CN113877959B - Method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using plant microbial fuel cell technology - Google Patents
Method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by using plant microbial fuel cell technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113877959B CN113877959B CN202111181613.6A CN202111181613A CN113877959B CN 113877959 B CN113877959 B CN 113877959B CN 202111181613 A CN202111181613 A CN 202111181613A CN 113877959 B CN113877959 B CN 113877959B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell, wherein the plant microbial fuel cell consists of plants, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a wire and an external resistor. The cathode electrode is arranged on the surface layer of the soil; the anode electrode is arranged in soil around the plant root; the lead comprises a cathode lead and an anode lead, the cathode lead is connected and wound on the cathode electrode, the anode lead is connected and wound on the anode electrode, and an external resistor is connected between the cathode and the anode. The plant microbial fuel cell performs oxidation reaction near the anode, so that organic pollutants, low-valence and reducing substances can be removed efficiently, and reduction reaction near the cathode is performed, so that high-valence pollutants reduced in the cathode chamber can be removed, and toxicity is reduced. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple implementation, high pollutant removal efficiency, no secondary pollution and capability of recycling a part of electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ecological restoration of soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in particular to a method for restoring soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by utilizing a plant microbial fuel cell technology.
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs) pollution is one of the major environmental and public health problems facing countries around the world, and the pollution problem to soil is particularly remarkable, so that the health of people is seriously threatened.
The method mainly comprises the steps of repairing PAHs polluted soil, namely, taking physical and chemical methods such as soil dressing, soil leaching, stabilizer application and the like as main materials; in addition, there are some new environmental functional materials used in contaminated soil remediation. However, the traditional physical and chemical restoration technology has short time and quick response for treating severely polluted soil, but often accompanies risks of high energy consumption, high cost, secondary pollution and the like.
A novel soil remediation method, plant microbial fuel cells, is described herein for remediating soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This is a repair method combining plants with microbial fuel cells. The method has the advantages of low repairing cost, simple and convenient implementation, high pollutant removal efficiency and no secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the existing soil remediation, and provides a method for remediating soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell, is simple, convenient to operate and easy to implement, and removes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil through the oxidation-reduction reaction of the anode and the cathode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
setting up a repair reactor with a certain volume for accommodating soil to be repaired and constructing a plant microbial fuel cell, inserting titanium wires into carbon felts with a certain thickness to be used as electrodes of the plant microbial fuel cell, burying one carbon felt into the soil to be repaired with a certain depth to be used as anodes of the plant microbial fuel cell, and adding a certain amount of treated sprouted seeds into the soil; and paving the other electrode on the soil surface as a cathode of the microbial fuel cell, adding water into the reactor until the soil is in a flooded state, connecting the anode and the cathode by using a titanium wire as a lead, and connecting an external resistor in series to form a closed circuit. The constructed plant microbial fuel cell is cultured under natural conditions, water is supplemented timely according to the requirement, the height of the surface water layer is kept to be about 2cm, and the culture temperature is 25 ℃ more suitable.
The plant microbial fuel cell in the technical scheme is a device for degrading organic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soil by utilizing the synergistic effect of plants and microorganisms, and after the plant microbial fuel cell is formed, the plant microbial fuel cell performs oxidation reaction near an anode, so that organic pollutants, low-valence and reducing substances can be efficiently removed, and reduction reaction is performed near a cathode, and therefore, high-valence pollutants reduced in a cathode chamber can be removed, and the concentration of pollutants is reduced.
The repair reactor in the technical scheme is a container for accommodating soil to be repaired, is a main body of the plant microbial fuel cell, has a cross-sectional area including one or more of a circular shape, a cylindrical shape and a polygonal shape, and has a height of less than 30cm so as to ensure a good repair effect.
The electrode in the technical scheme, the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are one or more than two of graphite felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth; for constructing components of a fuel cell to form an electricity-generating pathway and to provide an electrode reaction zone for enhancing the degradation of contaminants in the soil.
The cathode electrode in the technical scheme is positioned on the soil surface, the coverage area accounts for 80% -90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, a certain number of small holes with a certain aperture are uniformly distributed on the electrode, plant growth is facilitated, and the total open area is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the carbon felt electrode.
The anode electrode in the technical scheme is paved in soil, the coverage area accounts for 80% -90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, and the paving depth is 5cm-10cm below the soil surface layer.
The external resistance value in the technical scheme is 1000 omega-2000 omega, and is adjusted according to the size, electrode area and the like of the repair reactor of the plant microbial fuel cell.
The plant seeds in the technical proposal are ryegrass seeds.
The seed treatment method in the technical proposal comprises the following steps of H with the volume fraction of 20 percent 2 O 2 Soaking ryegrass seeds in the solution for 30 minutes, washing with deionized water, uniformly spreading a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the white porcelain plate, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, placing the gauze in a constant-temperature incubator for culturing, and adding water periodically every day under the condition that the incubator is dark to keep the seeds wet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the plant microbial fuel cell performs oxidation reaction near the anode, so that organic pollutants, low-valence and reducing substances can be removed efficiently, and reduction reaction near the cathode is performed, so that high-valence pollutants reduced in the cathode chamber can be removed, and toxicity is reduced. The selected plant ryegrass is suitable for flooded planting, has good removal efficiency for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as pyrene in soil, is simple and convenient to implement, has high pollutant removal efficiency and does not cause secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a method for remediating soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using plant microbial fuel cell technology.
In the figure: 1. repairing reactor, cathode electrode, anode electrode, plant, wire, external resistor and soil to be repaired.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the plant microbial fuel cell of the present invention comprises a repair reactor 1, a cathode electrode 2, an anode electrode 3, plants 4, a wire 5, an external resistor 6 and soil 7. The cathode electrode 2 is arranged on the surface layer of the soil 7 to be repaired; the anode electrode 3 is placed in soil around the root of the plant 4, the lead 5 is wound on the cathode electrode 2 and the anode electrode 3 respectively, and the cathode electrode 2, the external resistor 6 and the anode electrode 3 are connected through the lead 5.
The plant 4 used in this example was ryegrass, and ryegrass seed treatment and cultivation steps were as follows:
with a volume fraction of 20% H 2 O 2 Soaking ryegrass seeds of about 5g in the solution for 30 minutes, washing with deionized water, uniformly spreading a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the white porcelain plate, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, placing the gauze in a constant-temperature incubator for culturing, and periodically adding water every day under the condition that the incubator is dark to keep the seeds wet; after about 1-2 days, the seeds germinate, at this time, the illumination of the incubator is turned on to simulate the sunshine environment, so that the seeds can carry out photosynthesis, the culture time of the seeds in the incubator is controlled to be 4-7 days, and is not more than 10 days, the culture time is too long, and plant roots are grownDeveloped system, easy winding and inconvenient transplanting to the plant microbial fuel cell reactor.
After the seeds are cultured in the incubator for 4-7 days, the white porcelain plate is taken out and placed on a table top, the gauze is gently lifted, quartz sand wound in the root system is carefully shaken out by forceps, after the removal is finished, the parts of the seeds connected with the gauze are gently clamped by the forceps, the plants are carefully clamped out, and then the plants are placed in a beaker with clean water for standby. The whole process should avoid damaging the root system of the plant and bending the plant as much as possible. Grouping the finished plants and preparing for transplanting.
The steps for constructing the plant microbial fuel cell reactor are as follows:
a plurality of cylindrical containers with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 20cm are manufactured as repair reactors 1 for testing the repair effect of pyrene-polluted soil.
Titanium wires are used as wires 5 to be inserted and wound on a circular carbon felt with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 3mm to be used as an anode electrode 3, and an annular carbon felt with the outer diameter of 10cm, the inner diameter of 5cm and the thickness of 3mm to be used as a cathode electrode 2.
When 300g of pyrene-contaminated soil 7 was filled into each repair reactor 1, a piece of round carbon felt was laid on the soil as the anode electrode 2, and then the remaining soil 7 was covered on the anode electrode, and 60 treated plant seeds were added to each soil. And then placing an annular carbon felt serving as the cathode electrode 3 on the surface of soil 7, adding tap water into the reactor until the soil is in a flooding state, and the thickness of a water layer is about 2cm, wherein the cathode carbon felt is in the flooding state.
Titanium wires are used as leads to connect the anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 2 and are connected with an external resistor 6 of 1000 omega in series to form a closed circuit, thus completing the construction of the plant microbial fuel cell reactor.
The plant microbial fuel cell reactor is placed in an illumination incubator to operate, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 7200LX, and the illumination duration is 16h/d. Tap water was added once each day at 12 pm and 18 pm.
According to measurement, the initial pyrene concentration of the soil is 50mg/kg, and after 50 days of operation, the pyrene concentration in the soil is reduced to 4.03mg/kg, and the removal rate is 91.94%.
Claims (5)
1. The method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is characterized by being implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell and comprises the following steps:
1) Construction of plant microbial fuel cell by using soil to be repaired
Setting up a repair reactor with a certain volume for accommodating soil to be repaired and constructing a plant microbial fuel cell, inserting titanium wires into carbon felts with a certain thickness to be used as electrodes of the plant microbial fuel cell, burying one carbon felt into the soil to be repaired with a certain depth to be used as anodes of the plant microbial fuel cell, and adding a certain amount of treated plant seeds into the soil; paving the other electrode on the soil surface as a cathode of the plant microbial fuel cell, adding water into the repair reactor until the soil is in a flooded state, connecting the anode and the cathode by using a titanium wire as a lead, and connecting an external resistor in series to form a closed circuit;
2) Operating plant microbial fuel cell
Culturing the constructed plant microbial fuel cell under natural conditions, supplementing water timely according to the requirement, and keeping the height of the surface water layer around 2cm at 25 ℃;
the cathode electrode is positioned on the soil surface, the coverage area accounts for 80% -90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, a certain number of small holes with certain aperture are uniformly distributed on the cathode electrode, and the total aperture area is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the cathode electrode;
the anode electrode is paved in the soil, the coverage area accounts for 80% -90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, and the paving depth is 5cm-10cm below the soil surface layer;
the external resistance between the two electrodes is 1000 omega-2000 omega;
the soil to be repaired is pyrene-polluted soil;
the plant seeds are ryegrass seeds.
2. The method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon according to claim 1, wherein a plant microbial fuel cell is constructed, characterized in that: the device consists of a repair reactor, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a lead and an external resistor; the cathode electrode is arranged on the surface layer of the soil of the repair reactor; the anode electrode is arranged in soil around the plant root, and the treated plant seeds are planted in the soil layer between the cathode and the anode; the lead comprises a cathode lead and an anode lead, the cathode lead is connected and wound on the cathode electrode, the anode lead is connected and wound on the anode electrode, and an external resistor is connected between the cathode and the anode.
3. The plant microbial fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the restoration reactor is a container for accommodating soil to be restored, and the cross section shape of the restoration reactor comprises one or two of a circle and a polygon.
4. The plant microbial fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are one or more than two of graphite felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth.
5. The plant microbial fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the plant seeds are treated by the method that the volume fraction of H is 20% 2 O 2 Soaking ryegrass seeds in the solution for 30 minutes, washing with deionized water, uniformly spreading a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the white porcelain plate, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, placing the gauze in a constant-temperature incubator for culturing, and periodically adding water every day under the condition that the constant-temperature incubator is dark to keep the seeds wet.
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