CN113877959A - Method for repairing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil by using plant microbial fuel cell technology - Google Patents
Method for repairing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polluted soil by using plant microbial fuel cell technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113877959A CN113877959A CN202111181613.6A CN202111181613A CN113877959A CN 113877959 A CN113877959 A CN 113877959A CN 202111181613 A CN202111181613 A CN 202111181613A CN 113877959 A CN113877959 A CN 113877959A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell, wherein the plant microbial fuel cell consists of a plant, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a lead and an external resistor. The cathode electrode is arranged on the surface layer of the soil; the anode electrode is arranged in the soil around the roots of the plants; the lead comprises a cathode lead and an anode lead, the cathode lead is wound on the cathode electrode in a connecting mode, the anode lead is wound on the anode electrode in a connecting mode, and an external resistor is connected between the anode and the cathode. The plant microbial fuel cell can efficiently remove organic pollutants and low-valence and reduced substances by performing an oxidation reaction near the anode, and can remove high-valence pollutants reduced in the cathode chamber by performing a reduction reaction near the cathode, thereby reducing toxicity. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient implementation, high pollutant removal efficiency, no secondary pollution and capability of recycling a part of electric energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ecological restoration of soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in particular to a method for restoring soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by utilizing a plant microbial fuel cell technology.
Background
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution is one of the major environmental and public health problems facing countries in the world, and the pollution problem to soil is particularly prominent, and people's health is seriously threatened.
The restoration of PAHs polluted soil is mainly carried out by physical and chemical methods such as soil dressing, soil leaching, stabilizer application and the like; in addition, some novel environment functional materials are applied to the remediation of the polluted soil. However, the traditional physical and chemical remediation technology has short time and quick effect on the treatment of seriously polluted soil, but is often accompanied by risks such as high energy consumption, high cost, secondary pollution and the like.
A novel soil remediation method, plant microbial fuel cell, is introduced to remediate soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method is a repairing method for combining the plant and the microbial fuel cell. The method has the advantages of low restoration cost, simple and convenient implementation, high pollutant removal efficiency and no secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the existing soil remediation, and provides a method for remediating soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell, is simple, convenient to operate and easy to implement, and removes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the soil through redox reactions of a cathode and an anode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
building a repair reactor with a certain volume for accommodating soil to be repaired and constructing a plant microbial fuel cell, winding titanium wires in a carbon felt with a certain thickness in an inserting manner to serve as an electrode of the plant microbial fuel cell, embedding a carbon felt in the soil to be repaired with a certain depth to serve as an anode of the plant microbial fuel cell, and adding a certain amount of treated germinated seeds into the soil; and then another electrode is laid on the soil surface and used as a cathode of the microbial fuel cell, water is added into the reactor until the soil is in a flooded state, and a titanium wire is used as a lead to connect the anode and the cathode and is connected in series with an external resistor to form a closed circuit. The constructed plant microbial fuel cell is cultured under natural conditions, water is supplemented timely according to needs, the height of a surface water layer is kept about 2cm, and the culture temperature is more suitable at 25 ℃.
The plant microbial fuel cell in the technical scheme is a device for degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and other organic substances in soil by utilizing the synergistic action of plants and microbes, and after the plant microbial fuel cell is formed, the plant microbial fuel cell is subjected to oxidation reaction near an anode, so that organic pollutants and low-valence and reducing substances can be efficiently removed, and reduction reaction is performed near a cathode, so that high-valence pollutants reduced in a cathode chamber can be removed, and the concentration of the pollutants is reduced.
The restoration reactor in the technical scheme is a container used for containing soil to be restored, and is also a main body of the plant microbial fuel cell, the sectional area shape comprises one or more than two of a circle, a cylinder and a polygon, and the height is less than 30cm, so that a better restoration effect is ensured.
In the electrode in the technical scheme, the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are one or more than two of graphite felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth; for constructing components of a fuel cell to form electricity generating pathways and to provide electrode reaction zones for enhancing the degradation of contaminants in soil.
The cathode electrode in the technical scheme is positioned on the soil surface, the coverage area accounts for 80-90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, a certain number of small holes with certain apertures are uniformly distributed on the electrode, the growth of plants is facilitated, and the total aperture area is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the carbon felt electrode.
In the technical scheme, the anode electrode is laid in soil, the coverage area accounts for 80-90% of the sectional area of the remediation reactor, and the laying depth is 5-10 cm below the surface layer of the soil.
The external resistance value in the technical scheme is 1000-2000 omega, and is adjusted according to the size of the repair reactor of the plant microbial fuel cell, the electrode area and the like.
In the technical scheme, the plant seeds are rye grass seeds.
The seed treatment method in the technical scheme is that the volume fraction of H is 20%2O2Soaking ryegrass seeds in the solution for 30 minutes, cleaning the ryegrass seeds with deionized water, uniformly paving a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering the white porcelain plate with a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the gauze, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, putting the gauze into a constant-temperature incubator for culture, wherein the incubator is dark, and adding water periodically every day to keep the seeds wet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the plant microbial fuel cell can efficiently remove organic pollutants and low-valence and reduced substances by performing an oxidation reaction near the anode, and can remove high-valence pollutants reduced in the cathode chamber by performing a reduction reaction near the cathode, thereby reducing toxicity. The selected plant ryegrass is suitable for flooded planting, has good removal efficiency for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene in soil, is simple and convenient to implement, has high pollutant removal efficiency and cannot cause secondary pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a method for remediating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil using plant microbial fuel cell technology in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the method comprises the following steps of (1) repairing a reactor, (2) a cathode electrode, (3) an anode electrode, (4) plants, (5) a lead, (6) an external resistor, and (7) soil to be repaired.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the plant microbial fuel cell of the present invention comprises a remediation reactor 1, a cathode electrode 2, an anode electrode 3, a plant 4, a lead 5, an external resistor 6, and soil 7. The cathode electrode 2 is arranged on the surface layer of the soil 7 to be repaired; the anode electrode 3 is arranged in the soil around the root of the plant 4, the lead 5 is respectively wound on the cathode electrode 2 and the anode electrode 3, and the cathode electrode 2, the external resistor 6 and the anode electrode 3 are connected through the lead 5.
The plant 4 used in this example was rye grass, and the treatment and cultivation steps of rye grass seeds were as follows:
with 20% by volume of H2O2Soaking 5g of ryegrass seeds in the solution for 30 minutes, cleaning the ryegrass seeds with deionized water, uniformly paving a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the gauze, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, putting the gauze into a constant-temperature incubator for culture, wherein the incubator is dark, and adding water periodically every day to keep the seeds wet; after about 1-2 days, the seeds germinate, the illumination of the incubator is opened to simulate the sunshine environment, so that the seeds can be subjected to photosynthesis, the culture time of the seeds in the incubator is controlled to be 4-7 days, which is not more than 10 days, the culture time is too long, the root systems of the plants are developed, the plants are easy to be wound together, and the plants are inconvenient to transplant to a microbial fuel cell reactor.
After the seeds are cultured in the incubator for 4-7 days, the white porcelain plate is taken out and placed on a table, the gauze is slightly lifted, the quartz sand wound in the root system is carefully shaken out by using the tweezers, after the quartz sand is completely removed, the part of the seeds connected with the gauze is slightly clamped by using the tweezers, the plants are carefully clamped, and then the seeds are placed in a beaker filled with clear water for later use. The whole process should avoid damaging the root system of the plant and the bending of the plant as much as possible. And (4) grouping the arranged plants and preparing for transplanting.
The steps for constructing the plant microbial fuel cell reactor are as follows:
a plurality of cylindrical containers with the diameter of 15cm and the height of 20cm are manufactured to be used as the repair reactor 1 for testing the repair effect of the pyrene-polluted soil.
A titanium wire is used as a lead 5 and is inserted and wound on a circular carbon felt with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 3mm to serve as an anode electrode 3, and an annular carbon felt with the outer diameter of 10cm, the inner diameter of 5cm and the thickness of 3mm to serve as a cathode electrode 2.
When 300g of pyrene-contaminated soil 7 was loaded into each remediation reactor 1, a round carbon felt was laid on the soil as an anode electrode 2, the remaining soil 7 was covered on the anode, and 60 treated plant seeds were added to each soil. And then placing an annular carbon felt as a cathode electrode 3 on the surface of the soil 7, adding tap water into the reactor until the soil is in a submerged state, wherein the thickness of a water layer is about 2cm, and at the moment, the cathode carbon felt is in the submerged state.
And connecting the anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 2 by using a titanium wire as a lead and connecting the titanium wire with an external resistor 6 of 1000 omega in series to form a closed circuit, thereby completing the construction of the plant microbial fuel cell reactor.
The plant microbial fuel cell reactor is placed in an illumination incubator to operate, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the illumination intensity is 7200LX, and the illumination time is 16 h/d. Tap water was added once each day at noon 12 and evening 18.
Through determination, the initial pyrene concentration of the soil is 50mg/kg, the pyrene concentration of the soil is reduced to 4.03mg/kg after 50 days of operation, and the removal rate is 91.94%.
Claims (9)
1. A method for remediating soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is implemented by a plant microbial fuel cell, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) construction of plant microbial fuel cell from soil to be repaired
Building a repair reactor with a certain volume for accommodating soil to be repaired and constructing a plant microbial fuel cell, winding a titanium wire in a carbon felt with a certain thickness in an inserting manner to be used as an electrode of the plant microbial fuel cell, embedding a carbon felt in the soil to be repaired with a certain depth to be used as an anode of the plant microbial fuel cell, and adding a certain amount of processed plant seeds into the soil; and then another electrode is laid on the surface of the soil and used as a cathode of the plant microbial fuel cell, water is added into the remediation reactor until the soil is in a flooded state, and a titanium wire is used as a lead to connect the anode and the cathode and is connected in series with an external resistor to form a closed circuit.
2) Operating plant microbial fuel cell
The constructed plant microbial fuel cell is cultured under natural conditions, water is supplemented timely according to needs, the height of a surface water layer is kept about 2cm, and the culture temperature is more suitable at 25 ℃.
2. The method for remediating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein a plant microbial fuel cell is constructed, wherein: the device consists of a repair reactor, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode, a lead and an external resistor. The cathode electrode is arranged on the soil surface layer of the reactor; the anode electrode is arranged in soil around the roots of the plants, and the treated plant seeds are planted in the soil layer in the middle of the cathode and the anode; the lead comprises a cathode lead and an anode lead, the cathode lead is wound on the cathode electrode in a connecting mode, the anode lead is wound on the anode electrode in a connecting mode, and an external resistor is connected between the anode and the cathode.
3. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the repair reactor is a container for containing soil to be repaired, and the sectional area shape comprises one or more than two of a circle, a cylinder and a polygon.
4. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the cathode electrode and the anode electrode are one or more than two of graphite felt, carbon paper and carbon cloth.
5. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the cathode electrode is positioned on the soil surface, the coverage area accounts for 80-90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, a certain number of small holes with certain apertures are uniformly distributed on the cathode electrode, and the total aperture area is 1/3-1/2 of the area of the cathode electrode.
6. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the anode electrode is laid in soil, the coverage area accounts for 80-90% of the sectional area of the repair reactor, and the laying depth is 5-10 cm below the surface layer of the soil.
7. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the external resistance between the two poles is 1000-2000 omega.
8. The plant seed of claim 2 being a rye grass seed.
9. The plant microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the plant seed is treated by using 20% of H by volume fraction2O2Soaking ryegrass seeds in the solution for 30 minutes, cleaning the ryegrass seeds with deionized water, uniformly paving a layer of quartz sand on a white porcelain plate, covering the white porcelain plate with a layer of gauze, carefully and uniformly spreading the seeds on the gauze, adding a proper amount of water to keep the gauze in a wet state, putting the gauze into a constant-temperature incubator for culture, wherein the incubator is dark, and adding water periodically every day to keep the seeds wet.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114871266A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 天津城建大学 | Method for repairing soil polluted by refractory organic matters by using immobilized laccase in cooperation with soil microbial electrochemical system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114871266B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-09-05 | 天津城建大学 | Method for repairing degradation-resistant organic matter polluted soil by immobilized laccase in cooperation with soil microbial electrochemical system |
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