CN1124046C - 采用自适应扫描技术编码数字视频信号的装置 - Google Patents

采用自适应扫描技术编码数字视频信号的装置 Download PDF

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CN1124046C
CN1124046C CN96103976A CN96103976A CN1124046C CN 1124046 C CN1124046 C CN 1124046C CN 96103976 A CN96103976 A CN 96103976A CN 96103976 A CN96103976 A CN 96103976A CN 1124046 C CN1124046 C CN 1124046C
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丁海默
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Fengye Vision Technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

编码数字视频信号以提供数字编码的视频信号的装置，包括：产生相应于各编码块的一组量化变换系数的源编码器，扫描顺序确定单元，产生表示各视频帧的扫描顺序的扫描顺序信息，响应于扫描顺序信息扫描该组量化的变换系数以产生扫描的量化变换系数的扫描装置，对扫描的量化变换系数进行统计编码以产生统计编码的数据的统计编码装置，以及将统计编码的数据与扫描顺序信息一起进行编码以产生数字编码的视频信号的信道编码装置。

Description

采用自适应扫描技术 编码数字视频信号的装置
发明领域
本发明涉及一种编码数字视频信号的装置，尤其涉及一种采用自适应扫描技术，从而有效地减少传输数据量的数字视频信号编码装置。
背景技术
数字化视频信号的传输能够提供比模拟信号的传输质量高得多的视频图象。当包括一序列图象“帧”的图象信号用数字形式来表示时，便会产生大量用于传输的数据，尤其是在高清晰度电视系统的情形中。但是，由于普通传输信道的可用频率带宽是有限的，为了利用有限的信道带宽传送大量的数字数据，就不可避免地要压缩或减少传输数据量。在各种视频压缩技术中，将时间和空间压缩技术与统计编码技术结合在一起的所谓混合编码技术是已知最有效的。
大多数混合编码技术采用运动补偿DPCM(差分脉冲码调制)、两维DCT(离散余弦变换)、DCT系数的量化以及VCL(可变长度编码)。运动补偿DPCM是这样一种处理，它确定当前帧和先前帧之间目标的运动，并根据该目标的运动流预测当前帧来产生当前帧及其预测之间的差值的差分信号。
减小或消除图象数据、例如运动补偿DPCM数据之间的空间冗余的两维DCT将数字图象数据块、例如8×8象素块变换成一组变换系数数据。变换系数数据被量化以利用“零”的出现率，然后利用例如折线形的固定扫描顺序对变换系数数据进行扫描，由此产生具有多个零值和非零值的图象数据流。此后，用VLC对该数据流进行处理，VLC是众所周知的实现位速率减小的统计编码技术之一，它根据数据的统计出现率将固定长度数据变换为可变长度码字。在VLC技术中，由于较短的可变长度码字被指定给在统计意义上较频繁出现的源数字代码，所以可变长度码字的平均长度变得比源数字代码的平均长度短，由此能够实现数据压缩。
但是，由于上述普通方案中采用的固定扫描顺序是根据图象数据中的变换系数的统计学概率来确定的，没有考虑到变换系数的实际统计情况，所以不能够实现有效的位速率减小。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种根据图象数据中的变换系数的实际统计情况，通过采用自适应扫描顺序能有效地减小位速率的数字视频信号编码器。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于编码数字视频信号以提供数字编码的视频信号的数字视频信号编码器，其中数字视频信号用一系列视频帧来表示，各视频帧被分成多个编码块，该数字视频信号编码器包括：
源编码装置，用于产生相应于各编码块的一组量化的变换系数；
扫描顺序确定装置，用于根据直方图指数的幅度，自适应地确定各视频帧中的每一个编码块的量化转换系数的扫描顺序，从而产生表示所述各视频帧的扫描顺序的扫描顺序信息，每一个直方图指数表示量化转换系数的计数数值，其中，量化转换系数具有非零值，位于所述各视频帧内的各编码块中的相同位置处；
扫描装置，用于以直方图指数幅度递减的次序来响应扫描顺序信息扫描该组量化的变换系数，从而产生扫描的量化变换系数；
统计编码装置，用于对扫描的量化变换系数进行统计编码，从而产生统计编码的数据；以及
信道编码装置，用于将统计编码的数据与扫描顺序信息一起进行编码，从而产生数字编码的视频信号。
附图说明
通过以下结合附图对最佳实施例的描述，本发明的上述及其它目的和特点变得显而易见，附图中：
图1是本发明的包括一扫描顺序确定单元的视频信号编码器的方框图；
图2表示图1所示扫描顺序确定单元的详细方框图。
具体实施方式
参看图1，示有一本发明的用于编码数字视频信号的视频信号编码器的方框图，其中该数字视频信号用一系列视频帧来表示，每一视频帧被分为多个编码块。
如图所示，输入数字视频信号作为当前帧数据被传送给减法器18和运动估算器12。实际上，输入数字视频信号是逐块地从输入存储器(未示出)读出的，其中每一视频信号帧作为象素数据的连续编码块被存储在该输入存储器中，以便逐块地进行处理。输入数字视频信号的块的尺寸通常在8×8和32×32象素的范围内。
运动估算器12利用已知的运动估算方法、例如块匹配技术来确定每一搜索块的运动矢量。在确定了当前帧全部搜索块的运动矢量之后，运动矢量被传送给运动补偿器14和可变长度编码(VLC)的编码器36。
响应于各运动矢量，运动补偿器14从帧存储器16取出一预测信号，即对应该运动矢量的候选块的象素数据，并提供给减法器18和加法器28。在减法器18中从输入数字视频信号中减去来自运动补偿器14的预测信号；得到的结果数据、即误差信号被传送给变换编码器，例如DCT编码器20，其中该误差信号块、例如一8×8象素数据块在该变换编码器中被编码成变换系数数据块。本领域的普通技术人员懂得可以用其它变换技术来代替在此描述的DCT。
在量化器22中，来自DCT编码器20的变换系数被量化成为一组量化的DCT系数，该组量化的DCT系数然后通过线L22被提供给扫描顺序确定单元32、延迟电路30以及逆量化器(IQ)24。量化的DCT系数在IQ24中被变换回到一组重构DCT系数。该组重构DCT系数然后被提供给逆离散余弦变换器(IDCT)26，并在其中被变换成为重构象素数据块。来自运动补偿器14的预测信号和来自IDCT26的重构象素数据块在加法器28中被求和，以提供待被写入到帧存储器16上的当前帧的重构块信号。帧存储器16具有用于存储当前和先前帧数据的两个帧存储单元。加法器28的输出信号包括象素数据块。当所有表示当前帧的块被存储在帧存储器16中时，加法器28就提供新的帧数据。在这时，该新的数据被称为当前帧，而以前存储在帧存储器16中的当前帧数据被称为先前帧。
与此同时，量化器22的量化的DCT系数被传送给扫描顺序确定单元32。该扫描顺序确定单元根据位于被包括在视频帧内的各编码块中的相同象素位置处的非零值的多个量化DCT系数，自适应地确定每一视频帧的扫描顺序，并产生表示每一视频帧的扫描顺序的扫描顺序信息，通过线L32给扫描装置34和信道编码器38(扫描顺序确定单元32的细节将在此后参看图2来描述)。线L22上的量化的DCT系数还被传送给延迟电路30，它将量化的DCT系数延迟一个帧周期。扫描器34响应于来自扫描顺序确定单元32的扫描顺序信息，对来自量化器22通过延迟电路30提供的量化的DCT系数进行扫描，从而产生扫描的量化DCT系数。VLC编码器36将该扫描的数据变换成一组可变长度编码的数据。VLC编码器36基本上是一查寻表，就是说，在VLC编码器36中，被提供有多个码组来确定各组零行程长度和量化的DCT系数的电平与其可变长度码之间的各自关系，其中电平是非零值的量化的DCT系数，零行程长度指在扫描序列中在该电平之前的连续零的总数。应当指出，可以用其它统计编码技术来代替在此描述的VLC。来自运动估算器12的运动矢量也被VLC编码器36进行编码。来自VLC编码器36的编码的数据被提供给信道编码器38。信道编码器38将VLC编码的数据与扫描顺序信息一起进行编码，从而产生数字编码的视频信号。
现在参看图2，例示出图1所示的扫描顺序确定单元32的详细方框图。来自图1所示的量化器22的量化的DCT系数被顺序地提供给与地址发生器102连接的页存储器104，地址发生器102用于产生一组位置地址以及每一位置地址的一组块地址。位置地址表示编码块中的象素位置，每一位置地址的该组块地址顺序地表示视频帧中的多个编码块。页存储器104具有多个存储区，每一存储区存储多个编码块中的每一编码块的一组量化的DCT系数，并响应每一位置地址和各位置地址的一组块地址顺序地产生多个数据组给计数电路106，每一数据组包括位于每一编码块内的相同位置处的量化的DCT系数。计数电路106对每一数据组中的多个非零值的量化的DCT系数进行计数并将每一数据组的直方图指数提供给存储器108，该直方图指数表示每一数据组的计数数值。存储器108顺序地存储数据组的直方图指数，以便提供包括多个直方图指数的直方图信息和表示相应于各直方图指数的象素位置的位置数据给分类电路110。分类电路110按照递减次序对被包括在直方图信息中的直方图指数进行分类，并产生相应于被分类直方图指数的一组位置数据作为扫描顺序信息到线L32上。
由以上描述可见，本发明的装置根据图象数据中的变换系数的实际统计情况，采用自适应扫描顺序编码数字视频信号，从而实现了有效的位速率减小。
虽然相对于特定实施例对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离由权利要求所限定的本发明的精神范围的前提下可以进行各种变更和改进对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。

Claims (4)

1、一种用于编码数字视频信号以提供数字编码的视频信号的数字视频信号编码器，其中数字视频信号用一系列视频帧来表示，各视频帧被分成多个编码块，该数字视频信号编码器包括：
源编码装置，用于产生相应于各编码块的一组量化的变换系数；
扫描顺序确定装置，用于根据直方图指数的幅度，自适应地确定各视频帧中的每一个编码块的量化转换系数的扫描顺序，从而产生表示所述各视频帧的扫描顺序的扫描顺序信息，每一个直方图指数表示量化转换系数的计数数值，其中，量化转换系数具有非零值，位于所述各视频帧内的各编码块中的相同位置处；
扫描装置，用于以直方图指数幅度递减的次序来响应扫描顺序信息扫描该组量化的变换系数，从而产生扫描的量化变换系数；
统计编码装置，用于对扫描的量化变换系数进行统计编码，从而产生统计编码的数据；以及
信道编码装置，用于将统计编码的数据与扫描顺序信息一起进行编码，从而产生数字编码的视频信号。
2、如权利要求1所述的数字视频信号编码器，其中的扫描顺序确定装置包括：
地址发生装置，用于产生表示编码块中的象素位置的一组位置地址，以及产生顺序地指示各视频帧中的多个编码块的一组块地址；
具有多个存储区的第一存储装置，用于在其各存储区中存储所述多个编码块中的各编码块的一组量化的变换系数，并响应于所述各位置地址和所述各位置地址的一组块地址，顺序地产生多个数据组，各数据组包括位于所述各编码块内的相同位置处的量化的变换系数；
用于对各数据组中多个非零值的量化的变换系数进行计数并提供所述各数据组的直方图指数的装置，该直方图指数表示所述各数据组的计数数值；
第二存储装置，用于顺序地存储数据组的直方图指数，从而提供包括多个直方图指数的直方图信息和表示相应于各直方图指数的象素位置的位置数据；以及
用于按照幅度递减次序对包括在直方图信息中的直方图指数进行分类并产生相应于被分类的直方图指数的一组位置数据作为扫描顺序信息的装置。
3、如权利要求2所述的数字视频信号编码器，其中的统计编码装置包括一可变长度编码器，其用于对量化的变换系数进行可变长度编码，从而产生统计编码的数据。
4、如权利要求2所述的数字视频信号编码器，其中所述的源编码装置包括：
用于产生相应于各编码块的一组变换系数的装置；以及
用于将所述一组变换系数量化成一组量化的变换系数的装置。
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