CN1138805A - 判定量化参数的方法及装置 - Google Patents

判定量化参数的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1138805A
CN1138805A CN95120435A CN95120435A CN1138805A CN 1138805 A CN1138805 A CN 1138805A CN 95120435 A CN95120435 A CN 95120435A CN 95120435 A CN95120435 A CN 95120435A CN 1138805 A CN1138805 A CN 1138805A
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林钟泰
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Fengye Vision Technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

用在一量化及编码输入数据并经一缓冲器传送被编码的数据的视频信号编码装置中,用于响应输入数据及一控制信号生成确定一量化步长的量化参数的装置,包括:响应该控制信号,判定用于一当前帧的各片的当前候选的量化参数的装置;响应该输入数据,生成一识别在视频信号编码装置正被处理的当前帧的片的片数信号的装置。存储装置;及用于假如该片数信号表示除第一片以外的当前帧的一其它片正被处理,选择当前候选的量化参数作为量化参数的装置。

Description

判定量化参数的方法及装置
本发明涉及一种视频信号编码装置;且更具体地,涉及一种用于判定量化自待被传输的视频信号导出的变换系数的步长,从而改善被传输视频信号的质量的方法及装置。
在例如高清晰度电视及可视电话系统的各种电子装置中,视频信号可以数字的形式被传输。当包含一序列视频“帧”的视频信号以数字形式表达时,生成有大量的数字数据:对于各视频帧行由一序列称之为“象素”的数字数据元素确定。然而,由于传统传输信道可利用的频带宽度是有限的,为了通过固定的信道传输大量的数字数据,视频信号编码装置通常被用于压缩数据数据。
传统的视频信号编码装置典型地包括一顺序地将包含在一视频帧信号中的多个例如8×8象素的块转换成多个8×8变换系数的块的变换编码器,例如DCT(离散余弦变换)编码器。这些变换系数块在一量化电路中被顺序地处理,转换成量化的数据。量化的数据通过使用例如行程编码及变长编码被进一步处理并被馈送给一缓冲器。变换的数据被暂时地存储在该缓冲器中并自其提供给例如一传送装置。
在视频信号编码装置中,量化变换系数块的方式确定了被编码视频信号的比特率并限定了自被编码视频信号重构视频信号的质量。为了实现量化,传统的量化电路包括一量化器的步长矩阵,该矩阵的量化步长通过使用在国际标准化组织(ISO)标准委员会草案11172-2中所包含的运动画面专家组(MPEG)的视频编码语法中表示的所谓量化参数而被控制。
量化步长直接控制被编码视频信号的比特率及在改善被编码视频信号中所采用的量化的粗度/细度。也就是,一较小的量化步长要求较多量的需要用于其表示的较大量码比特的数据,而一较大的量化步长导致较少量的需要用于其表示的较小量码比特的数据。且,一较大的量化码比特能比一较小量的码比特更精确地表示一帧视频信号。因此,为了取得一特定的预定目标比特率的最高画面质量,需要适当地选择量化参数。
在传统的编码装置中被处理的图象数据包括多个帧,各帧包括多个片且各片有多个宏块,各宏块为一组预定数量的块。
在现有技术的编码装置中,如下所述,量化参数在各片的开始被重新调整并也可在宏块的开始被复位。
用于判定量化参数的一个简单的算法是监视缓冲器的充满度。即,如果缓冲器将要溢出,量化步长应该被增大;而如果缓冲器的占有率水平较低,量化步长应该被减小。
另一种判定量化参数的方法考虑到局部图象内容及缓冲器充满度。具体地,量化步长被调整至在一图象帧的平稳区域内的一小值并被设定至在一繁忙区域内的大值。这种技术以提高繁忙区域中的量化噪声为代价减小了平稳区域内的块形的可视度,然而,它可由图象细节所掩蔽。
在以上所述的传统方案中,用于一图象帧的一片的量化参数除了当它在一宏块的基础上被判定外,主要依靠缓冲器充满度及先前片的事务而被判定。
然而,在对视频信号的一当前帧的第一片的量化参数的判定中,考虑先前片,即在先帧中的最后片可能是不恰当的,因为在先帧的最后片的特征可能明显区别于当前帧的第一片的特征。因此,期望设计出一种在对当前帧中第一片的量化参数的判定中考虑到除先前片的事务以外的其它的图象特征的方案。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种改进的视频信号编码装置,其中通过依据在先帧中第二片的量化参数判定当前帧的第一片的量化参数并依靠控制被编码数据流的缓冲器的充满度判定当前帧的剩余片的量化参数而获得改善的画面质量。
根据本发明,提供有一种装置,用在一量化及编码输入数据并经一缓冲器传送被编码的数据的视频信号编码装置中,用于响应输入数据及一控制信号生成一确定量化步长的量化参数,其中输入数据包括多个帧,各帧由多个片组成,及控制信号表示缓冲器的充满程度,该装置包括:
响应控制信号,判定用于一当前帧的各片的当前候选的量化参数的装置;
响应输入数据,生成一识别在该视频信号编码装置中正被处理的当前帧的片的片数信号的装置;
存储装置,用于假如片数信号表示当前帧的第二片在该视频信号编码装置被处理,存储当前候选的量化参数;及
用于假如片数信号表示当前帧的第一片正被处理,选择先前存储在存储装置的在先帧的第二片的在先候选的量化参数为量化参数;及用于假如片数信号表示除第一片以外的当前帧的其它的一片正被处理,选择当前候选的量化参数为量化参数的装置。
本发明的上述及其它目的和特征将从以下结合附图对优选实施例的说明中更为明了。附图1为一采用本发明的量化器参数判定方案的视频信号编码装置的方框图。
参照附图,提供有一个采用本发明的量化参数判定方案的视频信号编码装置的方框图。
本发明的编码装置的输入数据是采用变换系数块的形式,这些变换系数块通过对图象数据进行离散余弦变换已被获得。该输入数据被馈送给一量化器100,用于根据在量化参数判定单元10所判定的量化参数对输入数据进行量化。
具体地,量化器100有一用于存储一基本量化步长的矩阵的存储器。这些基本量化步长被配置以使一个基本步长对应于包含在各变换系数块中的一个变换系数(见国际标准化组织(ISO)标准委员会草案11172-2)。
除了这些变换系数块以外,该量化器100还从量化参数判定单元10接收一量化参数Qp。该量化器100使用基本量化步长矩阵及量化参数以生成被量化的数据,变换系数块的被量化的形式作为其输出。待被采用用于量化一变换系数块的各系数的实际量化步长通过将量化参数Qp乘以基本量化步长矩阵的一各基本元素而产生。
然后,被量化的数据被耦合至一传统的变长编码单元110,该变长编码单元110用于通过采用例如一行程编码及一汉明(Huffman)编码技术生成被编码的视频数据。
该被编码的视频数据被暂时存储在一缓冲器120中并然后经一传输电路被传送给一接收机(未示出)。
量化参数判定单元110包括一Qp调节器130、一存储器140、一控制器150及一选择器160。
表示缓冲器120的充满程度的信号C1也被耦合至Qp调节器130。在Qp调节器130,量化参数依据缓冲器120的充满程度以与现有技术量化参数判定方案相同的方式被确定。在Qp调节器130被判定的Qp被馈送给选择器160及存储器140。
输入数据也被馈送给控制器150。响应于该输入数据,控制器150生成一片数信号C2,该片数信号C2表示一帧的哪个片当前正在编码装置被处理。
在存储器140,响应来自控制器150的片数信号C2,用于各帧的第二片的Qp被存入其中。也就是,当前帧,即当前正被处理的帧的第二片的Qp被馈送给存储器140时,该存储器140的内容,即用于一先前帧的第二片的Qp被更新为所述用于当前帧的第二片的Qp。用于其它片的Qp不被存储。被存储的Qp被馈送给选择器160。
在选择器160,响应于C2,来自Qp调节器130的Qp或存储在存储器140的Qp被选择。如果C2表示当前帧的第一片正被处理,存储在存储器140的Qp被选择;而如果C2表示除第一个以外的其它一个片正被处理,来自Qp调节器130的Qp被选择。换句话说,用于先前帧的第二片的Qp被判定为用于当前帧的第一片的Qp;且除用于第一片外,Qp根据缓冲器的充满度被判定。
众所周知,在大多数情况下,当前帧的图象特征与先前帧的图象特征相类似,且因此,当前帧的第一片的图象特征与先前帧的第二片的图象特征没有很大的差别。据此,可以说使用用于先前帧的第二片的Qp作为用于当前帧的第一片的Qp比根据更易受到先前帧的最后片的特征影响的缓冲器充满度来判定它更有效。并且,可以容易地看到用于先前帧的第一片的Qp不能被用作为用于当前帧的第一片的Qp,因为在这种情况下,用于所有帧的第一片的Qp将都相同。
虽然本发明仅参照某一特定优选实施例进行描述,但在不超出由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可做出其它的改型和变化。

Claims (2)

1、一种装置,用在一量化及编码输入数据并经一缓冲器传送被编码的数据的视频信号编码装置中,用于响应输入数据及一控制信号生成确定一量化步长的量化参数,其中输入数据包括多个帧,各帧由多个片组成,且控制信号表示缓冲器的充满程度,该装置包括:
响应该控制信号,判定用于一当前帧的各片的当前候选的量化参数的装置;
响应该输入数据,生成一识别在视频信号编码装置正被处理的当前帧的片的片数信号的装置;
存储装置,用于假如该片数信号表示当前帧的第二片正在视频信号编码装置被处理,存储当前候选的量化参数;及
用于假如该片数信号表示当前帧的第一片正被处理,选择先前存储在该存储装置中用于一在先帧的第二片的先前候选的量化参数作为量化参数;及用于假如该片数信号表示除第一片以外的当前帧的一其它片正被处理,选择当前候选的量化参数作为量化参数的装置。
2、一种方法,用在一量化及编码输入数据并经一缓冲器传送被编码的数据的视频信号编码装置中,用于响应输入数据及一控制信号生成确定一量化步长的量化参数,其中输入数据包括多个帧,各帧由多个片组成,且控制信号表示缓冲器的充满程度,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)响应该控制信号判定一用于当前帧的各片的当前候选的量化参数;
(b)生成一识别在视频信号编码装置上被处理的当前帧的片的片数信号;
(c)假如该片数信号表示当前帧的第二片正在视频信号编码装置被处理,存储当前候选的量化参数;及
(d)假如该片数信号表示当前帧的第一片正被处理,选择先前在步骤(c)被存储的用于一在先帧的第二片的先前候选的量化参数作为量化参数;而假如该片数信号表示除第一片以外的当前帧的其它一片正被处理,选择在步骤(a)被判定的当前候选的量化参数作为量化参数。
CN95120435A 1994-12-14 1995-12-14 判定量化参数的方法及装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1101108C (zh)

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KR960028437A (ko) 1996-07-22
CN1101108C (zh) 2003-02-05

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