CN113881134B - 一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113881134B CN113881134B CN202010619597.3A CN202010619597A CN113881134B CN 113881134 B CN113881134 B CN 113881134B CN 202010619597 A CN202010619597 A CN 202010619597A CN 113881134 B CN113881134 B CN 113881134B
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- silicon dioxide
- nano silicon
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- polyvinyl alcohol
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物及其应用,该组合物主要组成包括聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、熔体流动速率为10‑2000g/10min的聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为0.001‑15:100:0‑2:0‑2:0.01‑10;所述聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒,粒径范围为10nm‑50000nm,分子量为150‑40000,其接枝包覆的聚合物占纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒的0.1%‑80%,该组合物在无纺布设备上易于推广,可提高无纺布亲水性、断裂强度和冲击性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布技术领域,具体涉及一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物及其应用方法。
背景技术
聚烯烃纤维具有密度小、强度高、韧性好、耐化学品和耐磨性好。特别是细特聚烯烃纤维具有独特的芯吸效应,在服装、医疗卫生和非织造布方面具有广阔的应用前景。亲水无纺布是聚烯烃纤维一个重要的应用领域;目前的聚烯烃基亲水无纺布多为卫材用品,注重柔性提高;而聚烯烃亲水无纺布增强增韧领域的市场需求较大,亟待开发。
CN109477266A公开了聚丙烯非织造纤维、织物及其制造方法,其包含形成包含主要的聚丙烯和至少一种次要的聚烯烃的聚合物组合物。该发明通过添加高熔体强度聚丙烯或基于丙烯的弹性体进行改性;在纺粘方法中由该聚合物组合物来形成纤维,然后形成织物。
目前使用广泛的聚丙烯纤维的亲水改性剂有有机硅聚醚、Irgasurf HL560、CibaIRGATEC CR 76等;但有机硅聚醚的含油率对聚丙烯纤维制品的亲水性和物理机械性能有影响且大多需要单独进行亲水整理工艺,增加了生产工序;而Irgasurf HL560与CibaIRGATEC CR 76等直接添加的亲水改性剂价格较为昂贵。
CN108998889A公开了一种ES亲水纤维无纺布的制备工艺,所述无纺布经过专门的亲水整理过程,对纤维无纺布在表面活性剂复配油剂中进行浸渍,取出无纺布,用轧液机把无纺布中多余的液体挤出,再烘干成布。该方法需要专门的亲水整理工艺,在已有无纺布生产线上推广较为困难;并且表面处理工艺所得亲水无纺布不易保证长效耐用性能。
CN107245885A公开了一种耐污亲水无纺布,通过聚乙二醇、月桂酰基谷氨酸与葎草液低压恒温下协同处理聚丙烯无纺布;能够极大的降低聚丙烯无纺布表面接触角,明显改善聚丙烯无纺布的亲水性,并且还能够提高聚丙烯无纺布的耐污染性;通过本发明处理方法处理后,聚丙烯无纺布的韧性具有一定程度的增强强;但同样增加了处理工艺,生产效率受到制约。
传统的聚丙烯的力学性能改性方法是添加滑石粉、碳酸钙和高岭土等无机粒子填料。CN109468747A公开了一种汽车坐垫用无纺布,采用改性滑石粉等改善聚丙烯无纺布的力学性能。
相比于微米级刚性无机填料,纳米级刚性无机填料对PP力学性能改进效果更加优异。纳米二氧化硅是一种性能极其优异的无机改性填料,既能增强聚丙烯的拉伸强度,又能增强其冲击强度,同时还被用来调节材料的溶度参数等性能。
CN110103554A公开一种耐寒抑菌高强度的PPR管材及其制备方法,其中纳米二氧化硅被用作增强改性剂。
CN106947158A公开了一种无卤高抗冲阻燃聚丙烯材料的制备方法,在该种材料的制备过程中,带有功能团的功能化弹性体共聚物包覆纳米级二氧化硅的粉体被用作抗收缩剂,功能化共聚物优选述功能化弹性体共聚物为乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
CN103189441B公开了一种用纳米二氧化硅、聚乙烯醇、丙烯酸系共聚物、以及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物来制备聚烯烃组合物的方法,组合物用于聚烯烃包装膜领域。该专利利用纳米二氧化硅、聚乙烯醇、(甲基)丙烯酸(盐)共聚物的极性,来改变聚烯烃基体的溶度参数,降低聚烯烃薄膜对于甲苯/乙酸乙酯等有机分子的亲和性,溶解性及吸附性;同时在聚烯烃薄膜中,二氧化硅、聚乙烯醇、(甲基)丙烯酸(盐)共聚物对于聚烯烃基体的异相成核作用也会提高聚烯烃的重结晶温度和结晶速率,有利于提高聚烯烃整体的结晶度,进一步降低其对有机溶剂的溶解性和吸附性。
CN101724176A公开了一种利用纳米二氧化硅和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物所组成助剂来改性聚烯烃食品软包装材料的方法;该发明利用共沉淀法通过乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)乳液和水玻璃为原料制备纳米二氧化硅;共沉淀法所得的纳米二氧化硅和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物作为助剂,添加至聚烯烃基体,可以降低其熔体粘度,改善其加工性能。该发明改性后的聚烯烃薄膜极性增加,会减少静电的产生,进而可以减少抗静电剂的用量;填充的纳米SiO2粒子有一部分存在于薄膜的表面,增加了薄膜表面的极性,提高了对油墨的锚固能力;另外位于薄膜表面的SiO2粒子形成的微小凸起,利于空气的进入,减少薄膜间的粘连,有利于降低薄膜的摩擦系数,因此可以减少爽滑剂的用量,爽滑剂的渗出问题也会得到一定程度的改善。但CN103189441B与CN101724176A两篇专利的改性方法,无机粒子添加比例较大,仅适用于流延、双向拉伸等薄膜用材料。
CN107286467A公开了一种聚丙烯拒水无纺布专用色母粒及其制备方法,该色母粒由聚丙烯树脂、钛白粉、分散剂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、二氧化硅、偶联剂、助剂、高温稳定剂等原料制备而成。
CN109706624A公开了一种抗菌防霉聚丙烯无纺布及其制备方法,该专利中纳米级气相二氧化硅作为优选的分散剂之一促进功能助剂的分散。
目前使用广泛的聚烯烃纤维的亲水改性剂有有机硅聚醚、Irgasurf HL560、CibaIRGATEC CR 76等;但有机硅聚醚的含油率对聚烯烃纤维制品的亲水性和物理机械性能有影响且大多需要单独进行亲水整理工艺,增加了生产工序,在应用过程中推广受限,并且表面涂覆物质使得材料的长效耐用性较弱;而直接添加的亲水改性剂Irgasurf HL560与CibaIRGATEC CR 76等价格较为昂贵。
目前的聚烯烃基亲水无纺布多为卫材用品,注重柔性提高;对于聚烯烃亲水无纺布增强增韧领域的市场需求较大,亟待开发。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物,可应用于清洁材料等领域;该组合物在无纺布设备上易于推广,可提高无纺布亲水性、抗断裂强度和抗冲击性。
为达上述目的,本发明公开了一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物,主要组成包括:聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、熔体流动速率为10-2000g/10min的聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为0.001-15:100:0-2:0-2:0.01-10;聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒,粒径范围为10nm-50000nm,分子量为150-40000,其接枝包覆的聚合物占纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒的0.1%-80%。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,聚烯烃基料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、均聚聚丙烯、共聚聚丙烯中的至少一种。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,相容剂为接枝聚乙烯或聚丙烯,分子量为2000-200000,接枝率为0.1-15%的马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯接枝聚丙烯或聚乙烯;吸酸剂为有机钙化合物、有机锌化合物、有机镁化合物、硬脂酸钠、水滑石和氧化锌中的至少一种。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为0.01-15:100:0.01-0.3:0.01-0.2:0.05-5。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,抗氧剂为四[-β(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸)]季戊四醇(1010)、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八酯(1076)、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯基(330)和亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基)苯酯(168)中的至少一种。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,吸酸剂为有机钙化合物、有机锌化合物、有机镁化合物、硬脂酸钠、水滑石和氧化锌中的至少一种。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,纳米二氧化硅由以下方法制得:
(1)将无水乙醇加入去离子水中,得到乙醇溶液;
(2)将氨水加入乙醇溶液中,搅拌并加热至30~80℃,得到反应溶液;
(3)将正硅酸乙酯加入反应溶液中,在30~100℃下搅拌反应1~8h,得到反应产物;
(4)将反应产物置于离心机中,在室温~100℃下进行离心分离10~15min,取下层,得到固体沉积物;
(5)将固体沉积物用有机溶剂清洗,再用去离子水清洗,置于烘箱中在120~140℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得到纳米二氧化硅粉体。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒由以下方法制得:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅加入乙醇水溶液中,搅拌使之均匀分散,加入酸以调节pH值;
(2)在搅拌条件下加入硅烷偶联剂,并将温度升至50~120℃,继续搅拌1~6h;降温至10~45℃,使用有机溶剂进行洗涤,干燥,得到硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅;
(3)将聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺,溶于水中,再向其中加入经硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅,搅拌均匀,加热至50~100℃,搅拌下,反应0.5-8h后,离心搅拌,过滤,并用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼多次,干燥后即得聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,优选的,相容剂由以下方法制得:
(1)将一定量的聚烯烃基料、马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸/甲酯甲基丙烯酸丁酯与过氧化物引发剂过氧化二异丙苯/过氧化苯甲酰/过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯/过氧化甲乙酮/偶氮二异丁腈搅拌,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的聚丙烯基料、接枝单体、过氧化物引发剂加入单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机(L/D≥15),在螺杆温度160~250℃下,进行基础造粒,并对粒子进行干燥,得到相容剂。
本发明还提供一种上述组合物的应用,该组合物应用于无纺布的制备。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其中,组合物在170-280℃下,经过纺粘/熔喷,制得无纺布。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其中,组合物在170-280℃下熔融混合均匀,挤出造粒,烘干,得到无纺布原料母粒,再经过熔融混合、挤出、气流拉伸、冷却固化、成网和加固过程,制得无纺布。
本发明的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其中,无纺布为单层无纺布、SS或SMS类型无纺布。
本发明还可以详述如下:
本发明涉及一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于组成包括:聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、熔体流动速率10-2000g/10min的聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比0.001~15:100:0-2:0-2:0.01-10;聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒,粒径范围为10nm-50000nm,其接枝包覆的聚合物占纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒的0.1%-80%。
本发明还提供了更优选的组成范围:聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为:0.01-15:100:0.01~0.3:0.01~0.2:0.05-5。
本发明所述的聚烯烃基料最好是可以是聚丙烯和/或聚乙烯粉料,也可以是聚丙烯和/或聚乙烯粒料;可以为均聚聚丙烯,也可以为共聚聚丙烯,或为均聚聚丙烯/共聚聚丙烯组合物。聚烯烃基料的熔体流动速率最好为10-2000g/10min(2.16kg/10min)。
本发明中并不特别限制抗氧剂的种类,本领域常用抗氧剂即可,如所述抗氧剂可以是酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂,如四[-β(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸)]季戊四醇(1010)、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八酯(1076)、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯基(330)、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基)苯酯(168)等。
本发明中同样不特别限制吸酸剂的种类,本领域常用吸酸剂即可,如可为有机钙化合物、有机锌化合物、有机镁化合物、硬脂酸钠、水滑石、氧化锌等的一种或多种的混合物。
本发明所述相容剂可以是本技术领域常用的相容剂,加入相容剂会增强聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合粒子与聚烯烃基体的界面相互作用,提高体系中聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒与聚烯烃基体的相容性;可以根据纳米二氧化硅复合粒子上接枝的聚合物的分子量以及聚烯烃基料的分子量选择适宜的相容剂,本发明推荐相容剂最好为马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯等接枝的聚丙烯或聚乙烯,推荐分子量为2000-200000,含有0.1~15%马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯等的接枝聚丙烯或聚乙烯。加入相容剂接枝聚烯烃会增强非极性的聚烯烃基体与极性的聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合粒子界面相互作用,改善材料的力学性能,改变聚丙烯基体的极性。聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺的分子量最好为150-40000,其接枝改性后,有机物占纳米二氧化硅复合粒子的比重最好在0.1%-80%的范围内。
本发明并不特别限定相容剂——接枝聚烯烃制备方法,如可以使用溶液接枝法、辐照接枝法或反应挤出接枝法,本发明特别推荐了一种相容剂——接枝聚烯烃的制备方法,为反应挤出接枝法:
(1)将聚烯烃、马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸/甲酯甲基丙烯酸丁酯与过氧化物引发物,如可以是过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯、过氧化甲乙酮、偶氮二异丁腈等,采用机械搅拌,混合均匀。
(2)将混合均匀的聚烯烃、接枝单体、过氧化物引发剂加入单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机(L/D≥15),在螺杆温度160~250℃下,进行基础造粒,并对粒子进行干燥。
本发明同样并不限制纳米二氧化硅的制备方法,常用现有技术获得的纳米二氧化硅均可使用。如可以采用如下方法获得。具体步骤为
(1)将无水乙醇加入去离子水中,常温下以120~140r/min转速搅拌5~10min,得乙醇溶液;
(2)将氨水加入乙醇溶液中,在30~80℃的水浴条件下以200~220r/min转速搅拌10~15min,保温,得反应溶液;
(3)将正硅酸乙酯以10~60mL/min的流速均匀加入反应溶液中,在30~100℃的水浴条件下以240~280r/min转速搅拌反应1~8h,得反应产物;
(4)将反应产物置于离心机中在常温~100℃下以3500~4000r/min转速离心分离10~15min,取下层,得固体沉积物;
(5)将固体沉积物用无水乙醇清洗3~5次,再用去离子水清洗3~5次,置于烘箱中在120~140℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得纳米二氧化硅粉体。
本发明的组合物中聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅,可用如下方法获得:
先进行硅烷偶联剂改性:
将纳米二氧化硅放置于烧杯中,称取一定量的纳米二氧化硅粉体缓慢加入乙醇/水溶液中(乙醇与水的比例根据体系所用硅烷偶联剂的溶解情况而定);移入三口烧瓶内,磁力搅拌均匀或用超声分散20min以上,使粒子完全分散。滴入草酸等,调节体系pH值至特定区间3.5-5.5,pH区间根据所采取硅烷偶联剂溶解度而定。
保持搅拌速度180~300r/min,搅拌加入纳米二氧化硅粒子质量分数0.1-20%的硅烷偶联剂,将温度逐渐升至50-120℃,继续搅拌1~6h。降至10~45℃后,用有机溶剂如四氢呋喃进行多次洗涤,干燥,得硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅。此步骤亦可以在加入硅烷偶联剂之后,将体系进行高速剪切2-5min,转速在1500-2000r/min,然后将所得悬浮液密封,在30℃下震荡5min,然后经分离/干燥得到硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅。
再进行复合改性:
将聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺,溶解于热水中,再向其中加入经硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米二氧化硅粉体,充分搅拌至均匀,加热50-100℃,向体系中滴入乙酸等,将pH值调制3.5-5.5,磁力搅拌速度180-300r/min,反应0.5-8h后,搅拌,离心,并用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼多次,干燥后即得复合改性的纳米二氧化硅。
本发明中由于使用的是由聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺接枝复合改性的纳米二氧化硅,不同于直接使用纳米二氧化硅,同时也不同于在最终在亲水无纺布的组合物中加入聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯亚胺;由于纳米二氧化硅表面进行包覆改性,其分散性提高;聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺与纳米二氧化硅通过共价键相连,其迁移性降低,体系的长期稳定性能优良。
本发明还提供了上述亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,方法为:将含有本发明的亲水无纺布的组合物的物料在170~280℃下,经过纺粘/熔喷制备亲水/增强无纺布。
还可以是:将混合均匀含有本发明的亲水无纺布的组合物的物料熔融混合均匀,挤出造粒,烘干,加工温度保持在170~280℃之间,得到无纺布原料母粒。最后将上述无纺布原料母粒加入无纺布生产设备中,经过熔融混合、挤出、气流拉伸、冷却固化、成网和加固等过程,得到无纺布,加工温度在170~280℃之间。
本发明的组合物的应用中制备工艺可采用本领域常规的各种无纺布工艺,包括但不仅限于纺粘法,例如莱芬豪舍纺粘法,也可以通过熔喷等方法制备无纺布产品;可制备单层无纺布,也可制备SS和SMS等其他类型的无纺布。无纺布制造过程中,还可根据需要加入其它母粒或组成,如抗菌防霉母粒、组分,色母粒等。本发明采用聚乙烯醇改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒改性聚丙烯材料,制备亲水增强的聚烯烃无纺布,复合粒子可以同时改善基础材料的亲水性能和力学性能,改性效率高。
本发明提供的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其中的聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯亚胺接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒同时具有增韧和提高聚烯烃材料亲水性能的作用,综合性强,改性效率高,成本较低;在较低添加量的条件下,改性效果明显。便于生产使用过程中产品的质量均一化控制。助剂迁移率较低,有利于保持产品的长效耐用性能。本发明无需单独的亲水整理工艺,改性方法普适性较强,在无纺布设备上易于推广。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述,但应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。并对本发明无纺布产品的纵向断裂强力,纵向断裂伸长率,横向断裂强力,横向断裂伸长率进行测试。
本发明中将粒料压制薄膜,通过测试静态水接触角来表征其亲水性,采用外形图像法或称重法。
实施例1
(1)量取1000mL无水乙醇、将12.5mL去离子水,常温下以140r/min转速搅拌5~10min,得去离子水/乙醇溶液;
(2)将12.5mL氨水滴加入水/乙醇溶液中,在40℃的水浴条件下以220r/min转速搅拌10~15min,保温,得反应溶液;
(3)将40mL的正硅酸乙酯以10mL/min的流速均匀加入反应溶液中,在40℃的水浴条件下以280r/min转速搅拌反应4h,得粒径为30nm的二氧化硅纳米粒子产物;
(4)将反应产物置于离心机中常温下以3500r/min转速离心分离15min,取下层,得固体沉积物;
(5)将固体沉积物用无水乙醇清洗3次,再用去离子水清洗3次,置于烘箱中在120℃的条件下干燥4h,得纳米二氧化硅粉体。
(6)称取10g纳米二氧化硅粉体放置于烧杯中,缓慢加入乙醇/水溶液500mL中(9:1);移入三口烧瓶内,磁力搅拌均匀或用超声分散20min以上,使例子完全分散。滴入乙酸溶液310uL,调节体系pH值至4.8。
(7)保持磁力搅拌速度280r/min,搅拌滴加7g的甲基三乙氧基硅烷滴加完毕后,将冷凝管回流加热,继续搅拌3h。降至室温后,用有机溶剂四氢呋喃进行多次洗涤,干燥,得硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅。
(8)称取聚合度1000-1200,醇解度>98%的聚乙烯醇5g,溶解于95℃热水中,再向其中加入经硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米二氧化硅粉体10g/50mL乙醇溶液,充分搅拌至均匀,加热至80℃,向体系中滴入乙酸,将pH值调制4.8,磁力搅拌速度300r/min,反应3h后,搅拌,离心,并用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼多次,干燥后即得复合改性的纳米二氧化硅纳米粒子。
(9)相容剂制备方法为:将1000g熔指为12g/10min的均聚聚丙烯基料与2g过氧化二异丙苯与4g马来酸酐共混,在210~230℃条件下,经过双螺杆挤出机进行造粒,并对粒子进行干燥,得相容剂。
(10)将所得复合改性的二氧化硅粒子(粒径42nm,含聚合物8%),均聚聚丙烯基础粉料(熔体流动速率为500g/10min的均聚聚丙烯,等规度98.0%),
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010和168按1:1共混)
吸酸剂(水滑石)
相容剂(马来酸酐接枝率约为5%)
按重量比2:100:0.15:0.015:0.5在高速搅拌机中混合均匀制成母粒,之后在210-240℃加工温度的纺粘装备上制备克重为13g/m2的无纺布。
其纵向断裂强力为34.3N,纵向断裂伸长率为103.1%;横向断裂强力为17.6N,横向断裂伸长率为107.5%;将粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为56.3°,用注塑机制备冲击样条,冲击强度为3.0kJ/m2。
对比例1(不加入复合改性的二氧化硅粒子,其余条件同实施例1)
将均聚聚丙烯基础粉料(熔体流动速率为500g/10min的均聚聚丙烯)
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010和168按1:1共混)
吸酸剂(水滑石)
相容剂(马来酸酐接枝率约为5%)
按重量比100:0.15:0.015:0.5在高速搅拌机中混合均匀制成母粒,之后在210-240℃加工温度的纺粘装备上制备克重为13g/m2的无纺布。
其纵向断裂强力为27.5N,纵向断裂伸长率为99.0%;横向断裂强力为15.8N,横向断裂伸长率为101.2%;将粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为99.5°,用注塑机制备冲击样条,冲击强度为1.8kJ/m2。
对比例2(加入的是未经改性的二氧化硅粒子,同样量的聚乙烯醇作为组合物的组分加入,其余条件同实施例1)
将纳米二氧化硅粒子(粒径30nm)
聚乙烯醇(聚合度1000-1200,醇解度>98%的聚乙烯醇)
均聚聚丙烯基础粉料(熔体流动速率为500g/10min的均聚聚丙烯)
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010和168按1:1共混)
吸酸剂(水滑石)
相容剂
按重量比2:0.3:100:0.15:0.015:0.5在高速搅拌机中混合均匀制成母粒,之后在210-240℃加工温度的纺粘装备上制备克重为13g/m2的无纺布。
其纵向断裂强力为27.0N,纵向断裂伸长率为95%;横向断裂强力为14.2N,横向断裂伸长率为98%;将混合制备的粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为73°;混合制备的粒料在注射机上制成样条测试,冲击强度为1.4kJ/m2。
实施例2
将聚乙烯亚胺改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒(粒径为200nm,含聚合物6%)
均聚聚丙烯基料(溶体流动速率为100g/10min)
抗氧剂(抗氧剂3114和626比例2:1)
吸酸剂(硬脂酸钙)
相容剂(基础聚丙烯的熔指约为20g/10min,接枝的甲基丙烯酸甲酯占3%)
按重量比2.5:100:0.15:0.015:1混合均匀制成母粒;
之后在220-250℃加工温度的无纺布生产线上制备克重为75g/m2的无纺布,其纵向断裂强力为268.2N,纵向断裂伸长率为124.1%;横向断裂强力为205.3N,横向断裂伸长率为127.3%;将混合制备的粒料压制薄膜,进行静态水接触角测试,其接触角为54.2°;混合制备的粒料在注射机上制成样条测试,冲击强度为2.3kJ/m2。
实施例3
将聚乙烯醇改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒(粒径为350nm,含聚合物7%)、无规共聚聚丙烯基料(溶体流动速率为80g/10min,乙烯含量2.5%)、
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010:626为1:1)
吸酸剂(氧化锌)
相容剂(熔指8g/10min,甲基丙烯酸丁酯接枝率2.8%)
按重量比3:100:0.20:0.025:1混合均匀制成母粒;
之后在加工温度在220-250℃的无纺布生产线上制备克重为48g/m2的无纺布,其纵向断裂强力为29.2N,纵向断裂伸长率为163.3%;横向断裂强力为18.0,横向断裂伸长率为138.9%;将混合制备的粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为55.7°;混合制备的粒料在注射机上制成样条测试,冲击强度为4.9kJ/m2。
实施例4
将聚乙烯醇改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒(粒径为350nm,含聚合物10%)
聚乙烯基料(熔体流动速率为35g/10min)
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1076:抗氧剂168为1:2)
吸酸剂(硬脂酸镁)
相容剂(基础聚乙烯熔指为8g/10min,马来酸酐接枝率为4.5%)
按重量比3:100:0.20:0.025:1混合均匀制成母粒,得组合物1;
将聚丙烯醇改性纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒(粒径为350nm,含聚合物8%)
聚丙烯基料(熔体流动速率为70g/10min)
抗氧剂(抗氧剂1076:抗氧剂168为1:2)
吸酸剂(硬脂酸镁)
相容剂(基础聚丙烯熔指为6g/10min,马来酸酐接枝率为4.5%)
按重量比3:100:0.20:0.025:1混合均匀制成母粒,得组合物2。
将组合物1和组合物2制成的母粒以1:2的比例在挤出机上分别投料,在莱芬豪舍双组分生产线,纺丝温度在190-210℃的无纺布生产线上制备克重为48g/m2的ES纤维无纺布;其纵向断裂强力为31.2N,纵向断裂伸长率为160.3%;横向断裂强力为26.4,横向断裂伸长率为154.9%;将组合物1混合制备的粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为55.7°;组合物1的粒料在注射机上制成样条测试,冲击强度为5.6kJ/m2;将组合物2制备的粒料压制薄膜,静态水接触角测试,其接触角为56.3°组合物2的粒料在注射机上制成样条测试,冲击强度为2.7kJ/m2。
由实验结果可以看出,本发明的聚烯烃复合物的亲水性、断裂强度和冲击性能明显高于对比例;用复合助剂改性亲水性能的同时,提高材料的力学性能,改性效率高,有利于产品生产过程中的质量控制。
实验证明,纳米二氧化硅粒子接枝聚乙烯醇/聚乙烯亚胺改性纤维用聚烯烃,在较低添加量的条件下,改性效果明显。可降低生产成本。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求书所界定的保护范围。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,主要组成包括:聚乙烯醇接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、熔体流动速率为10-2000g/10min的聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为0.001-15:100:0-2:0-2:0.01-10;所述聚乙烯醇接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒,粒径范围为10nm-50000nm,分子量为150-40000,其接枝包覆的聚合物占纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒的 0.1%-80 %,所述聚烯烃基料为聚乙烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述相容剂为接枝聚乙烯或聚丙烯,分子量为2000-200000,接枝率为0.1-15%的马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯接枝聚丙烯或聚乙烯;所述吸酸剂为有机钙化合物、有机锌化合物、有机镁化合物、硬脂酸钠、水滑石和氧化锌中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯醇接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒、聚烯烃基料、抗氧剂、吸酸剂、相容剂按重量比为0.01-15:100:0.01-0.3:0.01-0.2:0.05-5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂或亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为四[-β(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸)]季戊四醇(1010)、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八酯(1076)、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯基(330)和亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基)苯酯(168)中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述吸酸剂为有机钙化合物、有机锌化合物、有机镁化合物、硬脂酸钠、水滑石和氧化锌中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅由以下方法制得:
(1)将无水乙醇加入去离子水中,得到乙醇溶液;
(2)将氨水加入乙醇溶液中,搅拌并加热至30 ~ 80℃,得到反应溶液;
(3)将正硅酸乙酯加入反应溶液中,在30~100℃下搅拌反应 1~8 h,得到反应产物;
(4)将反应产物置于离心机中,在室温~100℃下进行离心分离10~15min,取下层,得到固体沉积物;
(5)将固体沉积物用有机溶剂清洗,再用去离子水清洗,置于烘箱中在120~140℃的条件下干燥4~6h,得到纳米二氧化硅粉体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯醇接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒由以下方法制得:
(1)将纳米二氧化硅加入乙醇水溶液中,搅拌使之均匀分散,加入酸以调节pH值;
(2)在搅拌条件下加入硅烷偶联剂,并将温度升至50~120℃,继续搅拌 1~6h;降温至10~45℃,使用有机溶剂进行洗涤,干燥,得到硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅;
(3)将聚乙烯醇,溶于水中,再向其中加入经硅烷偶联剂改性纳米二氧化硅,搅拌均匀,加热至 50 ~100 ℃,搅拌下,反应0.5 -8 h后,离心搅拌,过滤,并用有机溶剂洗涤滤饼多次,干燥后即得聚乙烯醇接枝纳米二氧化硅复合颗粒。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物,其特征在于,所述相容剂由以下方法制得:
(1)将聚烯烃基料、马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸/甲酯甲基丙烯酸丁酯与过氧化物引发剂过氧化二异丙苯/过氧化苯甲酰/过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯/过氧化甲乙酮/偶氮二异丁腈搅拌,混合均匀;
(2)将混合均匀的聚丙烯基料、接枝单体、过氧化物引发剂加入单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机,L/D≥15,在螺杆温度160~250℃下,进行基础造粒,并对粒子进行干燥,得到相容剂。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物应用于无纺布的制备。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物在170-280℃下,经过纺粘/熔喷,制得无纺布。
12.根据权利要求10所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物在170-280℃下熔融混合均匀,挤出造粒,烘干,得到无纺布原料母粒,再经过熔融混合、挤出、气流拉伸、冷却固化、成网和加固过程,制得无纺布。
13.根据权利要求10所述的用于亲水无纺布的组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述无纺布为单层无纺布、SS类型无纺布或SMS类型无纺布。
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