CN113878217A - Electron beam welding method and electron beam welding device for aviation parts - Google Patents
Electron beam welding method and electron beam welding device for aviation parts Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0013—Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/04—Electron-beam welding or cutting for welding annular seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
Abstract
The invention discloses an electron beam welding method of an aviation part, which comprises the steps of measuring the part in advance, obtaining the measured diameter of a to-be-welded circular welding line of the part, fixing the part on a workbench of an electron beam welding device, extracting vacuum through a vacuumizing device, moving the workbench after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, enabling a small beam current emitted by an electron gun to be aligned with the to-be-welded circular welding line, rapidly moving the workbench according to the measured diameter, and rapidly finding the circle center of the to-be-welded circular welding line through four-point alignment, so that the electron beam current emitted by the electron gun can be accurately impacted on the to-be-welded circular welding line, the welding quality of an electron beam is improved, and the welding defects of non-fusion and non-penetration of the part are avoided. The invention also discloses an electron beam welding device adopting the electron beam welding method of the aviation part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to an electron beam welding method for an aviation part. In addition, the invention also relates to an electron beam welding device comprising the electron beam welding method of the aviation parts.
Background
Welding is one of key technologies in the field of mechanical manufacturing, and is widely applied to the fields of nuclear power, petrochemical industry, automobiles, aerospace and the like. The electron beam welding in the welding technique is high-energy beam welding, and the maximum power density can reach 107-109W/cm2Moreover, the electron beam welding also has the characteristics of less oxidation, small deformation, high quality and the like, so the electron beam welding is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like.
Because the energy of the electron beam welding is very concentrated and the diameter of the electron beam facula is very small, the electron beam welding seam is very narrow, the requirement of the electron beam welding on the assembling clearance before welding is extremely high, the assembling clearance before welding is generally very small, and because the electron beam needs to be accurately struck at the central position of the welding seam to be welded during welding, otherwise the quality of the welding seam is greatly influenced, the requirement of the welding seam alignment in the welding process is very high.
However, when an existing aviation part containing a plurality of circular welding lines on a plane is welded by an electron beam, the circle center of a circular welding line track and the circle center of the outer contour of the part are usually not on the same axis, so that the alignment process is complicated, the operation difficulty is high, the processing efficiency is low during electron beam welding, once the welding lines are not aligned, the quality of the electron beam welding is reduced, and the part has welding defects such as non-fusion, non-through-welding and the like, and even is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electron beam welding method and an electron beam welding device for aviation parts, and aims to solve the technical problems of complex alignment, high operation difficulty and low machining efficiency of the existing parts during electron beam welding.
According to one aspect of the invention, an electron beam welding method for aviation parts is provided, the circle center of a circular welding seam track and the circle center of an outer contour of the part are on different axes, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) by measuring the circular weld to be welded on the part,obtaining the measurement diameter of a to-be-welded circular weld of a part; (2) fixing the part on a workbench of electron beam welding equipment and extracting vacuum to enable the working cavity of the electron beam welding equipment to reach a preset vacuum degree; (3) moving the workbench along the X axis and the Y axis to enable the small beam flow emitted by the electron gun to be aligned to the tangent point a of the circular weld joint to be welded; (4) the tangent point a is a point of the Y axis or the tangent of the parallel line of the Y axis and the circular welding seam to be welded, the workbench is moved along the X axis by taking the tangent point a as the origin according to the measured diameter, the beamlet is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular welding seam to be welded, the X axis coordinate value X1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the X axis
Moving the worktable along the Y axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, moving the worktable along the Y axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, acquiring the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point d, and moving the worktable along the Y axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; or the tangent point a is a point of tangency of a parallel line of an X axis or the X axis and the circular welding seam to be welded, the workbench is moved along the Y axis by taking the tangent point a as an original point according to the measured diameter, the small beam flow is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular welding seam to be welded, the Y axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the Y axis
Moving the worktable along the X axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld seam to be welded, moving the worktable along the X axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld seam to be welded, obtaining the X-axis coordinate value X1 of the tangent point d, moving the worktable along the X axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; (5) setting welding parameters and a welding program according to the radius and the circle center e of a circular welding seam to be welded, starting the welding program, and generating electricity by an electron gunAnd (4) performing beamlet welding on the part.
Further, after the step of aligning the small beam current emitted by the electron gun to the tangent point a of the circular weld to be welded, the step of observing the light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part by a camera and moving the workbench by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot along the direction of the light spot close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded so as to align the light spot to the central position of the circular weld to be welded; and/or after the step of aligning the small beam current to the tangent point b of the circular weld joint to be welded, the method also comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld joint to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld joint to be welded by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld joint to be welded; after the small beam current is aligned to a tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, the method also comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench by using a fine adjustment hand wheel along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld to be welded; after the small beam current is aligned to a tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, the method further comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld to be welded.
Furthermore, the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is 0.01mm-0.001 mm.
Further, the welding parameters include: acceleration voltage U is 140 ± 14KV, focusing current: 2.215 +/-0.221A, 10 +/-1 mA of welding current I and 500 +/-50 mm/min of welding speed F.
Furthermore, the working current of the small beam current is 0.01mA-0.03 mA.
Further, the value range of the preset vacuum degree is 1.0 multiplied by 10-4pa-1.0×10-6pa。
Further, before the step (1), the following steps are also included; firstly, removing an oxide layer at a to-be-welded circular weld of a part, and then wiping the to-be-welded circular weld of the part clean.
Further, the size range of the assembly clearance of the parts is 0.02mm-0.10 mm.
Further, the diameter of the circular weld to be welded of the part ranges from 2mm to 1000 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides an electron beam welding device, and the electron beam welding method of the aviation part is adopted.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the electron beam welding method of the aviation part, the measuring diameter of the to-be-welded circular weld of the part is obtained by measuring the to-be-welded circular weld on the part, then the part is fixed on a workbench of electron beam welding equipment, vacuum is extracted through a vacuumizing device, so that a working cavity of the electron beam welding equipment reaches a preset vacuum degree, and an electron gun is ensured to generate small beams and electron beams; moving a workbench along an X axis and a Y axis according to an XY axis coordinate system of a numerical control system to enable relative motion to occur between small beam current and a part, enabling the small beam current emitted by an electron gun to be aligned to a tangent point a of a circular welding line to be welded through the moving workbench, enabling the small beam current to be aligned to a tangent point b of the circular welding line to be welded through the workbench, rapidly moving the workbench along the X axis according to a measured diameter by taking the tangent point a as an original point, enabling the small beam current to be aligned to a tangent point b of the circular welding line to be welded, enabling a line segment passing through the tangent point and perpendicular to the tangent line to pass through a circle center, and enabling the middle point of the line segment passing through the circle center to be the circle center of the circular welding line to be welded; further, the coordinate value X1 of the tangent point b is obtained and moved along the X axis
Moving the worktable along the Y axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, moving the worktable along the Y axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, further obtaining the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 of the boundary point d, moving the worktable along the Y axis
A worktable for obtaining the radius and the center e of a circular weld to be weldedThe radius of the fillet weld is (x1+ y 1)/4; (ii) a Correspondingly, when the tangent point a is a point where the X axis or the parallel line of the X axis is tangent to the circular weld to be welded, the workbench is moved along the Y axis, and then the workbench is moved along the X axis, so that the radius and the circle center e of the circular weld to be welded are rapidly obtained. And then welding parameters are set according to the track of the circular welding seam to be welded, and the electron gun starts electron beam flow according to the welding parameters to complete the welding of the part. According to the scheme, in the process of electron beam welding, the radius and the circle center e of the circular welding line to be welded are quickly found through four tangent points and the measured diameter of the circular welding line to be welded, small beams emitted by an electron gun are enabled to be aligned to the circular welding line to be welded, electron beams emitted by the electron gun can be accurately struck on the circular welding line to be welded, the welding quality of the electron beam is improved, the welding defects that parts are not fused and not welded completely are avoided, and the four-point alignment method is based on the property of the circle, so that the working principle is easy to understand, the alignment process is simple, the operation difficulty is low, the processing efficiency of electron beam welding of the parts is greatly improved, and the processing period of the parts is shortened.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an aerospace part to be welded in a method of electron beam welding of aerospace parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a method for electron beam welding of aerospace parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an aerospace part to be welded in a method of electron beam welding of aerospace parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of a method for electron beam welding of aerospace parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the electron beam welding method for an aviation part according to the embodiment, the circle center of the circular weld track and the circle center of the outer contour of the part are on different axes, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining the measuring diameter of a to-be-welded circular weld of a part by measuring the to-be-welded circular weld on the part; (2) fixing the part on a workbench of electron beam welding equipment and extracting vacuum to enable the working cavity of the electron beam welding equipment to reach a preset vacuum degree; (3) moving the workbench along the X axis and the Y axis to enable the small beam flow emitted by the electron gun to be aligned to the tangent point a of the circular weld joint to be welded; (4) the tangent point a is a point of the Y axis or the tangent of the parallel line of the Y axis and the circular welding seam to be welded, the workbench is moved along the X axis by taking the tangent point a as the origin according to the measured diameter, the beamlet is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular welding seam to be welded, the X axis coordinate value X1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the X axis
Moving the worktable along the Y axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, moving the worktable along the Y axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, acquiring the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point d, and moving the worktable along the Y axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; or the tangent point a is a point of tangency of a parallel line of an X axis or the X axis and the circular welding seam to be welded, the workbench is moved along the Y axis by taking the tangent point a as an original point according to the measured diameter, the small beam flow is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular welding seam to be welded, the Y axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the Y axis
Moving the worktable along the X axis to align the small beam flow with the tangent point c of the circular weld seam to be welded, and moving the worktable along the X axis with the tangent point c as the origin to align the small beam flow with the tangent point d of the circular weld seam to be weldedAnd obtaining the coordinate value X1 of the tangent point d along the X axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; (5) and setting welding parameters and a welding program according to the radius and the circle center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, starting the welding program, and enabling the electron gun to emit electron beam flow to weld the part. Specifically, the electron beam welding method for the aviation part obtains the measured diameter of the to-be-welded circular weld of the part by measuring the to-be-welded circular weld on the part, then fixes the part on a workbench of electron beam welding equipment, and extracts vacuum through a vacuumizing device, so that a working cavity of the electron beam welding equipment reaches a preset vacuum degree, and an electron gun is ensured to generate small beams and electron beams; moving a workbench along an X axis and a Y axis according to an XY axis coordinate system of a numerical control system to enable relative motion to occur between small beam current and a part, enabling the small beam current emitted by an electron gun to be aligned to a tangent point a of a circular welding line to be welded through the moving workbench, enabling the small beam current to be aligned to a tangent point b of the circular welding line to be welded through the workbench, rapidly moving the workbench along the X axis according to a measured diameter by taking the tangent point a as an original point, enabling the small beam current to be aligned to a tangent point b of the circular welding line to be welded, enabling a line segment passing through the tangent point and perpendicular to the tangent line to pass through a circle center, and enabling the middle point of the line segment passing through the circle center to be the circle center of the circular welding line to be welded; further, the coordinate value X1 of the tangent point b is obtained and moved along the X axis
Moving the worktable along the Y axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, moving the worktable along the Y axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, further obtaining the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 of the boundary point d, moving the worktable along the Y axis
The workbench is used for obtaining the radius and the circle center e of the circular welding seam to be welded, and the radius of the circular welding seam to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; (ii) a Correspondingly, when the tangent point a is an X axis or a parallel line of the X axis is tangent to the circular weld to be weldedWhen the welding line is in point, the workbench is moved along the Y axis, and then the workbench is moved along the X axis, so that the radius and the circle center e of the circular welding line to be welded are rapidly obtained. And then welding parameters are set according to the track of the circular welding seam to be welded, and the electron gun starts electron beam flow according to the welding parameters to complete the welding of the part. According to the scheme, in the process of electron beam welding, the radius and the circle center e of the circular welding line to be welded are quickly found through four tangent points and the measured diameter of the circular welding line to be welded, small beams emitted by an electron gun are enabled to be aligned to the circular welding line to be welded, electron beams emitted by the electron gun can be accurately struck on the circular welding line to be welded, the welding quality of the electron beam is improved, the welding defects that parts are not fused and not welded completely are avoided, and the four-point alignment method is based on the property of the circle, so that the working principle is easy to understand, the alignment process is simple, the operation difficulty is low, the processing efficiency of electron beam welding of the parts is greatly improved, and the processing period of the parts is shortened. It should be understood that the X-axis and Y-axis are coordinate systems that are self-contained by the numerical control system.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, after the step of aligning the small beam current emitted by the electron gun with the tangent point a of the circular weld to be welded, the step of observing, by a camera, the light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part, and moving the worktable by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot in a direction in which the light spot approaches the center position of the circular weld to be welded, so as to align the light spot with the center position of the circular weld to be welded. Specifically, the light spot irradiated on the part by the small beam current is finely adjusted through the fine adjustment hand wheel, so that the small beam current is accurately shot at the central position of the circular welding line to be welded, the accuracy of the obtained track of the circular welding line to be welded is further improved, the welding quality of the electron beam is further improved, and when the area of the light spot is the smallest, the light spot is aligned to the central position of the circular welding line to be welded.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, after the step of aligning the small beam current with the tangent point b of the circular weld to be welded, the method further includes the steps of observing, by a camera, a light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part, and moving, by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot, the workbench in a direction in which the light spot approaches to the center position of the circular weld to be welded, so that the light spot is aligned with the center position of the circular weld to be welded. Specifically, the light spot irradiated on the part by the small beam current is finely adjusted through the fine adjustment hand wheel, so that the small beam current is accurately shot at the central position of the circular welding line to be welded, the accuracy of the obtained track of the circular welding line to be welded is further improved, the welding quality of the electron beam is further improved, and when the area of the light spot is the smallest, the light spot is aligned to the central position of the circular welding line to be welded.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, after the step of aligning the small beam current with the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, the method further includes the steps of observing, by a camera, a light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part, and moving, by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot, the workbench in a direction in which the light spot approaches to the center position of the circular weld to be welded, so that the light spot is aligned with the center position of the circular weld to be welded. Specifically, the light spot irradiated on the part by the small beam current is finely adjusted through the fine adjustment hand wheel, so that the small beam current is accurately shot at the central position of the circular welding line to be welded, the accuracy of the obtained track of the circular welding line to be welded is further improved, the welding quality of the electron beam is further improved, and when the area of the light spot is the smallest, the light spot is aligned to the central position of the circular welding line to be welded.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, after the step of aligning the small beam current with the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, the method further includes the steps of observing, by a camera, a light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part, and moving, by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot, the workbench in a direction in which the light spot approaches to the center position of the circular weld to be welded, so that the light spot is aligned with the center position of the circular weld to be welded. Specifically, the light spot irradiated on the part by the small beam current is finely adjusted through the fine adjustment hand wheel, so that the small beam current is accurately shot at the central position of the circular welding line to be welded, the accuracy of the obtained track of the circular welding line to be welded is further improved, the welding quality of the electron beam is further improved, and when the area of the light spot is the smallest, the light spot is aligned to the central position of the circular welding line to be welded.
In the embodiment, the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is 0.01mm-0.001 mm. It should be understood that when the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is between 0.01mm and 0.001mm, the fine adjustment hand wheel can be accurately aligned to the center of a welding seam, which is necessary for ensuring the quality of electron beam welding, and meanwhile, the fine adjustment hand wheel has high adjustment speed and high part processing efficiency; when the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is larger than 0.01mm, the minimum moving distance of the workbench is too large, the light spot of the small beam cannot be effectively adjusted, and the precision of the track of the circular welding line to be welded cannot be ensured; when the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is smaller than 0.001mm, the minimum moving distance of the workbench is too small, the fine adjustment of the light spot of the small beam current cannot be completed quickly, the operation difficulty is high, and the part machining efficiency is low.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the welding parameters include: acceleration voltage U is 140 ± 14KV, focusing current: 2.215 +/-0.221A, 10 +/-1 mA of welding current I and 500 +/-50 mm/min of welding speed F. It should be understood that when the welding speed F is between 450mm/min and 550mm/min, the welding speed of the electron gun is proper, and the welding quality is ensured; when the welding speed F is less than 450mm/min, the welding time of the electron beam on the same track point is prolonged, so that the electron beam can weld through parts, the welding quality is reduced, the welding time is prolonged, and the working efficiency is reduced; when the welding speed F is more than 550mm/min, the welding time of the electron beam on the same track point is shortened, so that the electron beam does not penetrate through the part, and the welding quality is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the operating current of the small beam is 0.01mA-0.03 mA. It should be understood that when the working current of the small beam current is between 0.01mA and 0.03mA, the brightness of the small beam current is proper, so that whether the small beam current is aligned to a boundary point or not can be observed conveniently, and in the alignment process of the small beam current, the surface of a part cannot be damaged, and the quality of the part is ensured; when the working current of the small beam current is greater than 0.01mA, the small beam current damages the surface of the part, so that the part is scrapped; when the working current of the small beam is less than 0.03mA, the small beam has low brightness and high observation difficulty, the accuracy of the track of the circular welding line to be welded cannot be ensured, and the welding quality of the electron beam is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the value range of the preset vacuum degree is 1.0 × 10-4pa-1.0×10-6pa. It should be understood that when the preset vacuum level is at 1.0 × 10-4pa-1.0×10-6When pa, the electron gun can work normally to complete the welding of the parts, and the speed of vacuum extraction is properThe machining efficiency of parts is high; when the preset vacuum degree is less than 1.0 multiplied by 10-4pa, the electron gun cannot emit electron beams, so that parts cannot be welded; when the preset vacuum degree is more than 1.0 multiplied by 10-6pa, the vacuum pumping equipment needs a lot of time to pump vacuum, and the part processing efficiency is low.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, before step (1), the following steps are further included; firstly, removing an oxide layer at a to-be-welded circular weld of a part, and then wiping the to-be-welded circular weld of the part clean. Specifically, firstly, an oxide layer at the to-be-welded circular weld of the part is taken out by using sand paper, and then the to-be-welded circular weld of the part is wiped clean by dipping alcohol or propanol on clean white silk cloth.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the fitting clearance of the parts ranges from 0.02mm to 0.10 mm. It should be understood that the quality of electron beam welding is high when the size of the fitting clearance of the parts is between 0.02mm and 0.10 mm; because the welding seam formed by electron beam welding is narrow, when the assembly clearance of parts is more than 0.10mm, the welding quality of the electron beam is difficult to ensure; when the assembly clearance of the parts is less than 0.02mm, the assembly requirement on the parts is too high.
As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the diameter of the circular weld to be welded of the part ranges from 2mm to 1000 mm. Specifically, when the diameter of the circular welding line to be welded is between 2mm and 1000mm, the electron beam welding equipment can accommodate the part, and the welding speed of the part is proper; when the diameter of the circular weld to be welded is less than 2mm, the moving speed of the electron beam is too high, and the welding quality of the electron beam is low; when the diameter of the circular weld to be welded is larger than 1000mm, the electron beam welding equipment cannot accommodate parts and cannot weld the parts.
The electron beam welding device of the embodiment adopts the electron beam welding method of the aviation parts. The electron beam welding equipment comprises a working chamber, a workbench arranged in the working chamber, an electron gun arranged in the working chamber, a control system connected with the electron gun and a mechanical pump respectively connected with the workbench and the control system. Specifically, a part is installed on a workbench, a control system establishes an XY axis coordinate system on the surface of the part, the control system controls an electron gun to emit a small beam to irradiate on the part, a mechanical pump drives the workbench to move, so that the small beam is aligned to the circle center of a circular weld to be welded of the part, the control system obtains the track of the circular weld to be welded of the part, welding parameters of the electron gun are set according to the track of the circular weld to be welded, the control system controls the mechanical pump to move according to the track of the circular weld to be welded, further the motion of the workbench is controlled, and then the electron gun emits an electron beam to weld the part.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electron beam welding method for aviation parts, the circle center of a circular welding seam track and the circle center of an outer contour of the parts are on different axes, and the electron beam welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of obtaining the measuring diameter of a to-be-welded circular weld of a part by measuring the to-be-welded circular weld on the part;
(2) fixing the part on a workbench of electron beam welding equipment and extracting vacuum to enable the working cavity of the electron beam welding equipment to reach a preset vacuum degree;
(3) moving the workbench along the X axis and the Y axis to enable the small beam flow emitted by the electron gun to be aligned to the tangent point a of the circular weld joint to be welded;
(4) the tangent point a is a point of the Y axis or the tangent of the parallel line of the Y axis and the circular welding line to be welded, the workbench is moved along the X axis by taking the tangent point a as the origin according to the measured diameter, so that the beamlet is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular welding line to be welded, the X axis coordinate value X1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the X axis
Then moving the worktable along the Y axis to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point c of the circular weld seam to be welded, moving the worktable along the Y axis with the tangent point c as the origin to make the small beam flow align to the tangent point d of the circular weld seam to be welded,and obtaining the Y-axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point d, moving along the Y-axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4; or
The tangent point a is a point tangent to the X axis or the parallel line of the X axis and the circular weld to be welded, the workbench is moved along the Y axis by taking the tangent point a as the origin according to the measured diameter to ensure that the beamlet is aligned to the tangent point b of the circular weld to be welded, the Y axis coordinate value Y1 of the tangent point b is obtained, and the workbench is moved along the Y axis
Moving the worktable along the X axis to align the beamlet with the tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, moving the worktable along the X axis with the tangent point c as the origin to align the beamlet with the tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, obtaining the X-axis coordinate value X1 of the tangent point d, and moving the worktable along the X axis
To obtain the radius and the center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, wherein the radius of the circular weld joint to be welded is (x1+ y 1)/4;
(5) and setting welding parameters and a welding program according to the radius and the circle center e of the circular weld joint to be welded, starting the welding program, and enabling the electron gun to emit electron beam flow to weld the part.
2. The electron beam welding method of the aviation part as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the step of aligning the small beam current emitted by the electron gun with the tangent point a of the circular weld to be welded, the method further comprises the steps of observing the light spot of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part by a camera, and moving the worktable in the direction that the light spot approaches the central position of the circular weld to be welded by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spot so as to align the light spot with the central position of the circular weld to be welded; and/or
After the small beam current is aligned to a tangent point b of the circular weld to be welded, the method also comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench by using a fine adjustment hand wheel along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld to be welded;
after the small beam current is aligned to a tangent point c of the circular weld to be welded, the method also comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench by using a fine adjustment hand wheel along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld to be welded;
after the small beam current is aligned to a tangent point d of the circular weld to be welded, the method further comprises the following steps of observing light spots of the small beam current on the circular weld to be welded of the part through a camera, and moving a workbench along the direction of the light spots close to the central position of the circular weld to be welded by using a fine adjustment hand wheel according to the size of the light spots so as to align the light spots to the central position of the circular weld to be welded.
3. An electron beam welding method for aerospace parts according to claim 2, wherein the fine adjustment precision of the fine adjustment hand wheel is 0.01mm to 0.001 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the welding parameters include acceleration voltage U-140 ± 14KV, focusing current: 2.215 +/-0.221A, 10 +/-1 mA of welding current I and 500 +/-50 mm/min of welding speed F.
5. An electron beam welding process for aerospace parts according to claim 1 wherein the small beam current is operated at a current of 0.01 to 0.03 mA.
6. An electron beam welding process for aeronautical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of the predetermined vacuum ranges from 1.0 x 10-4pa-1.0×10-6pa。
7. The electron beam welding method for aerospace parts according to claim 1, wherein prior to step (1), further comprising the steps of; firstly, removing an oxide layer at a to-be-welded circular weld of a part, and then wiping the to-be-welded circular weld of the part clean.
8. A method of electron beam welding of aerospace parts according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fit-up clearance of the parts is in the range 0.02mm to 0.10 mm.
9. A method of electron beam welding of aerospace parts according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the circular welds of the parts to be welded are of a diameter in the range 2mm to 1000 mm.
10. An electron beam welding apparatus, characterised in that an electron beam welding method of an aerospace component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.
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Application publication date: 20220104 |