法测量病原菌菌落直径,计算抑菌率:
其中,I为对病原菌菌落的抑菌率,C为对照组中病原菌菌落半径,T为实验组中病原菌菌落半径
2.结果与分析
2.1深绿木霉Talae1基因遗传背景分析
首先从深绿木霉克隆的Talae1基因送去测序结果为Talae1基因编码框为1328bp,共编码317个氨基酸。Genscan在线预测显示Talae1基因共有一个内含子。根据系谱进化树和序列比对结果显示深绿木霉的Talae1蛋白与盖木斯木霉的同源性最高,高达96.2%,与里氏木霉同源性较低,仅为72.1%。同源性分析发现病原菌尖孢镰刀菌中也存在lael蛋白,但与深绿木霉同源性低(图1)。
2.2深绿木霉过表达载体的构建
构建过表达框的引物设计原理如图2所示,在lae1的编码框前面加上色氨酸强启动子(TrpC promoter),在其编码框后面加上色氨酸终止子序列,设计引物时,以设计扩增lae1编码狂为例,取前一片段TrpC promoter的后面16-30 个碱基对和后一片段lae1的编码框前面的16-30个碱基对的反相互补序列为上游引物,取lael编码框最后16-30个碱基对加上TrpC Terminator的前16-30 个碱基对的反向互补序列为下游引物,来扩增lae1编码框。
过表达株T23OElae1的构建过程中最为关键的是在lae1基因与强启动子Tr pC以及其终止子的融合。为了确保编码基因不变,首先我们使用高保真酶GXL 分别扩增了TrpCpromoter、lael-ORF和TrpC terminator,电泳结果如图3所示。
经过胶回收之后,用一步克隆试剂盒将这3个片段和经过Kpn I和Hind II I酶切过的1300th线性质粒连接起来,导入大肠杆菌中,挑取阳性菌落进行菌落PCR验证和并且将所得阳性菌落进行扩增。
2.3根瘤农杆菌介导的lae1基因的过表达、筛选和验证
构建过表达株T230Elae1的过程中,利用ATMT技术所得到的转化子只需要找到T-DNA插入的转化子即可,所以转化效率较高,经过一次ATMT后,共得到了10个转化子,提取DNA进行PCR验证,验证结果如图4所示。根据引物pro-F 和term-R,PCR产物的长度应为1882bp,与电泳结果一致,所以所得到的转化子为T-DNA插入后的结果,但表达量是否提高还需要进行qRT-PCR进行验证。
2.4 lae1基因过表达株与野生株性状对比:如图4D所示,T23OElael中lae1 基因的表达水平为野生株的12倍。在28℃黑暗条件下PDA固体平板上培养5天, 7天后,如图5所示,T230Elae1产生更多的绿色的分生孢子,并且菌丝更为浓密。使用血细胞计数板计数孢子数,T230Elae1孢子数显著高于野生株T23,发现说明深绿木霉的Talae1基因对分生孢子的产生具有促进作用。如图5C所示, lae1基因过表达后对生物量无显著提升。
2.5 UPLC-QTOF-MS检测peptaibols粗提物
如图6,通过UPLC-QTOF-MS分析,野生株T23共产生抗菌肽86种,其中有 84.80%的抗菌肽出峰时间为3-8min。在这86种抗菌肽,11、18、19个残基的抗菌肽占比最高,分别为32.55%、18.60%、31.40%,与抗菌肽数据库中氨基酸残基数相比,18、19个残基数的抗菌肽有所增加,但20个残基数的抗菌肽数量有所下降。Lae1基因过表达后,共产生抗菌肽98种,其中83.67%的抗菌肽出峰时间为3-8分钟,与野生株相比,lae1基因过表达后,抗菌肽的种类增加。在这 98种抗菌肽中,与野生株类似,11、18、19个残基的抗菌肽占比最高,分别为 26.53%、14.29%、33.67%,其次是20个残基的抗菌肽,占比为11.22%,较野生株(6.98%)有所提高。从抗菌肽种类来看,lael基因过表达后种类明显增多。
2.6深绿木霉T23、OElae1菌株固体发酵抗菌肽鉴定
对lae1基因显著调控且含量高的15种抗菌肽进行序列分析及鉴定(图10),结果表明这15种抗菌肽均为新型抗菌肽。这15种抗菌肽均为长链肽,残基数分别为18、19、20个,其中19个残基的抗菌肽有9个,18个残基的抗菌肽为4 个,20个残基的抗菌肽为1个。长链肽在Aib-Pro处断裂,分成N-末端和C-末端。这15种抗菌肽N端的分子量较为固定,一般为1122.6和1136.6,只有两个抗菌肽为1106.6和1091.6。但C端分子量随着抗菌肽分子量的变化而变化。尽管N端分子量较为固定,其氨基酸残基也并不完全相同,其中差异最大的是第 10和第11位的抗菌肽。第10位和第11位的氨基酸残基中主要为Lxx、Set、Thr、Gly、Asp等,而Set、Thr两个氨基酸为抗菌肽中出现频率较低的,分别为1.27%和0.58%。
在这15种抗菌肽中,第1、2、4、8、12、13、14、15、16位的氨基酸残基为保守的,根据保守氨基酸与数据库中抗菌肽氨基酸残基比对,发现没有同一类型的抗菌肽,猜测这15种抗菌肽为新的类型的抗菌肽。其中有三种peptaibols- pept-1910a、pept-1910b和pept-1938在野生株T23中未检测到,但在过表达株中含量很高,其二级质谱图如图7所示。在15种抗菌肽的C末端最后一个氨基酸残基为Trpol或Pheol,分别占比14.29%和85.71%。相较于抗菌肽数据库中,二者的占比均有所增加。
2.7深绿木霉T23lae1基因正调控peptaibols合成
野生株T.atroviride(T23)和过表达株(OElae1)中表现出明显的 peptaibols含量差异(图8)。Peptaibols含量差异由响应值(response)来表示。在过表达株(OElae1)中有11个peptaibols显著上调,如pept-1781a、 pept-1820、pept-1962分别上调2.24、2.42、2.62倍。还有一些peptaibols 上调并不明显,如pept-1781b、pept-1879、pept-1893、pept-1907、pept-1909、 pept-1923a仅上调1.28、1.45、1.50、1.66、1.59、1.79倍。此外,pept-1910a、 pept-1910b和pept-1938在野生株(T23)中不表达,但在lae1基因过表达时被激活。然而在lae1过表达后,只有pept-1781c表达下调。综合以上实验结果,可得到结论:在固体发酵条件下,深绿木霉T23lael基因正调控peptaibols 合成。
2.8 peptaibols粗提物抑菌活性的体外试验
通过peptaibols粗提物对禾谷镰孢菌的抑菌效果检测(如图9),发现过表达株(OElae1)的peptaibols粗提物有显著抑菌能力,抑菌率接近40%。而野生株 T23的抑菌效果仅为10%,显著低于过表达株。Lae1基因过表达后,抑菌效果提高了4倍。比较胞内提取物和胞外提取物的抑菌效果可见胞内提取物的抑菌效果高于胞外。以上结果表明lael基因通过调控抗菌肽的产生进一步调控抑菌效果。
综上所述,本发明通过进化树分析,发现生防真菌深绿木霉T23中LAE1基因与盖木斯木霉和棘孢木霉LAE1的同源性分别为96.2%和94.3%。有趣的是,Talae1 的过表达产生了15个新的peptaibol(18,19,20残基)。长链肽能够在脂质膜上形成电压依赖的离子通道,从而导致植物病原细胞死亡。本发明中pept-1781a中第六位的氨基酸是Lxx而不是Gln,与其他peptaibol不同,这个位置是至关重要的,因为Gln在离子通道的形成中起重要作用。离子通道调节着细胞膜上带电物执的运输,在药物靶点中起着重要的作用。因此可推测pept-1781a的抑制作用较弱于其他peptaibols。除pept-1781a外,1Ac Aib-2Ala-3Aib-4Aib-5XXX-6Gln-7Aib-8Aib-9Aib-10XXX-11XXX-12Aib-13Pro-1 4Lxx-15Aib-16Aib-17Gln/Gln-18XXX-19Pheol/Trpol在Peptaibotics数据库中均未发现。在19个残基的抗菌肽中,R12-R13处的Aib-Pro键对弯曲分子的二级结
构很重要。有趣的是,Aib-Aib结构在R3-R4,R7-R8-R9和R15-R16的频率较高,但Aib-Aib结构的作用还有待探索。
本发明共鉴定了15种新型peptaibols,其中3种peptaibols为深绿木霉T23 种中不产生,但在lae1基因过表达后合成。本发明中lae1基因过表达后, peptaibols粗提物的抑菌效相较于野生株提高了4倍,为peptaibols粗提物作为生物菌剂打下了基础。就生防目的而言,这些产生长链peptaibols的木霉菌株更值得关注,考虑使用纯化的peptaibols混合物作为生物防治剂,以避免产生潜在的霉菌毒素。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种深绿木霉Talae1基因过表达菌株,其特征在于,是在深绿木霉菌(T.atroviride)T23中过表达Talae1基因构建得到。
2.一种木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法,其特征在于,在深绿木霉菌(T.atroviride)T23中过表达Talae1基因,筛选验证,获得过表达株T23OElae1;所述过表达株发酵获得长链抗菌肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法,其特征在于,所述过表达Talae1基因包括:构建用于过表达Talae1基因的过表达载体,将所述过表达载体导入大肠杆菌,PCR验证、筛选阳性克隆,转化根癌农杆菌。
4.根据权利要求3所述的木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法的方法,其特征在于,构建过表达载体包括:用GXL高保真酶分别扩增得到色氨酸启动子片段TrpC promoter、lae1基因片段lae1-ORF和色氨酸终止子片段TrpC terminator,将3个片段和经过Kpn I和Hind III酶切过的1300th线性质粒连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法的方法,其特征在于,是将过表达载体导入根癌农杆菌AGL1进行ATMT转化;所述转化采用的诱导培养基为含40umol/L MES和200umol/L AS的IM培养基;采用的筛选培养基为含200μg/mL潮霉素和300μg/mL特美汀的CYA培养基。
6.根据权利要求2所述的木霉菌长链抗菌肽的合成方法的方法,其特征在于,所述长链抗菌肽包括:
pept-1781a:AcAlaAlaAibVxxLxxVxxAibGlyAsnAspAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1781b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1781c:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAlaAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1795:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnPheol,
pept-1820:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrVxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnTrpol,
pept-1879:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibAlaVxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPheol,
pept-1893:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibGlyLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1907:AcAlaAibAibVxxGlnAibAibAibSerProAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1909:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1910a:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPheol,
pept-1910b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibSerLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluGlnPheol,
pept-1923a:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1923b:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnPheol,
pept-1938:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibThrLxxAibProLxxAibAibGluAibGlyPheol,
pept-1962:AcAlaAibAibAibGlnAibAibAibAibGluAibProLxxAibAibGlnGlnTrpol。
7.一种深绿木霉T23OElae1菌株,其特征在于,所述深绿木霉T23OElae1菌株为深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)CGMCC NO.23291。
8.一种深绿木霉Tavel1基因在正调控木霉长链抗菌肽合成中的用途。
9.一种如权利要求1或7所述的菌株在木霉长链抗菌肽合成中的用途。
10.一种如权利要求1或7所述的菌株在制备抑菌生防菌剂中的用途,其特征在于,所述菌株的固体发酵产物用于抑菌。
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