CN110773858A - Electron beam welding device and welding method - Google Patents
Electron beam welding device and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110773858A CN110773858A CN201911142970.4A CN201911142970A CN110773858A CN 110773858 A CN110773858 A CN 110773858A CN 201911142970 A CN201911142970 A CN 201911142970A CN 110773858 A CN110773858 A CN 110773858A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an electron beam welding device and a welding method, which comprises an electron beam welding device main body, the main body of the electron beam welding device comprises a beam generating stage chamber, a beam adjusting and focusing stage chamber and a vacuum working chamber, a high-voltage power supply is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the beam generation stage cavity, astigmatism correction is arranged on the upper side inside the correction cavity, the focusing coil is arranged in the correcting cavity and at the lower side of the astigmatism correction, the deflection coil is arranged in the correcting cavity and at the lower side of the focusing coil, the electron beams can be controlled quickly and accurately through the electric field and the magnetic field, the welding method can weld a sealing element of which the inside needs to keep vacuum degree, weld a weldment close to the thermosensitive element, weld parts with complex and precise shapes, and weld the weldment with two or more layers of joints at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an electron beam welding device and a welding method.
Background
The electron beam welding has the advantages of no need of welding rods, difficult oxidation, good process repeatability and small thermal deformation, and is widely applied to various industries such as aerospace, atomic energy, national defense, military industry, automobiles, electrical and electronic instruments and the like. The basic principle of electron beam welding is that the cathode in the electron gun emits electrons due to direct or indirect heating, the electrons are accelerated by a high-voltage electrostatic field and focused by an electromagnetic field to form an electron beam with extremely high energy density, the electron beam is used for bombarding a workpiece, and huge kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to melt the workpiece at the welding position to form a molten pool, so that the workpiece is welded.
The existing electron beam welding device has high manufacturing cost, low working efficiency and low welding precision, so the electron beam welding device and the welding method need to be developed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to an electron beam welding apparatus and a welding method, which solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an electron beam welding device and a welding method comprise an electron beam welding device main body, wherein the electron beam welding device main body comprises a beam generation level cavity, a beam adjustment focusing level cavity and a vacuum working chamber, a high-voltage power supply is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the beam generation level cavity, a control electrode is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply, a cathode is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply and positioned in the control electrode, an anode is arranged in the middle of the lower side of the beam generation level cavity, adjusting coils are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the inner part of the beam adjustment focusing level cavity, a valve is arranged in the middle of the left side of the beam adjustment focusing level cavity, an optical observation channel is arranged on the lower left side of the beam adjustment focusing level cavity, a reflecting lens is arranged on the lower side of the beam adjustment focusing level cavity, and correction cavities, and a vacuum pumping port of the vacuum working chamber is formed in the middle of the right side of the vacuum working chamber.
Preferably, the inside upside in correction chamber is provided with the astigmatism and corrects, the inside in correction chamber is provided with focusing coil and is located the downside that the astigmatism was rectified, the inside in correction chamber is provided with deflection coil and is located focusing coil's downside, the upper right side in beam current generation level cavity is provided with beam current generation level cavity evacuation mouth, the inside of vacuum chamber is provided with the workstation, welding workpiece has been placed to the upside of workstation.
Preferably, the beam adjusting and focusing stage cavity is arranged between the beam generating stage cavity and the vacuum working chamber, and the beam generating stage cavity, the beam adjusting and focusing stage cavity and the vacuum working chamber are arranged in a penetrating manner in the middle.
Preferably, the upper side of the beam generation stage chamber is connected with an electron gun through a high-voltage power supply.
Preferably, a movable slide rail is arranged on the lower side of the workbench.
Preferably, the accelerating voltage range of the high-voltage power supply is 30-150 KV.
The welding method of the electron beam welding device comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a welding workpiece for pre-welding preheating and post-welding heat treatment, fixedly clamping the welding workpiece through a workbench, vacuumizing a vacuum working chamber through a vacuumizing port of the vacuum working chamber, and vacuumizing a beam adjusting and focusing stage chamber through a beam generating stage chamber vacuumizing port;
s2: the electric motor gun is connected through a high-voltage power supply, the cathode and the anode of the electric motor are controlled to generate electron beams, the penetration can be increased by increasing the accelerating voltage in the electron beam welding, under the condition of keeping other parameters unchanged, the depth-to-width ratio of the cross section of a welding seam is in direct proportion to the accelerating voltage, the accelerating voltage is unchanged, the electron beam current is increased, and the penetration are increased;
s3: the angle of the electron beam is corrected through the reflecting lens, the focusing state of the electron beam is corrected through astigmatism correction, the focusing coil and the deflection coil, the focus is located on the surface of a welding workpiece, the electron gun starts to weld the workpiece, and workpiece welding is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the electron beam welding device has the advantages that the power density is high through the device: the electron beam belongs to high-energy beam, and the common acceleration voltage range during electron beam welding is 30-150kV, the electrified beam current is 20-000mA, the diameter of the electron beam focus is about 0.1-1mm, and the power density can reach 106w/cm
2Above, the accurate and fast controllable electrons are used as basic particles of the substance, the basic particles have extremely small mass (9.1 multiplied by 10-31kg) and certain negative charge (1.6 multiplied by 10-19C), the charge-to-mass ratio of the electrons is as high as 1.76 multiplied by 1011C/kg, and the electron beams can be fast and accurately controlled through an electric field and a magnetic field; compared with the laser of high-energy beam, the latter can only be controlled by lens and reflector, and its speed is slow, the invented electron beam welding equipment can weld the sealing element whose interior must be kept in vacuum degree, and weld the welding piece close to thermosensitive element, and can weld the complex and precise parts, and can weld the welding piece with two-layer or multi-layer joint, and between the layers of said joint several tens of mm space intervals can be formed, so that its application range is wide, production cost is low, working efficiency is high and welding accuracy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an internal structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a main body of an electron beam welding device, a 2-beam generation stage chamber, a 3-beam adjustment focusing stage chamber, a 4-vacuum working chamber, a 5-high-voltage power supply, a 6-control electrode, a 7-cathode, an 8-anode, a 9-adjustment coil, a 10-valve, an 11-optical observation channel, a 12-reflecting lens, a 13-correction cavity, a 14-astigmatism correction, a 15-focusing coil, a 16-deflection coil, a 17-beam generation stage chamber vacuumizing port, an 18-workbench, a 19-welding workpiece and a 20-vacuum working chamber vacuumizing port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution:
an electron beam welding device comprises an electron beam welding device body 1, wherein the electron beam welding device body 1 comprises a beam generation level chamber 2, a beam adjustment focusing level chamber 3 and a vacuum working chamber 4, a high-voltage power supply 5 is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the beam generation level chamber 2, a control electrode 6 is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply 5, a cathode 7 is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply 5 and inside the control electrode 6, an anode 8 is arranged in the middle of the lower side of the beam generation level chamber 2, adjusting coils 9 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side inside the beam adjustment focusing level chamber 3, a valve 10 is arranged in the middle of the left side of the beam adjustment focusing level chamber 3, an optical observation channel 11 is arranged on the lower left side of the beam adjustment focusing level chamber 3, a reflecting lens 12 is arranged on the lower side of the inside of the beam adjustment focusing level chamber 3, the inside upside of correction chamber 13 is provided with astigmatism and rectifies 14, the inside of correction chamber 13 is and be located astigmatism and rectify 14 the downside and be provided with focusing coil 15, the inside of correction chamber 13 is and be located focusing coil 15's downside and be provided with deflection coil 16, the upper right side of beam generation level cavity 2 is provided with beam generation level cavity evacuation mouth 17, the inside of vacuum studio 4 is provided with workstation 18, welding workpiece 19 has been placed to the upside of workstation 18, vacuum studio evacuation mouth 20 has been seted up to the right side centre department of vacuum studio 4.
Example (b): when in use, the preparation is carried out on the pre-welding preheating and post-welding heat treatment of a welding workpiece 19, the welding workpiece 19 is fixedly clamped by a workbench 18, the vacuum working chamber 4 is vacuumized by a vacuum working chamber vacuumizing port 20, a beam current adjusting and focusing stage chamber is vacuumized by a beam current generating stage chamber vacuumizing port 17, a motor gun is connected by a high-voltage power supply 5, an electron beam is generated by controlling a cathode 7 and an anode 8 of a motor 6, the penetration can be increased by increasing the acceleration voltage in the electron beam welding, the cross section depth-to-width ratio of a welding seam is in direct proportion to the acceleration voltage under the condition of keeping other parameters unchanged, the acceleration voltage is always unchanged, the electron beam current is increased, the penetration and the penetration are both increased, the angle of the electron beam is corrected by a reflecting lens 12, and the electron beam is corrected by astigmatism correction 14, a focusing coil 15 and deflectionThe coil 16 corrects the focusing state of the electron beam, so that the focus is positioned on the surface of the welding workpiece 19, the working distance is in the optimal range of the equipment, when the working distance is reduced, the spot diameter of the electron beam is reduced, the power density of the electron beam can be increased, but the discharge phenomenon can be caused when the working distance is too small, so that the working distance which is as short as possible can be adopted on the premise of not influencing the stable work of the electron gun, when the electron beam impacts the surface of the welding workpiece 19 which is placed in vacuum or non-vacuum, the kinetic energy of the electron is rapidly converted into heat energy, so that the metal is rapidly melted and evaporated, the welding process is realized: the electron beam belongs to high-energy beam, the range of a common accelerating voltage power supply 5 during electron beam welding is 30-150kV, the beam current is 20-000mA, the diameter of a focus of the electron beam is about 0.1-1mm, and the power density of the electron beam can reach 106w/cm
2The electron beam welding device can weld sealing parts needing to maintain vacuum degree inside and weld welding parts close to thermosensitive elements, welding parts with complex and precise welding shapes can be welded simultaneously, welding parts with two or more layers of joints can be welded simultaneously, and the space interval between the layers of the joints can be dozens of millimeters.
The welding method of the electron beam welding device comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a welding workpiece for pre-welding preheating and post-welding heat treatment, fixedly clamping the welding workpiece through a workbench, vacuumizing a vacuum working chamber through a vacuumizing port of the vacuum working chamber, and vacuumizing a beam adjusting and focusing stage chamber through a beam generating stage chamber vacuumizing port;
s2: the electric motor gun is connected through a high-voltage power supply, the cathode and the anode of the electric motor are controlled to generate electron beams, the penetration can be increased by increasing the accelerating voltage in the electron beam welding, under the condition of keeping other parameters unchanged, the depth-to-width ratio of the cross section of a welding seam is in direct proportion to the accelerating voltage, the accelerating voltage is unchanged, the electron beam current is increased, and the penetration are increased;
s3: the angle of the electron beam is corrected through the reflecting lens, the focusing state of the electron beam is corrected through astigmatism correction, the focusing coil and the deflection coil, the focus is located on the surface of a welding workpiece, the electron gun starts to weld the workpiece, and workpiece welding is completed.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An electron beam welding apparatus comprising an electron beam welding apparatus main body (1), characterized in that: the electron beam welding device comprises an electron beam generation chamber (2), a beam adjustment focusing chamber (3) and a vacuum working chamber (4), wherein a high-voltage power supply (5) is arranged in the middle of the upper side of the beam generation chamber (2), a control electrode (6) is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply (5), a cathode (7) is arranged on the lower side of the high-voltage power supply (5) and inside the control electrode (6), an anode (8) is arranged in the middle of the lower side of the beam generation chamber (2), adjustment coils (9) are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the inside of the beam adjustment focusing chamber (3), a valve (10) is arranged in the middle of the left side of the beam adjustment focusing chamber (3), an optical observation channel (11) is arranged on the lower left side of the beam adjustment focusing chamber (3), and a reflective lens (12) is arranged on the lower side of the inside of the beam adjustment focusing chamber (3), and the two ends of the lower side of the beam current adjusting and focusing stage cavity (3) are provided with correction cavities (13), and the middle part of the right side of the vacuum working chamber (4) is provided with a vacuum working chamber vacuumizing port (20).
2. An electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a welding machine, including calibration cavity (13), the inside upside of calibration cavity (13) is provided with astigmatic correction (14), the inside of calibration cavity (13) and the downside that is located astigmatic correction (14) are provided with focusing coil (15), the inside of calibration cavity (13) and the downside that is located focusing coil (15) are provided with deflection coil (16), the upper right side of beam generation level cavity (2) is provided with beam generation level cavity evacuation mouth (17), the inside of vacuum chamber (4) is provided with workstation (18), welding workpiece (19) have been placed to the upside of workstation (18).
3. An electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the beam adjusting and focusing chamber (3) is arranged between the beam generating chamber (2) and the vacuum working chamber (4), and the beam generating chamber (2), the beam adjusting and focusing chamber (3) and the vacuum working chamber (4) are arranged in a penetrating manner in the middle.
4. An electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper side of the beam generation stage cavity (2) is connected with an electron gun through a high-voltage power supply (5).
5. An electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the lower side of the workbench (18) is provided with a movable sliding rail.
6. An electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the accelerating voltage range of the high-voltage power supply (5) is 30-150 KV.
7. A welding method of an electron beam welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing for pre-welding preheating and post-welding heat treatment of a welding workpiece (19), fixedly clamping the welding workpiece (19) through a workbench (18), vacuumizing a vacuum working chamber (4) through a vacuum working chamber vacuumizing port (20), and vacuumizing a beam current adjusting and focusing stage chamber through a beam current generating stage chamber vacuumizing port (17);
s2: the welding gun is connected with the motor gun through a high-voltage power supply (5), an electron beam is generated by controlling a cathode (7) and an anode (8) of a motor (6), the penetration can be increased by increasing the acceleration voltage in the electron beam welding, the depth-to-width ratio of the cross section of a welding seam is in direct proportion to the acceleration voltage under the condition of keeping other parameters unchanged, the acceleration voltage is unchanged, the electron beam current is increased, and the penetration can be increased;
s3: the angle of the electron beam is corrected by a reflecting mirror (12), the focusing state of the electron beam is corrected by an astigmatism correction (14), a focusing coil (15) and a deflection coil (16), the focal point is positioned on the surface of a welding workpiece (19), and the electron gun starts welding the workpiece to finish welding the workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911142970.4A CN110773858A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Electron beam welding device and welding method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911142970.4A CN110773858A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Electron beam welding device and welding method |
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| CN110773858A true CN110773858A (en) | 2020-02-11 |
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| CN201911142970.4A Pending CN110773858A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Electron beam welding device and welding method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111172404A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-05-19 | 南昌航空大学 | Electron beam remelting device and method for particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114178668A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-15 | 西北工业大学 | Pen type handheld electron beam gun special for space welding |
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2019
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201911142970.4A patent/CN110773858A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN1154283A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1997-07-16 | 埃尔帕特朗尼股份公司 | Method and apparatus for monitoring and positioning bema or jet for operating workpiece |
| JPH09155565A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-06-17 | Kanayama Mach Kk | Electron beam welding method and its welding machine |
| CN2923146Y (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-18 | 重庆工学院 | Controllable deformation electronic-beam precision-finishing processing apparatus |
| CN207534147U (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-06-26 | 嘉兴丰成电子科技有限公司 | A kind of blocked up metal tape continous way electron beam welding production system |
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| 王喆等: ""真空电子束焊接及应用"", 《东方汽轮机》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111172404A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-05-19 | 南昌航空大学 | Electron beam remelting device and method for particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN114178668A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-15 | 西北工业大学 | Pen type handheld electron beam gun special for space welding |
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Application publication date: 20200211 |
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