CN113875698A - Standardized culture method of agkistrodon acutus - Google Patents
Standardized culture method of agkistrodon acutus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a standardized breeding method of agkistrodon acutus, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of wild agkistrodon acutus species snakes, and carrying out mating culture on the wild agkistrodon acutus species snakes to obtain a plurality of first-generation agkistrodon acutus juveniles; after a plurality of son-generation young agkistrodon acutus snakes are cultured for a first preset time, a plurality of son-generation adult agkistrodon acutus snakes are obtained; selecting a first preset number of sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus from a plurality of sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus as a sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus, and extracting snake venom from the rest sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus for commercial application; mating and culturing the first preset number of the first generation of the young agkistrodon acutus to obtain a plurality of the second generation of the young agkistrodon acutus, and repeating the culturing method; wherein, the agkistrodon acutus is cultured according to a temperature management standard, a humidity management standard, a light management standard, a sanitation management standard and a food management standard. Therefore, the standardized breeding problem of the agkistrodon acutus can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial breeding, in particular to a standardized breeding method of agkistrodon acutus.
Background
Agkistrodon acutus, Agkistrodon acutus and Agkistrodon acutus are specific medicinal animals in China. The agkistrodon acutus venom is an important raw material for biological pharmacy in China, can be used for producing defibrase injection, is used for treating thrombotic diseases such as cerebral thrombosis and the like, has obvious effect, can also be used for producing thrombin injection, is used for treating hemorrhage and hemorrhagic diseases complicated with diseases of internal surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, eye, ear, nose and throat departments and oral departments, is more suitable for bleeding patients with ineffective traditional hemostatics, and has wide application prospect.
The national food and drug administration and the Chinese pharmacopoeia have definite regulations, and animal or plant raw materials for pharmaceutical factory production must be obtained by artificial cultivation and planting and cannot be directly obtained from the field, so that standardized artificial scale cultivation must be carried out. Although the artificial breeding research of the agkistrodon acutus has been carried out in China for many years, certain achievements are achieved in the aspects of snake garden design and construction, snake feeding management, food selection, spawning and hatching, young snake cultivation, overwintering and summer management, disease control and the like.
However, the existing culture technology of the agkistrodon acutus still has the problems of small culture scale, serious defects in the aspect of snake disease prevention and treatment, low survival rate of artificial feeding of young snakes and successive death of most of the young snakes in an artificial environment. Therefore, the cultivation technology of the agkistrodon acutus is a difficult problem which is not overcome yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus, which aims to solve the problem of standardized cultivation of the agkistrodon acutus.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a plurality of wild species of Agkistrodon acutus, and mating and culturing the wild species of Agkistrodon acutus to obtain a plurality of sub-generation young Agkistrodon acutus;
s2, cultivating a plurality of sub-generation young agkistrodon acutus for a first preset time to obtain a plurality of sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus;
s3, selecting a first preset number of the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus from a plurality of the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus as the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus, and extracting snake venom from the rest sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus for commercial application;
s4, mating and cultivating the first preset number of the first generation of the agkistrodon acutus species to obtain a plurality of the second generation of the agkistrodon acutus juveniles, and repeating the cultivating method of the step S2; wherein, the agkistrodon acutus in the steps S1, S2 and S4 is cultivated according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard, the illumination management standard, the sanitation management standard and the food management standard.
Optionally, the S2 includes: and a plurality of the first-generation young agkistrodon acutus are cultured in a one-box-one-line mode and a hibernation breaking mode, and the first preset time for culturing is 2-3 years.
Optionally, the step S2 of culturing the agkistrodon acutus according to the temperature management standard and the humidity management standard includes: the temperature range of the growth period of the young agkistrodon acutus of the next generation is 25-28 ℃, and the relative humidity range of the growth period is 60-80%.
Optionally, the step S3 includes: half of the first filial generation of the pit viper is female first filial generation of the pit viper, the other half of the first filial generation of the pit viper is male first filial generation of the pit viper, and the first filial generation of the pit viper is bred and propagated in a two-box mode.
Optionally, the agkistrodon acutus in steps S1 and S4 is cultivated according to a temperature management standard, a humidity management standard and a food management standard, and the method includes: stopping feeding the agkistrodon acutus in 12 months of the year of mating culture to enable the agkistrodon acutus to enter a hibernation state; controlling the temperature of a mating workshop to be reduced by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 8-12 ℃; and adjusting the relative humidity of the hybridization workshop to 80% -90%; and after two months of mating culture, controlling the temperature of the mating workshop to rise by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 25-28 ℃, and feeding the agkistrodon acutus.
Optionally, the method further includes: s5, establishing the artificial population gene library of the agkistrodon acutus.
Optionally, the step S5 includes: collecting snake slough of Agkistrodon acutus of different ages, soaking the snake slough with 95% concentration ethanol, placing in a low temperature refrigerator, measuring DNA data of Agkistrodon acutus, and establishing artificial population gene library of Agkistrodon acutus according to the DNA data.
Optionally, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to the light management standard, including: and arranging hidden boxes in each breeding workshop to provide rest space for the agkistrodon acutus and provide illumination conditions according with the rest of the agkistrodon acutus.
Optionally, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to hygienic management standards, including: the staff carries out health examination every year; cleaning public aisles, stairways, doors, windows, the ground and stair handrails periodically every week; keeping the wardrobe and the shoe cabinet in the changing area tidy every day, cleaning the work clothes and the work shoes periodically every week, and sterilizing; cleaning without dirt and stains after being used in a cleaning room and a cleaning pool every day, and timely cleaning unnecessary food waste remained in the area; regularly patrolling the sanitation of the cultivation workshop every day, timely cleaning the movable and food residues every day when the state of the agkistrodon acutus is kept, and regularly cleaning the cultivation frame every half month every week on the ground of the cultivation workshop; keeping the clean state of the virus taking room in the non-production period, circulating the air volume of the breeding workshop, cleaning tools, electric appliances and the ground once a month, and cleaning and removing garbage in time after the work of the production virus taking period is finished every day.
Optionally, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to sanitation management standards and food management standards, and further includes: before feeding, the food is sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation once, and the diaper is laid in the snake box in the breeding workshop, so that when dirty garbage exists on the diaper, the diaper is replaced in time, and the bottom of the box is cleaned.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
in the standardized cultivation method of the agkistrodon acutus provided by the application, a plurality of wild agkistrodon acutus species snakes are obtained and cultivated in a matched mode to obtain a plurality of son-generation agkistrodon acutus young snakes, a plurality of son-generation agkistrodon acutus young snakes are cultivated for a first preset time to obtain a plurality of son-generation agkistrodon acutus adult snakes, then a first preset number of son-generation agkistrodon acutus adult snakes are selected from the plurality of son-generation agkistrodon acutus adult snakes as son-generation agkistrodon acutus species, a plurality of son-generation agkistrodon acutus young snakes can be cultivated in a matched mode to obtain the snake venom from the rest son-generation agkistrodon acutus adult agkistrodon acutus, so that the reproduction of the agkistrodon acutus can be realized, the snake venom is extracted from the rest son-generation agkistrodon acutus adult agkistrodon acutus for commodity application, the economic value and commercial value of the agkistrodon acutus can be realized, and the agkistrodon acutus at each stage can be cultivated according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard, the illumination management standard, the sanitation management standard and the sanitation management standard, the standardized culture of the agkistrodon acutus can be realized, so that the survival rate of the agkistrodon acutus can be improved, the culture scale is enlarged, the number of artificial populations is increased, the commercialization and industrialization are realized, the contribution to human health is made, and the ecological value of the agkistrodon acutus is improved.
Furthermore, in the standardized cultivation method of the agkistrodon acutus provided by the invention, experimental data are provided for the subsequent technical research of the agkistrodon acutus by establishing artificial population gene libraries of the agkistrodon acutus of different age groups.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the schematic drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
As mentioned in the background art, Agkistrodon acutus, and Agkistrodon acutus are specific medicinal animals in our country. The agkistrodon acutus venom is an important raw material for biological pharmacy in China, can be used for producing defibrase injection, is used for treating thrombotic diseases such as cerebral thrombosis and the like, has obvious effect, can also be used for producing thrombin injection, is used for treating hemorrhage and hemorrhagic diseases complicated with diseases of internal surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, eye, ear, nose and throat departments and oral departments, is more suitable for bleeding patients with ineffective traditional hemostatics, and has wide application prospect.
The national food and drug administration and the Chinese pharmacopoeia have definite regulations, and animal or plant raw materials for pharmaceutical factory production must be obtained by artificial cultivation and planting and cannot be directly obtained from the field, so that standardized artificial scale cultivation must be carried out. Although the artificial breeding research of the agkistrodon acutus has been carried out in China for many years, certain achievements are achieved in the aspects of snake garden design and construction, snake feeding management, food selection, spawning and hatching, young snake cultivation, overwintering and summer management, disease control and the like.
However, the existing culture technology of the agkistrodon acutus still has the problems of small culture scale, serious defects in the aspect of snake disease prevention and treatment, low survival rate of artificial feeding of young snakes and successive death of most of the young snakes in an artificial environment. Therefore, the cultivation technology of the agkistrodon acutus is a difficult problem which is not overcome yet.
Therefore, the invention provides a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus, which is used for solving the problem of standardized cultivation of agkistrodon acutus and is respectively explained in detail below.
First, a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining a plurality of wild species of Agkistrodon acutus, and mating and culturing the wild species of Agkistrodon acutus to obtain a plurality of sub-generation young Agkistrodon acutus.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of wild species of Agkistrodon acutus may be obtained from the field, so as to obtain a plurality of sub-generation young Agkistrodon acutus by mating and culturing the wild species of Agkistrodon acutus, and then growing and culturing the sub-generation young Agkistrodon acutus.
Before the mating culture of a plurality of wild agkistrodon acutus species snakes, a culture workshop satisfying the culture of the agkistrodon acutus can be established.
Particularly, the main reason for the failure of the culture of the agkistrodon acutus is that diseases of the agkistrodon acutus are not effectively controlled, and stomatitis, pneumonia and skin diseases often occur, so that a large number of young agkistrodonces die. Aiming at the technical problem, the research workshop can be transformed and built in an omnibearing way, if devices such as geothermal energy, air conditioners, air purification and the like are introduced, namely an electric heating floor heating (buried) geothermal monitor is installed, a hidden fan and a coil pipe central air conditioner are installed, an air heat exchange fresh air exchange system, a pipeline type exhaust fan, a color steel plate wall, a color steel plate top plate decorative stainless steel glass spring door and the like, so that an agkistrodon acutus standardized breeding workshop is built, wherein the agkistrodon acutus breeding workshop, a young snake breeding workshop, a grown snake breeding workshop, a snake egg hatching breeding workshop, a snake venom processing breeding workshop and the like are adopted. After the cultivation workshop is detected, air purification in the cultivation workshop needs to meet production conditions of a pharmaceutical factory, and the standardized cultivation workshop without pathogenic bacteria is achieved, so that the cultivation environment of the cultivation workshop meets the standardized cultivation conditions of the agkistrodon acutus.
S2, cultivating a plurality of young agkistrodon acutus generations for a first preset time to obtain a plurality of adult agkistrodon acutus generations.
Wherein, step S2 includes: a plurality of first filial generation agkistrodon acutus juveniles are cultured in a one-box-one-line mode and a hibernation breaking mode, and the first preset time for culturing is 2-3 years.
As an example, 5000 young agkistrodon acutus generations can be fed in 1 month and 1 day in 2020, and are bred in boxes, namely, one box is bred in one mode, hibernation is broken, the young agkistrodon acutus generations are bred continuously for two years to 2021 years for 11 months, about 4000 young agkistrodon acutus survivors are survived, the survival rate is 80%, the weight of the agkistrodon acutus generations grows to about 600 g from about 11 g when the agkistrodon acutus bodies come out of shells, and the sexual maturity of partial first generation agkistrodon acutus generations is achieved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 of culturing the agkistrodon acutus according to the temperature management standard and the humidity management standard includes: the temperature range of the growing period of a plurality of sub-generation of agkistrodon acutus is 25-28 ℃, and the relative humidity range of the growing period is 60-80%.
Specifically, temperature management is the key to success and failure of agkistrodon acutus culture, constant temperature is beneficial to growth of agkistrodon acutus and prevention of diseases, and especially young snakes cause pneumonia outbreak under the condition of sudden temperature change, and irrecoverable loss can be brought. Therefore, when a plurality of young agkistrodon acutus generations are cultured for the first preset time, the temperature range in the growth period of the young agkistrodon acutus is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the temperature in the growth period cannot exceed 32 ℃. In addition, the death of the agkistrodon acutus due to the fact that the agkistrodon acutus cannot exuviate when the humidity is too low in the feeding environment, and the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is caused when the humidity is too high, pneumonia and skin bacterial infection are caused. Therefore, during the growth period of the agkistrodon acutus, the relative humidity of the environment is required to be maintained at 60-80%.
S3, selecting a first preset number of sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus from a plurality of sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus as a sub-generation of agkistrodon acutus, and extracting snake venom from the rest sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus for commercial application.
Wherein, step S3 includes: half of the first filial generation of the pit viper is female first filial generation of the pit viper, the other half is male first filial generation of the pit viper, and the first filial generation of the pit viper is bred and propagated in a two-box mode.
As an example, 500 sub-generation mature agkistrodon acutus snakes with bright, active and strong aggressivity can be selected from about 4000 sub-generation mature agkistrodon acutus snakes which survive 11 months in 2021, wherein the male and female parts are half of the mature agkistrodon acutus, then the mature agkistrodon acutus snakes are moved into a breeding and breeding workshop, and breeding is carried out in a two-box-two-box (one female and one male) mode by using breeding plastic boxes. The rest 3000 pieces of 600 g or more of the first filial generation of agkistrodon acutus become snakes, which can be put into a snake venom processing and breeding workshop for snake venom collection, wherein the snake venom collection is 5 fair each year, the yield reaches 800 ten-thousand yuan, and the method has good commodity application value.
S4, mating and cultivating the first preset number of the first generation of the agkistrodon acutus to obtain a plurality of the second generation of the agkistrodon acutus, and repeating the cultivating method of the step S2; wherein, the agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 are cultivated according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard, the illumination management standard, the sanitation management standard and the food management standard.
As shown in fig. 2, the breeding of the second generation of the seed of the agkistrodon acutus can be carried out to obtain a plurality of the second generation of the young agkistrodon acutus, and the above steps are repeated to obtain the second generation of the seed of the agkistrodon acutus for the third generation of the seed.
As described above, in addition to the cultivation of agkistrodon acutus in the growing period according to the temperature management standard and humidity management standard, when the agkistrodon acutus is bred, standardized cultivation of agkistrodon acutus is required according to the temperature management standard, humidity management standard and food management standard.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1 and S4 according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard and the food management standard comprises:
stopping feeding the agkistrodon acutus in 12 months of the year of mating culture to enable the agkistrodon acutus to enter a hibernation state; controlling the temperature of the mating workshop to be reduced by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 8-12 ℃; moreover, the relative humidity of the hybridization workshop is adjusted to 80% -90%; and after two months of mating culture, controlling the temperature of the mating workshop to rise by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 25-28 ℃, and feeding the agkistrodon acutus.
As an example, the breeding Agkistrodon acutus is put into hibernation, namely, the feeding is stopped in the last ten days of 12 months, the room temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ every day until about 12 ℃, the whole hibernation room temperature is 8-12 ℃ and is not more than 15 ℃, the relative temperature is 80-90%, the hibernation lasts for 2 months, the temperature is increased by 1 ℃ every day in the last ten days of 2022 months in 2022 years until the room temperature reaches 25 ℃, the hibernation is stopped, the food is put into the snake, and the snake is normally raised.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: s5, establishing artificial population gene library of Agkistrodon acutus.
Wherein, step S5 includes: collecting periostracum Serpentis of Agkistrodon acutus of different ages, soaking the periostracum Serpentis with 95% ethanol, placing in a low temperature refrigerator for determining DNA data of Agkistrodon acutus, and establishing artificial population gene library of Agkistrodon acutus according to the DNA data.
Specifically, an artificial population gene library of the yellow mountain agkistrodon acutus can be researched and established on the basis of 'phylogenetic geology of Chinese mainland agkistrodon acutus'. For example, 100 DNA data of wild yellow mountain Agkistrodon acutus species; 300 pieces of DNA data of the first filial generation of agkistrodon acutus raised in a standard culture workshop; 300 pieces of DNA data of the second generation of the agkistrodon acutus raised in a standard cultivation workshop. Therefore, by measuring the gene data, abundant sample data can be provided for the subsequent research of the agkistrodon acutus.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to the light management standard, including: and (3) arranging the hidden boxes in each breeding workshop to provide rest space for the agkistrodon acutus and provide illumination conditions according with the rest of the agkistrodon acutus.
Specifically, the agkistrodon acutus is an animal moving in the morning and evening, a breeding workshop cannot be too bright, and a light and dark area is required to be arranged in the snake cabinet, such as a hidden box can be placed for the snake to rest, and darker illumination conditions required by the agkistrodon acutus breeding are provided.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to hygienic management standards, including: the staff carries out health examination every year; cleaning public aisles, stairways, doors, windows, the ground and stair handrails periodically every week; keeping the wardrobe and the shoe cabinet in the changing area tidy every day, cleaning the work clothes and the work shoes periodically every week, and sterilizing; cleaning without dirt and stains after being used in a cleaning room and a cleaning pool every day, and timely cleaning unnecessary food waste remained in the area; regularly patrolling the sanitation of the cultivation workshop every day, timely cleaning the movable and food residues every day when the state of the agkistrodon acutus is kept, and regularly cleaning the cultivation frame every half month every week on the ground of the cultivation workshop; keeping the clean state of the virus taking room in the non-production period, circulating the air volume of the breeding workshop, cleaning tools, electrical appliances (such as an air conditioner) and the ground once a month, and cleaning and removing garbage in time after the work of the production virus taking period is finished every day.
Particularly, the artificial breeding of the agkistrodon acutus, the cobra, the silver-ring snake, the python, the mouse snake and the like needs to solve the cleaning and sanitation problems of the breeding workshop, and successful large-scale breeding results can be obtained only by breeding in an environment without pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to breed agkistrodon acutus according to the above hygienic management standards.
Specifically, the breeding workshops are closely isolated and designed and manufactured according to raw material workshops of biopharmaceutical factories, but since biopharmaceutical factories and managers of food and drug administration at all levels need to go to the workshops regularly to observe the growth condition of snakes, although the number of people entering the workshops is strictly controlled and can enter the workshops through clothes, caps and masks, unpredictable bacteria can be brought into the workshops, and if the environment is polluted, loss can be caused. Therefore, monitoring can be installed, workers operate in a workshop, and observers view in a monitoring room. If the person is required to enter the workshop, only 1-2 persons are allowed to enter the workshop, so that the external interference is prevented strictly, and the environment of the cultivation workshop is polluted.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to the hygienic management standard and the food management standard, and further comprises:
before feeding, the food is sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation once, and the diaper is laid in the snake box in the breeding workshop, so that when dirty garbage exists on the diaper, the diaper is replaced in time, and the bottom of the box is cleaned.
Specifically, the agkistrodon acutus is a euryphagite animal, mainly rats, the big and small white rats need to be fed by a specially-assigned person in a standardized workshop, the feeding of the agkistrodon acutus mainly comprises the feeding of moving animals, the agkistrodon acutus automatically catches food, and the big and small white rats are irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization once before entering the workshop. Moreover, the snake box needs to be paved with urine pad, and if the feces of the snake or the excrement of big and small white rats meet, the snake box needs to be replaced immediately, and the box bottom needs to be cleaned.
The standardized culture method of the agkistrodon acutus provided by the embodiment of the invention also achieves a remarkable technical result. Specifically, on the basis of summarizing the conventional artificial culture technology of agkistrodon acutus, the technical specification of standardized artificial culture is formulated: the method adopts geothermal, air conditioning and air purification technologies, sets the annual feeding temperature in a standardized workshop to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-80%, and forms a feeding workshop without pathogenic bacteria through air purification. After many years of efforts, the agkistrodon acutus is raised in a standardized workshop, the successive transfer breeding from the first filial generation to the second filial generation is completed, an artificial population gene library of the agkistrodon acutus is established, the agkistrodon acutus is greatly raised in an artificial environment, sufficient food is provided due to the fact that hibernation and continuous feeding are broken, the growth speed of the agkistrodon acutus is accelerated, and the interference of diseases such as stomatitis, pneumonia and parasites is avoided due to the fact that the agkistrodon acutus is raised in the workshop without pathogenic bacteria. The survival rate of the long-term feeding can be greatly improved, and the change of wild agkistrodon acutus into domestic feeding becomes possible. The standardized culture technology of the agkistrodon acutus is successful, can be popularized in the national agkistrodon acutus production areas, promotes the artificial culture scale of the agkistrodon acutus, and has great economic value and ecological value.
Through previous ecological research, the survival rate of the first filial generation of the agkistrodon acutus is lower than 10% and the growth of the agkistrodon acutus is slower in a wild environment. By adopting the standardized breeding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, 1200 snakes of the first filial generation are thrown in 2017 in 9 months, 900 snakes continuously survive in 2019 in two years in 9 months, the survival rate of the young snakes reaches 75%, the average body weight is about 11 g and is over 600 g, and some snakes grow to 1600 g, which has never been achieved in the past.
Thus, the effects of the present invention may include: firstly, the agkistrodon acutus is raised in a standardized raising workshop, because the artificial environment has clean interference without pathogenic bacteria, and the continuous raising is realized by breaking hibernation, the continuous survival rate of the agkistrodon acutus raising is high, the growth is fast, the mass raising can be realized, the next generation of the agkistrodon acutus can be obtained, the artificial population is expanded, the population quantity of the wild agkistrodon acutus is protected, the continuous utilization can be realized for a long time, the ecological benefit is great, and the contribution is made to the protection of the precious species in China. Secondly, the agkistrodon acutus venom is extracted from healthy disease-free agkistrodon acutus under clean conditions, so that the quality of the agkistrodon acutus venom can be ensured, and the agkistrodon acutus venom is supplied to a biological pharmaceutical factory to produce defibrase and blood clotting enzyme injection, and serves human health.
In summary, in the standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus provided by the present application, a plurality of wild agkistrodon acutus species are obtained, and bred to obtain a plurality of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus juveniles, and the plurality of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus juveniles are bred for a first predetermined time to obtain a plurality of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus adult juveniles, and then a first predetermined number of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus adult juveniles are selected from the plurality of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus adult juveniles as sub-generation agkistrodon acutus species, so that the plurality of sub-generation agkistrodon acutus juveniles can be bred, thereby realizing the reproduction of agkistrodon acutus, and extracting snake venom from the rest sub-generation agkistrodon acutus adult juveniles for commercial application, thereby realizing the economic and commercial value of agkistrodon acutus, and cultivating agkistrodon acutus at each stage according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard, the illumination management standard, the food management standard, the standardized culture of the agkistrodon acutus can be realized, so that the survival rate of the agkistrodon acutus can be improved, the culture scale is enlarged, the number of artificial populations is increased, the commercialization and industrialization are realized, the contribution to human health is made, and the ecological value of the agkistrodon acutus is improved. In addition, in the standardized culture method of the agkistrodon acutus, the artificial population gene libraries of the agkistrodon acutus of different age groups are established, so that abundant test data are provided for the subsequent technical research of the agkistrodon acutus.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A standardized cultivation method of agkistrodon acutus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a plurality of wild species of Agkistrodon acutus, and mating and culturing the wild species of Agkistrodon acutus to obtain a plurality of sub-generation young Agkistrodon acutus;
s2, cultivating a plurality of sub-generation young agkistrodon acutus for a first preset time to obtain a plurality of sub-generation adult agkistrodon acutus;
s3, selecting a first preset number of the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus from a plurality of the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus as the sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus, and extracting snake venom from the rest sub-generation finished agkistrodon acutus for commercial application;
s4, mating and cultivating the first preset number of the first generation of the agkistrodon acutus species to obtain a plurality of the second generation of the agkistrodon acutus juveniles, and repeating the cultivating method of the step S2; wherein, the agkistrodon acutus in the steps S1, S2 and S4 is cultivated according to the temperature management standard, the humidity management standard, the illumination management standard, the sanitation management standard and the food management standard.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the S2 includes:
and a plurality of the first-generation young agkistrodon acutus are cultured in a one-box-one-line mode and a hibernation breaking mode, and the first preset time for culturing is 2-3 years.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step S2 of culturing the agkistrodon acutus according to the temperature management standard and the humidity management standard comprises:
the temperature range of the growth period of the young agkistrodon acutus of the next generation is 25-28 ℃, and the relative humidity range of the growth period is 60-80%.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said step S3 includes:
half of the first filial generation of the pit viper is female first filial generation of the pit viper, the other half of the first filial generation of the pit viper is male first filial generation of the pit viper, and the first filial generation of the pit viper is bred and propagated in a two-box mode.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S4 is performed according to temperature management standard, humidity management standard and food management standard, and comprises:
stopping feeding the agkistrodon acutus in 12 months of the year of mating culture to enable the agkistrodon acutus to enter a hibernation state;
controlling the temperature of a mating workshop to be reduced by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 8-12 ℃;
and adjusting the relative humidity of the hybridization workshop to 80% -90%; and the number of the first and second groups,
after two months of mating culture, controlling the temperature of the mating workshop to rise by 1 ℃ every day until the temperature of the mating workshop is adjusted to 25-28 ℃, and feeding the agkistrodon acutus.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
s5, establishing the artificial population gene library of the agkistrodon acutus.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step S5 includes:
collecting snake slough of Agkistrodon acutus of different ages, soaking the snake slough with 95% concentration ethanol, placing in a low temperature refrigerator, measuring DNA data of Agkistrodon acutus, and establishing artificial population gene library of Agkistrodon acutus according to the DNA data.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the culturing of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to the light management standard, comprising:
and arranging hidden boxes in each breeding workshop to provide rest space for the agkistrodon acutus and provide illumination conditions according with the rest of the agkistrodon acutus.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation of agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 is performed according to hygienic management standards, comprising:
the staff carries out health examination every year;
cleaning public aisles, stairways, doors, windows, the ground and stair handrails periodically every week;
keeping the wardrobe and the shoe cabinet in the changing area tidy every day, cleaning the work clothes and the work shoes periodically every week, and sterilizing;
cleaning without dirt and stains after being used in a cleaning room and a cleaning pool every day, and timely cleaning unnecessary food waste remained in the area;
regularly patrolling the sanitation of the cultivation workshop every day, timely cleaning the movable and food residues every day when the state of the agkistrodon acutus is kept, and regularly cleaning the cultivation frame every half month every week on the ground of the cultivation workshop;
keeping the clean state of the virus taking room in the non-production period, circulating the air volume of the breeding workshop, cleaning tools, electric appliances and the ground once a month, and cleaning and removing garbage in time after the work of the production virus taking period is finished every day.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the agkistrodon acutus in steps S1, S2 and S4 are cultivated according to hygienic management standards and food management standards, further comprising:
before feeding, the food is sterilized by ultraviolet lamp irradiation once, and the diaper is laid in the snake box in the breeding workshop, so that when dirty garbage exists on the diaper, the diaper is replaced in time, and the bottom of the box is cleaned.
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