CN113875701A - Method for adjusting proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed - Google Patents
Method for adjusting proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875701A CN113875701A CN202111168915.XA CN202111168915A CN113875701A CN 113875701 A CN113875701 A CN 113875701A CN 202111168915 A CN202111168915 A CN 202111168915A CN 113875701 A CN113875701 A CN 113875701A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens female and male prepupa by using feed, and belongs to the field of hermetia illucens breeding. According to the invention, by adjusting the components of the hermetia illucens feed, after breeding a population with a high female ratio or a population with a high male ratio, the hermetia illucens female and male prepupa are separated by combining a feeding stopping means, and the hermetia illucens adult enters an adult breeding room according to the appropriate proportion of the hermetia illucens adult, so that the hermetia illucens adult in the adult breeding room always maintains a better proportion, the adult is mated in time after eclosion, and the male is mated for multiple times, thus reducing the breeding amount of the male, improving the fertility of the adult and reducing the production cost of the eggs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed, and belongs to the field of hermetia illucens breeding.
Background
Hermetia illucens (hermetia illucens L.) is widely researched and artificially cultured due to its strong capability of converting organic wastes into high-quality feed raw materials. The weak reproductive capacity of adults is one of the main reasons for restricting the industrialization of hermetia illucens. Therefore, how to improve the fertility of the hermetia illucens and reduce the production cost of the hermetia illucens is a key research direction in the field of hermetia illucens cultivation.
Research shows that hermetia illucens males generally emerge 1-2 days earlier than females, the length of the males is 1-2cm shorter than that of the females, the females mate within 2-3 days after emergence, the females begin to lay eggs after 2-3 days after mating, and the life of the females is 2-3 days longer than that of the males. Sex ratio affects adult fertility. Bertrand et al (2019) determined the fertility of adults in a male dominant population (35.72% female) and a female dominant population (60.98% female), respectively. The peak egg laying period of the male dominant population was found to be 8.8. + -. 0.3 days after eclosion, whereas the peak egg laying period of the female dominant population was found to be 10.3. + -. 0.5 days after eclosion. Female fertility is affected by a sex ratio, with an average monofemale egg production of 22.5 + -0.8 mg in a male dominated population and 16.6 + -1.0 mg in a female dominated population. Bertrand et al believe that this may be because in the male dominant population, females mate in time after emergence, while in the female dominant population, males are small in number and some females do not mate. The results of the experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that failure to mate quickly after eclosion of hermetia illucens may reduce their egg production by absorbing a portion of the oocytes to meet their metabolic needs. Although the egg laying amount of the female single-female dominant population in the male dominant population is higher, the total egg production amount of the female dominant population is obviously higher, the hatching rate of the eggs of the male dominant population is 96.5%, and the hatching rate of the eggs of the female dominant population is 93.5%. Therefore, when adult hermetia illucens are bred in a large scale, female and male pupas of the hermetia illucens are separated, and the female and male pupas of the hermetia illucens are eclosized according to a proper proportion, so that the egg laying amount of the hermetia illucens is increased.
The female and male pupae proportion of the hermetia illucens cultured by the conventional hermetia illucens culturing method is 0.9-1.1, under the normal state of whole culturing, the hermetia illucens male pupae can prepupa for one to two days earlier than the female and the male, but no method for separating the female and the male pupae of the hermetia illucens is adopted at present, the hermetia illucens male pupae can emerge for 2-3 days earlier than the female, so that the adult proportion of the hermetia illucens in a breeding room can not be accurately controlled, imbalance easily occurs, timely mating or no mating occurs after the adult emerges, the total egg yield is low, and the egg production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female preputial pupae by using feed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the initially hatched larvae in a feeding box, feeding the larvae with feed for 21-25 days, stopping feeding for 2 days, collecting male prepupa climbed out in the first stage, weighing, and storing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house;
(2) after continuously feeding the residual prepupoles in the step (1) for 2 days, stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting the male prepupoles climbed out in the second stage, weighing, and placing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house for storage after marking date;
(3) screening the prepupa remaining in the step (2) in a 3-4-grade screening machine to obtain separated male and female prepupa, weighing, and storing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house with a date mark;
(4) pupating the hermetia illucens male and female prepupa stored in a pupation room or a refrigeration house after adding a pupation matrix, and obtaining hermetia illucens male and female pupae after 6-7 days;
(5) putting the hermetia illucens female and male pupae obtained in the step (4) into an adult breeding room according to a proportion, and breeding and laying eggs;
the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 3.8-9, and water content is 75-85%.
The inventor finds that the pH tolerance of the black soldier fly larvae before the 2 nd age is low, the black soldier fly larvae are suitable for female insects to grow when the pH is 3-5, and the death rate of male insects is high; when the pH value is 7-9, the male insect is suitable for growth, and the female death rate is high. Therefore, by changing the components in the feed for the hermetia illucens, female and male hermetia illucens pupae can be separated by combining a feeding stopping means in the process of breeding the hermetia illucens, and the hermetia illucens adults in an adult breeding room are fed according to the optimal sex ratio of the hermetia illucens adults, so that the hermetia illucens adults in the adult breeding room always maintain the optimal sex ratio, and are mated in time after eclosion of the adults, the males are mated for multiple times, the breeding amount of the males is reduced, the fertility of the adults is improved, and the production cost of eggs is reduced.
Preferably, the present invention uses sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the feed.
Preferably, the outlets corresponding to the first and second layers of sieve plates of the 3-4-stage sieving machine are hermetia illucens female prepupa, and the outlets corresponding to the third and fourth layers of sieve plates are hermetia illucens male prepupa.
Because the male black soldier fly prepurity body is longer than the female black soldier fly prepurity body, the black soldier fly male prepurity body is cultured by the culture method, the specification of the male prepurity is 140-160 mg/stripe, and the specification of the female and male pupas is 180-200 mg/stripe, so that the female and male black soldier fly prepurity bodies can be separated by a screening machine by adjusting the aperture of the screening plate.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of the hermetia illucens pupae, the feed is fed in the step (1) for 23-25 days, and the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 3-5, and water content is 75-85%.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of the hermetia illucens pupae, the feed is fed in the step (1) for 21-23 days, and the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 7-9, and water content is 75-85%.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae, the step (1) is to feed the feedThe amount of the extract is 2kg in total on days 1-5, and 8-12 (kg/m) on days 16-202)/d。
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa in the invention, the feed in the step (2) is fed in an amount of 1-3 (kg/m)2)/d。
In the culture process, after stopping feeding, the water content of the culture medium is reduced from 70-75% to 50-60%, the prepupa actively climbs out the feed to search for a dry pupation place, pure prepupa around the culture container can be easily collected, and the white worms continue to develop in a wet place in the feed. After stopping feeding for 2 days, the feed supplement is only fed in the middle of the culture container in the width of 1 decimeter, the white worms all feed in the middle, and newly-bred prepupa crawls out all around to search for a dry pupation place because the newly-bred prepupa does not feed any more. This step enables the collection of pre-developed male preputial pupae.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of the female and male pupae prepuping of the hermetia illucens, the temperature of the pupation chamber is 28-32 ℃, and the storage thickness of the pupae prepuping in the pupation chamber is less than or equal to 5 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the proportion of the female and male pupae prepupa of the hermetia illucens, the pupation matrix is sawdust, and the moisture content of the sawdust is 50-60%.
As a preferred embodiment of the method for adjusting the ratio of the hermetia illucens pupae to pupae, the pupae entering mode in the step (5) is as follows: pupating in the same day with density of 1kg/m by continuously adding for two days3The female hermetia illucens pupate in the same day, and the pupation density is 1kg/m3The female hermetia illucens pupa has the density of 0.5kg/m3The subsequent pupa feeding modes of the hermetia illucens male pupae are the same as those of the third day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed, which is used for breeding hermetia illucens larvae, the hermetia illucens female and male prepupa can be separated in the breeding process, the female and male pupae are fed into an adult breeding room according to the optimal adult ratio, so that adults in the adult breeding room always maintain the better ratio, the adults mate in time after eclosion, the males mate for multiple times, the breeding amount of the males is reduced, the fertility of the adults is improved, and the egg production cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) placing the first hatched larvae in a feeding box, feeding feed for 25 days, wherein the feed amount is 2kg in the first 5 days, and the feed amount is 8 (kg/m) in the 6-25 days2) Stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting male prepupa climbed out in the first stage, weighing the male prepupa accounting for 5% of the total prepupa mass, and placing the prepupa in a pupation chamber with a date mark;
(2) after continuously feeding the prepupa remained in the step (1) for 2 days, the feed amount is 1 (kg/m)2) Stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting male prepupa climbed out in the second stage, weighing the male prepupa accounting for 20% of the total prepupa mass, and placing the prepupa in a pupation chamber with a date;
(3) screening the residual prepupa in the step (2) in a 3-4-level screening machine to obtain separated male and female prepupa, wherein the corresponding outlets of a first layer and a second layer of screening plates of the 3-4-level screening machine are female prepupa, the mass of the female prepupa is 65% of the total mass of the prepupa, the corresponding outlets of a third layer and a fourth layer of screening plates are male prepupa, the mass of the male prepupa is 10% of the total mass of the prepupa, weighing, and placing the weighed materials in a pupation chamber with a date;
(4) pupating the hermetia illucens male and female prepupa placed in a pupation chamber after adding a pupation matrix, and obtaining hermetia illucens male and female pupae after 6 days;
(5) placing the hermetia illucens female and male pupae obtained in the step (4) in an adult breeding room, and breeding and laying eggs; wherein the size of adult reproduction room is 10m 5m 2m, and the mode that heisui river horsefly female and male pupa gets into adult reproduction room is: 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the first day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the second day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the third day, 50kg male pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the fourth day, 100kg female pupae are fed in the fourth day, 50kg male pupae on the same day are fed in the subsequent pupae feeding modes, and the subsequent pupae feeding modes are the same as the third day.
Wherein the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 22%, pH is 3.8, and the water content is 75%; the temperature of the pupation chamber is 28 ℃, and the storage thickness of the prepupa in the pupation chamber is 5 cm; the pupation matrix is sawdust, and the moisture content of the sawdust is 50%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) placing the first hatched larvae in a feeding box, feeding feed for 21 days, wherein the feed amount is 2kg in the first 5 days, and the feed amount is 12 (kg/m) in the 6-25 days2) Feed amount of 10kg/m2Stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting male prepupa climbed out in the first stage, weighing the male prepupa with mass accounting for 5% of the total prepupa mass, and placing the male prepupa in a pupation chamber with a date mark;
(2) after continuously feeding the prepupa remained in the step (1) for 2 days, the feed amount is 3 (kg/m)2) Stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting male prepupa climbed out in the second stage, weighing the male prepupa accounting for 10% of the total prepupa mass, and placing the prepupa in a pupation chamber with a date;
(3) screening the residual prepupa in the step (2) in a 3-4-level screening machine to obtain separated female and male prepupa, wherein the corresponding outlets of a first layer and a second layer of screening plates of the 3-4-level screening machine are female prepupa, the mass of the female prepupa is 25% of the total mass of the prepupa, the corresponding outlets of a third layer and a fourth layer of screening plates are male prepupa, the mass of the male prepupa is 60% of the total mass of the prepupa, weighing, and placing the weighed materials in a pupation chamber with a date;
(4) pupating the hermetia illucens male and female prepupa placed in a pupation chamber after adding a pupation matrix, and obtaining hermetia illucens male and female pupae after 7 days;
(5) placing the hermetia illucens female and male pupae obtained in the step (4) in an adult breeding room, and breeding and laying eggs; wherein the size of adult reproduction room is 10m 5m 2m, and the mode that heisui river horsefly female and male pupa gets into adult reproduction room is: 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the first day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the second day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the third day, 50kg male pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the fourth day, 100kg female pupae are fed in the fourth day, 50kg male pupae on the same day are fed in the subsequent pupae feeding modes, and the subsequent pupae feeding modes are the same as the third day.
Wherein the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18.5%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10%, pH is 5.3, and the water content is 85%; the temperature of the pupation chamber is 32 ℃, and the storage thickness of the prepupa in the pupation chamber is 4 cm; the pupation matrix is sawdust, and the moisture content of the sawdust is 60%.
Effect example 1
In order to examine the influence of the feed ingredients on the female and male pupa prepurification ratio of the hermetia illucens, the hermetia illucens are cultured according to the following method in the effect example, and the influence of the feed ingredients on the female and male pupa prepurification ratio of the hermetia illucens in the effect example is tested. The feed ingredients and test results of the effect example are shown in table 1.
The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using the feed in the test groups 1 to 13 of the effect example comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the first hatched larvae in a feeding box, feeding feed for 23 days, wherein the feed amount is 2kg in the first 5 days, and the feed amount is 10 (kg/m) in the 6-23 days2) Feed amount of 10kg/m2Stopping feeding for 2 days, collecting the male prepupa climbed out in the first stage, weighing, and placing in a pupation chamber with a date mark;
(2) after continuously feeding the prepupa remained in the step (1) for 2 days, the feed amount is 2 (kg/m)2) Stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting male prepupa climbed out in the second stage, weighing, and placing in a pupation chamber with a date mark;
(3) screening the residual prepupa in the step (2) in a 3-4-level screening machine to obtain separated male and female prepupa, wherein the corresponding outlets of a first layer and a second layer of screening plates of the 3-4-level screening machine are female prepupa, the corresponding outlets of a third layer and a fourth layer of screening plates are male prepupa, weighing, and placing in a pupation chamber with a date mark;
(4) pupating the hermetia illucens male and female prepupa placed in a pupation chamber after adding a pupation matrix, and obtaining hermetia illucens male and female pupae after 7 days;
(5) placing the hermetia illucens female and male pupae obtained in the step (4) in an adult breeding room, and breeding and laying eggs; wherein the size of adult reproduction room is 10m 5m 2m, and the mode that heisui river horsefly female and male pupa gets into adult reproduction room is: 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the first day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the second day, 100kg female pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the third day, 50kg male pupae pupated on the same day are fed in the fourth day, 100kg female pupae are fed in the fourth day, 50kg male pupae on the same day are fed in the subsequent pupae feeding modes, and the subsequent pupae feeding modes are the same as the third day.
Wherein the temperature of the pupation chamber is 30 ℃, and the storage thickness of the prepupa in the pupation chamber is 4 cm; the pupation matrix is sawdust, and the moisture content of the sawdust is 55%.
The only difference between the method of the control group 1-4 of the effect example and the method of the test group 1-13 of the effect example is as follows: the feed for feeding the larvae which are hatched initially to the larvae which are 2 years old is different, and the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter was 16%, the content of crude fat in dry matter was 2%, pH 5.6, and the water content was 75%.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the feed ingredients affect the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female preputial pupae, and when the dry matter crude fat content and the dry matter crude protein content in the feed ingredients are the same and the pH values are different, it can be found that the smaller the pH value of the feed is, the larger the difference of the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female preputial pupae is, and the more the number of females is. The inventor finds that when the feed comprises the following components: when the content of crude fat in dry matters is 22 percent and the content of crude protein in the dry matters is 22 percent, the pH of the feed is adjusted to 5, 7 and 9 to culture black soldier flies, and the black soldier flies are fed for 3-4 days, so that the black soldier flies die and the technical effect of adjusting the proportion of male and female preputial pupae cannot be achieved; comparing the control group with the test group, it can be seen that the female and male pupae prepupa ratio of the hermetia illucens cultured by the conventional hermetia illucens culturing method is 0.9-1.1, and the female and male pupae prepupa ratio of the hermetia illucens cannot be adjusted in the culturing process.
Effect example 2
In order to examine the influence of the male and female pupa proportions on the egg laying amount, the black soldier fly is cultured by using the method of adjusting the female and male pupa preportion of the black soldier fly according to the effect example 1, 2kg of pupa eclosion imagoes are taken to test the influence of different male and female pupa preportions on the egg laying amount, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Male to female ratio | Total egg yield/g | Pupa-egg ratio |
| 0.5625 | 14.51 | 55.13439 |
| 0.6222 | 32.67 | 61.21824 |
| 0.7962 | 51.77 | 38.63241 |
| 0.9647 | 38.61 | 51.80005 |
| 1.174 | 61.81 | 25.75328 |
| 1.4375 | 77.66 | 32.35722 |
| 1.608696 | 82.65 | 24.19843 |
| 1.84 | 98.1 | 20.38736 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the more females, the lower the pupa-egg ratio and the higher the egg laying amount for the same pupa weight.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens male and female prepupa by using feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the initially hatched larvae in a feeding box, feeding the larvae with feed for 21-25 days, stopping feeding for 2 days, collecting male prepupa climbed out in the first stage, weighing, and storing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house;
(2) after continuously feeding the residual prepupoles in the step (1) for 2 days, stopping feeding for 2 days, simultaneously collecting the male prepupoles climbed out in the second stage, weighing, and placing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house for storage after marking date;
(3) screening the prepupa remaining in the step (2) in a 3-4-grade screening machine to obtain separated male and female prepupa, weighing, and storing in a pupation chamber or a refrigeration house with a date mark;
(4) pupating the hermetia illucens male and female prepupa stored in a pupation room or a refrigeration house after adding a pupation matrix, and obtaining hermetia illucens male and female pupae after 6-7 days;
(5) putting the hermetia illucens female and male pupae obtained in the step (4) into an adult breeding room according to a proportion, and breeding and laying eggs;
the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 3.8-9, and water content is 75-85%.
2. The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae to pupae according to claim 1, wherein the feed is fed in step (1) for 23-25 days, and the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 3-5, and water content is 75-85%.
3. The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae to pupae according to claim 1, wherein the feed is fed in the step (1) for 21-23 days, and the feed comprises the following components: the content of crude protein in dry matter is 18-22%, the content of crude fat in dry matter is 10-22%, pH is 7-9, and water content is 75-85%.
4. The method for regulating the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae according to claim 1, wherein the feed of step (1) is fed on days 1-5 at 2kg, and on days 16-20 at 8-12 (kg/m)2)/d。
5. The method for regulating the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae according to claim 1, wherein the feed of step (2) is fed in an amount of 1-3 (kg/m)2)/d。
6. The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae prepupa according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the pupation chamber is 28-32 ℃, and the pupation chamber stores pupae prepupa with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 cm.
7. The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae in advance according to claim 1, wherein the pupation matrix is sawdust, and the moisture content of the sawdust is 50-60%.
8. The method for adjusting the proportion of hermetia illucens pupae to pupae in the claim 1, wherein the pupae entering mode in the step (5) is as follows: pupating in the same day with density of 1kg/m by continuously adding for two days3The female hermetia illucens pupate in the same day, and the pupation density is 1kg/m3The female hermetia illucens pupa has the density of 0.5kg/m3The subsequent pupa feeding modes of the hermetia illucens male pupae are the same as those of the third day.
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