CN113875549A

CN113875549A - Improvement matrix capable of improving soil property and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113875549A
Application number: CN202111215871.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐剑琼; 曾琼; 卢集富; 陈军
Original assignee: Guangzhou Huali College
Current assignee: Guangzhou Huali College
Priority date: 2021-10-19
Filing date: 2021-10-19
Publication date: 2022-01-04

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of an improved substrate capable of improving soil properties, which comprises the following steps: 1) weighing polygonum flaccidum and tea seed cake according to the weight part ratio, adding an ethanol water solution, heating, decocting, cooling and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely the plant mixed solution. 2) Taking the filtered polygonum flaccidum and the filtered residues of the tea seed cake in the step 1), airing, cutting, and grinding to obtain polygonum flaccidum mixed powder. 3) Weighing biochar, kaolin, organic fertilizer, wormcast and weathered coal, uniformly mixing, grinding, adding the plant mixed solution prepared in the step 1) and the polygonum hydropiper mixed powder prepared in the step 2), uniformly mixing, modulating to obtain a main material, uniformly scattering the mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, and performing primary fermentation. 4) Adding a water-retaining agent and water, uniformly mixing, carrying out secondary fermentation, cooling, grinding, airing after fermentation, preparing into powder, and carrying out sealed packaging to obtain the improvement matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

Description

Improvement matrix capable of improving soil property and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an improvement matrix capable of improving soil properties and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The property of urban soil is obviously changed due to the urbanization development, the urban garden green land soil is strongly influenced by artificial activities, the formation and the property of the urban garden green land soil are not necessarily connected with the natural environment, the urban garden green land soil is essentially new soil formed by artificial activities, the structure is disordered in space, and the soil types are complex and various. In addition to natural soil material, it also contains a large amount of man-made material including cement blocks, human waste, sintered brick soil and other contaminants. The urban soil is greatly influenced by human activities, and has the problems of serious pollution, low fertility, compact soil, serious alkalization, large insect damage, low moisture content and the like, so that the urban air has more dust, the greening maintenance workload is large, and the greening plants are single.

The use of soil conditioners is one of the effective methods for restoring the comprehensive productivity of soil. At present, two kinds of modifiers are mainly adopted, one kind is a natural modifier, represented by humic acids and polysaccharides, the surface of soil clay particles is covered by hydrocarbon chains, the hydration property and the swelling property of the soil clay particles are changed, and water-stable aggregates are formed; the other is an artificial synthetic modifier which comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide preparation, asphalt emulsion and the like, and the artificial synthetic modifier stabilizes soil aggregates by bonding, coating and the like, thereby playing a role in improving the soil structure. The production process of the soil conditioner is relatively complex, the manufacturing cost is high, or the soil conditioner belongs to chemical products, is easy to cause secondary environmental pollution, and has certain obstacles in large-scale popularization and use.

A method for preparing an improvement matrix capable of improving urban soil properties is disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201210203638.6, publication No. 2012.11.14. Firstly, green plant wastes are smashed to 1-3 cm, then, urban domestic sludge or livestock and poultry manure is added, the C/N ratio is adjusted to 25-30, compost is carried out after the water content is 40-60%, and compost products are obtained after compost decomposition treatment for 20-40 days. Then adding humic acid or calcium superphosphate according to the determination result of the pH, EC, density, air permeability, total nutrients, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the compost product to condition the physicochemical properties and nutrient indexes so as to meet the requirements on improving the matrix in the national forestry standard greening organic matrix (LY/T1970-2011). The improved matrix can effectively improve the fertility and the physical structure of the greening soil, improve the air permeability of the soil, reduce the volume weight of the soil, promote the recycling of wastes, have good social and ecological benefits and can be widely used for improving the physical properties of the urban soil.

However, the improved substrate is prepared by taking urea, humic acid and green plant wastes as raw materials and carrying out steps of pretreatment, compost decomposition and the like, and although the improved substrate can improve the fertility of soil to a certain extent and improve the air permeability of urban soil, the improved substrate is not beneficial to the growth of urban plants because of the fact that the improved substrate contains too much organic nutrients and is easy to cause plant diseases and insect pests.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an improvement matrix capable of improving soil properties and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: on one hand, the invention provides an improvement matrix capable of improving soil properties, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-200 parts of flaccid knotweed herb, 10-50 parts of sasangua cake, 1000 parts of biochar 100-containing materials, 50-500 parts of kaolin, 50-200 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-200 parts of wormcast, 10-100 parts of weathered coal, 1-10 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 10-100 parts of water-retaining agent.

Further, the weight ratio of the polygonum flaccidum to the tea seed cake is (1-6): 1, preferably, the ratio of the polygonum flaccidum to the camellia seed cake in parts by weight is (2-4): 1, specifically, the weight ratio of the polygonum flaccidum to the tea seed cake is 3: 1.

further, the biochar is one or more of peat, vinasse carbon, sawdust carbon, herb residue carbon, corncob carbon, rice hull carbon, peanut hull carbon, straw carbon and plant ash, preferably, the biochar is one or more of peat, vinasse carbon, sawdust carbon, herb residue carbon, corncob carbon, peanut hull carbon and plant ash, and specifically, the biochar is peanut hull carbon.

Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared from one or more of farmyard manure, compost, cake manure, stable manure, biogas manure, retting manure and green manure, preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared from one or more of farmyard manure, compost, cake manure and stable manure, and particularly, the organic fertilizer is prepared from farmyard manure through fermentation.

Further, the dosage proportion of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the wormcast is (1-10): 1, preferably, the dosage ratio of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the wormcast is (1-6): 1, specifically, the dosage ratio of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the wormcast is (2-3): (1-2):1.

Further, the moisture content of the wormcast is 10% -60%, preferably, the moisture content of the wormcast is 20% -50%, and specifically, the moisture content of the wormcast is 20% -40%.

Further, the water retaining agent comprises one or a combination of more of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl starch, potassium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide, preferably, the water retaining agent comprises one or a combination of more of carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl starch, potassium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide, and specifically, the water retaining agent comprises sodium polyacrylate and sodium carboxymethyl starch.

Further, the water retaining agent is prepared from sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium polyacrylate according to a weight part ratio of (1-10) to 1, preferably the water retaining agent is prepared from sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium polyacrylate according to a weight part ratio of (2-8) to 1, and particularly the water retaining agent is prepared from sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium polyacrylate according to a weight part ratio of (5-7) to 1.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil properties, comprising the steps of:

1) weighing polygonum flaccidum and tea seed cake according to the weight part ratio, adding an ethanol water solution, heating, decocting, cooling and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely the plant mixed solution.

2) Taking the filtered polygonum flaccidum and the filtered residues of the tea seed cake in the step 1), airing, cutting, and grinding to obtain polygonum flaccidum mixed powder.

3) Weighing biochar, kaolin, organic fertilizer, wormcast and weathered coal, uniformly mixing, grinding, adding the plant mixed solution prepared in the step 1) and the polygonum hydropiper mixed powder prepared in the step 2), uniformly mixing, modulating to obtain a main material, uniformly scattering the mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, and performing primary fermentation.

4) Adding a water-retaining agent and water, uniformly mixing, carrying out secondary fermentation, cooling, grinding, airing after fermentation, preparing into powder, and carrying out sealed packaging to obtain the improvement matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

Further, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 1% to 20%, preferably, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 1% to 15%, and specifically, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 5% to 10%.

Further, the weight part of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 1-20 times of that of the polygonum hydropiper, preferably, the weight part of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 5-15 times of that of the polygonum hydropiper, and specifically, the weight part of the ethanol aqueous solution in the step 1) is 10 times of that of the polygonum hydropiper.

Further, the temperature after temperature rise in step 1) is 50 to 100 ℃, preferably, the temperature after temperature rise in step 1) is 70 to 100 ℃, and specifically, the temperature after temperature rise in step 1) is 80 to 100 ℃.

Further, the volume of the solution after the decoction in the step 1) is 1/10-1/2 of the original volume, preferably, the volume of the solution after the decoction in the step 1) is 1/5-1/2 of the original volume, and specifically, the volume of the solution after the decoction in the step 1) is 1/4-1/2 of the original volume.

Further, the particle size of the polygonum flaccidum mixed powder in the step 2) is 50-300 meshes, preferably, the particle size of the polygonum flaccidum mixed powder in the step 2) is 50-200 meshes, and specifically, the particle size of the polygonum flaccidum mixed powder in the step 2) is 100-200 meshes.

Further, the water content of the main material in the step 3) is 10-60%, preferably the water content of the main material in the step 3) is 20-60%, and specifically the water content of the main material in the step 3) is 30-55%.

Further, the first fermentation time in the step 3) is 5-20 days, the fermentation temperature is 30-70 ℃, preferably, the first fermentation time in the step 3) is 8-15 days, the fermentation temperature is 40-70 ℃, and specifically, the first fermentation time in the step 3) is 10-12 days, and the fermentation temperature is 50-60 ℃.

Further, the second fermentation time in the step 4) is 1-15 days, the fermentation temperature is 30-50 ℃, preferably, the second fermentation time in the step 4) is 5-12 days, the fermentation temperature is 30-45 ℃, and specifically, the second fermentation time in the step 4) is 5-10 days, and the fermentation temperature is 35-45 ℃.

Further, the moisture after drying in the air in the step 4) is controlled to be 5% -30%, preferably, the moisture after drying in the air in the step 4) is controlled to be 10% -30%, and specifically, the moisture after drying in the step 4) is controlled to be 15% -25%.

Further, the powder prepared by airing in the step 4) is 1 to 20 meshes, preferably, the powder prepared by airing in the step 4) is 1 to 15 meshes, and specifically, the powder prepared by airing in the step 4) is 5 to 10 meshes.

The improved matrix is prepared by adding the polygonum hydropiper and the tea seed cake into an ethanol water solution for high-temperature boiling, so that insecticidal components in the polygonum hydropiper and the tea seed cake are effectively extracted, thereby ensuring that the improved matrix has excellent insecticidal effect, and the boiled residues of the polygonum hydropiper and the tea seed cake are reused to prepare main materials, thereby not only further increasing the insecticidal effect, but also reducing waste, uniformly mixing the raw materials such as biochar, wormcast, water-retaining agent, organic fertilizer and the like with the plant mixed solution and the mixed powder of the polygonum hydropiper, adding the mixed microbial inoculum for fermentation, and performing full fermentation reaction by utilizing the characteristic of high specific surface area of the biochar and the effect of other components under the action of the mixed microbial inoculum to ensure that the water-retaining agent and the insecticidal effective components enter the biochar to generate the improved matrix with high water retention, uniform fertilizer slow release and good insecticidal effect, the invention has the advantages of rich raw material sources, low cost, simple and convenient operation, environmental protection and safety, and is suitable for soil improvement of alkaline sandy soil, urban greening, desert greening, mine field transformation and the like.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

A method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil properties, comprising the following steps:

1) weighing 60 parts by weight of flaccid knotweed herb and 20 parts by weight of tea seed cake, adding 600 parts by weight of 5% ethanol solution, heating to 80 ℃, decocting to 1/2 volume, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a plant mixed solution.

2) Taking filtered polygonum flaccidum and tea seed cake filter residues, airing, cutting into pieces, and grinding into powder of 100 meshes to obtain polygonum flaccidum mixed powder.

3) Weighing 200 parts by weight of peanut shell carbon, 100 parts by weight of kaolin, 80 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 40 parts by weight of wormcast and 30 parts by weight of weathered coal, uniformly mixing, crushing to 100-mesh powder, adding plant mixed liquid and polygonum hydropiper mixed powder, uniformly mixing, preparing to a main material with water content of 45%, uniformly scattering 1 part by weight of mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, fermenting for 7 days, and controlling the temperature at 50 ℃.

4) Adding 30 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 400 parts by weight of water, uniformly mixing, controlling the temperature at 35 ℃, fermenting for 5 days, airing until the water content is 15%, cooling, grinding, preparing into 5-mesh powder, and hermetically packaging to obtain the improved matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

Example 2

1) weighing 75 parts by weight of flaccid knotweed herb and 25 parts by weight of sasangua cake, adding 750 parts by weight of 8% ethanol solution, heating to 90 ℃, decocting to 1/3 volume, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a plant mixed solution.

2) Taking filtered polygonum flaccidum and tea seed cake filter residues, airing, cutting into pieces, and grinding to 150-mesh powder to obtain polygonum flaccidum mixed powder.

3) Weighing 300 parts by weight of peanut shell carbon, 150 parts by weight of kaolin, 100 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 50 parts by weight of wormcast and 45 parts by weight of weathered coal, uniformly mixing, crushing to 150-mesh powder, adding plant mixed liquid and polygonum hydropiper mixed powder, uniformly mixing, preparing into a main material containing 50% of water, uniformly scattering 3 parts by weight of mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, fermenting for 10 days, and controlling the temperature at 55 ℃.

4) Adding 35 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 6 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 500 parts by weight of water, uniformly mixing, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, cooling, grinding, drying to the water content of 20%, preparing into 8-mesh powder, and sealing and packaging to obtain the improved matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

Example 3

1) weighing 90 parts by weight of flaccid knotweed herb and 30 parts by weight of tea seed cake, adding 900 parts by weight of 10% ethanol solution, heating to 100 ℃, decocting to 1/4 volume, cooling to room temperature, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a plant mixed solution.

3) Weighing 400 parts by weight of peanut shell carbon, 200 parts by weight of kaolin, 150 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 75 parts by weight of wormcast and 50 parts by weight of weathered coal, uniformly mixing, crushing to 100-mesh powder, adding plant mixed liquid and polygonum hydropiper mixed powder, uniformly mixing, preparing to main material containing 55% of water, uniformly scattering 5 parts by weight of mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, fermenting for 12 days, and controlling the temperature at 60 ℃.

4) Adding 40 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 7 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate and 600 parts by weight of water, uniformly mixing, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, fermenting for 10 days, cooling, grinding, drying to the water content of 25%, preparing into 10-mesh powder, and sealing and packaging to obtain the improved matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

Comparative example 1

The difference from the example 1 is that the plant mixed liquor is not added, the same amount of water is added, and the rest is not changed.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium polyacrylate are not added, the same amount of kaolin is added, and the rest is not changed.

Comparative example 3

An alkaline sand soil improvement substrate and a method for producing the same according to patent document CN201711106264.5 are provided as comparative example 3.

Example 4

Selecting 100kg of fine soil subjected to insecticidal treatment, adding 100 cutworms, 100 roundworm eggs, 100 golden worms and 100 earthworms, adding the improved matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil prepared by the method in the embodiment 1-3 and the improved matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil prepared by the method in the comparative example 1-2, uniformly mixing, paving a coating with the thickness of 10cm, observing for 15 days, checking the number of live insects, and calculating the death rate, wherein the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As shown in Table 1, the death rates of the cutworm, the roundworm egg and the golden needle in the soil improvement matrix prepared in the example 1, the example 2, the example 3 and the comparative example 2 are higher than that of the comparative example 1, and the death rates of the cutworm, the roundworm egg and the golden needle in the comparative example 2 are higher than that of the comparative example 1, which shows that the plant mixed solution in the invention has good insecticidal effect and does not influence the normal survival of earthworms.

Example 5

Respectively selecting 50kg of fine soil, adding the improved substrate capable of improving the property of the urban soil prepared by the method in the embodiment 1-3 and the improved substrate capable of improving the property of the urban soil prepared by the method in the comparative example 1-2, uniformly mixing, spraying 5kg of water, after the water is completely absorbed, separately placing in a box body with the same upper end opening, paving a soil layer of 5cm, adjusting the temperature to 35 ℃, placing for 10 days, weighing, and calculating the weight loss rate of the soil, wherein the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

As shown in Table 2, the weight loss rates of the soil conditioner for cities prepared by the invention are much higher than those of the soil conditioner for cities prepared by the comparative example 2 in all of examples 1, 2, 3 and 1, so that the soil conditioner for cities prepared by the invention has excellent water retention effect and can reduce water evaporation in hot environments.

Example 6

Taking the improved matrixes which are prepared by the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 and can improve the urban soil property, selecting a similar land block of a certain southern city, testing the pH value to be 9.3, simultaneously selecting a land on which common fertilizers are tried to plant lucky grooves, taking the land as a comparative example 4, planting one mu of lucky grass, and recording the results as shown in the table 3, wherein the 6-land maintenance method is the same with the frequency.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from Table 3, the improved substrate for improving urban soil properties prepared by the present invention enables the survival rate of the grown Reineckia carnea to exceed 95%, the average seedling height to be higher than 20cm, the average canopy diameter to be higher than 19cm, and the average acre yield to be higher than 1700kg, compared to the comparative example, and thus, the present invention is useful for improving the fertility of urban soil, reducing soil pests, and improving urban soil. Meanwhile, the survival rate, the average seedling height, the average canopy diameter and the average acre yield of the reineckia carnea planted on the soil improvement substrate prepared in the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are all higher than those of the comparative example 3, so that the plant mixed liquid is beneficial to killing pests or pest eggs in the soil, the survival rate of the plants is improved, the growth vigor of the plants is improved, the contained water-retaining agent is beneficial to preserving the water in the soil, the water loss is reduced, the plants are ensured to be free from drought, the survival rate and the yield of the plants are improved, and the growth vigor of the plants is improved.

Example 7

The improved substrates obtained by the methods described in examples 1-3 and comparative example 3 were tested for fertilizer efficiency as follows:

1) a self-made glass leaching device is adopted, one end of the device is used for leaching, and the other end of the device is used for collecting leaching solution.

2) During the test, a layer of quartz sand (15g) is paved at the bottom of the leaching pipe, 2000g of soil is poured, 100g of corresponding improved substrate is added, 500g of soil is poured, and finally a layer of quartz sand (100g) is paved, and leaching is carried out on the cultured days 1, 7, 10, 20 and 30 respectively.

3) For each leaching, 200mL of deionized water was used, and the leachate was collected until no more liquid was present below and was drained, and the sample was recorded as 1 sample, and the volume of the leachate was recorded, and the N content in the leachate was measured, with the test results shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

As can be seen from Table 4, the N content in the leachate of the soil improvement substrates prepared in examples 1 to 3 was still 90% or more of that of the leachate obtained in the 30 th day leaching, and the N content in the leachate was varied from 9mg to 20mg from the 1 st day to the 30 th day with little increase or decrease, whereas the N content in the soil leachate in comparative example 3 was 2 times more than that of the leachate obtained in the 1 st day and 17 times more than that of the leachate obtained in the first day than that of the leachate obtained in the 30 th day, and thus the soil improvement substrates of the present invention had excellent sustained release effects.

Claims

1. An improving substrate capable of improving soil properties, characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-200 parts of flaccid knotweed herb, 10-50 parts of sasangua cake, 1000 parts of biochar 100-containing materials, 50-500 parts of kaolin, 50-200 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-200 parts of wormcast, 10-100 parts of weathered coal, 1-10 parts of mixed microbial inoculum and 10-100 parts of water-retaining agent.

2. An amendment substrate according to claim 1 for improving the properties of soil, wherein: the weight ratio of the polygonum flaccidum to the tea seed cake is (1-6): 1.

3. the improvement matrix capable of improving soil property and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein: the dosage proportion of the biochar, the organic fertilizer and the wormcast is (1-10): (1-5):1.

4. An improving medium for improving soil properties according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the water content of the wormcast is 10% -60%.

5. An amendment substrate according to claim 1 for improving the properties of soil, wherein: the water-retaining agent is prepared from sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium polyacrylate according to the weight part ratio of (1-10) to 1.

6. A method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil property according to claims 1-5, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) weighing polygonum flaccidum and tea seed cake according to the weight part ratio, adding the polygonum flaccidum and the tea seed cake into an ethanol water solution, heating, decocting, cooling and filtering to obtain a plant mixed solution;

(2) taking the polygonum flaccidum and the tea seed cake filter residue filtered in the step (1), airing, cutting, and grinding to obtain polygonum flaccidum mixed powder;

(3) weighing biochar, kaolin, organic fertilizer, wormcast and weathered coal, uniformly mixing, grinding, adding the plant mixed solution prepared in the step (1) and the polygonum hydropiper mixed powder prepared in the step (2), uniformly mixing, modulating to obtain a main material, uniformly scattering a mixed microbial inoculum on the main material, and performing primary fermentation;

(4) adding a water-retaining agent and water, uniformly mixing, carrying out secondary fermentation, cooling, grinding, airing after fermentation, preparing into powder, and carrying out sealed packaging to obtain the improvement matrix capable of improving the property of the urban soil.

7. The method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil property according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (1), the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 1-20%, the weight of the ethanol aqueous solution is 1-20 times of that of the polygonum hydropiper, the temperature is 50-100 ℃ after the temperature is raised, and the volume of the boiled solution is 1/10-1/2 of the original volume.

8. The method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil property according to claim 6, wherein: the particle size of the polygonum flaccidum mixed powder in the step (2) is 50-300 meshes.

9. The method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil property according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (3), the water content of the main material is 10-60%, the first fermentation time is 5-20 days, and the fermentation temperature is 30-70 ℃.

10. The method for preparing an improving substrate capable of improving soil property according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (4), the second fermentation time is 1-15 days, the fermentation temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the moisture after air drying is controlled at 5-30%.