CN113864564A - Multiple damping intercooling pipeline - Google Patents

Multiple damping intercooling pipeline Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113864564A
CN113864564A CN202111106796.5A CN202111106796A CN113864564A CN 113864564 A CN113864564 A CN 113864564A CN 202111106796 A CN202111106796 A CN 202111106796A CN 113864564 A CN113864564 A CN 113864564A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
vibration
damping
piston
rubber
intercooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202111106796.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王光辉
王超
杨于奇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology Co Ltd
Zhejiang Zero Run Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Zero Run Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Zero Run Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Zero Run Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111106796.5A priority Critical patent/CN113864564A/en
Publication of CN113864564A publication Critical patent/CN113864564A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/033Noise absorbers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/045Constructional details of the heat exchangers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation, materials, or manufacturing and assembly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple vibration reduction intercooling pipeline which comprises a pipe body and a vibration reduction structure, wherein two ends of the pipe body are provided with bushings for sealing, the vibration reduction structure comprises a first vibration reduction structure for axial vibration reduction and a second vibration reduction structure for radial vibration reduction, the second vibration reduction structure comprises a support, a support plate and a vibration absorber, the support is fixedly connected with the support plate, the support plate is connected with a vehicle body through the vibration absorber, and a convex block for limiting the rotation of the support is arranged on the pipe body. The invention provides a multiple vibration reduction intercooling pipeline, which realizes the function that the intercooling pipeline for a supercharged engine automobile has multiple vibration reduction to attenuate vibration transmission.

Description

Multiple damping intercooling pipeline
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline equipment, in particular to a multiple vibration reduction intercooling pipeline.
Background
The supercharged engine vehicle is a gasoline, diesel, hybrid vehicle or the like equipped with a supercharged engine. The vehicle type carrying the supercharged engine means that an intercooling system for cooling air after supercharging is provided, the intercooling system comprises an intercooler assembly and an intercooling hot end pipeline, the intercooling pipeline is arranged in a related manner of being mounted on a vehicle body, and the intercooling pipeline is directly mounted on the vehicle body, so that the vibration of the engine is easily transmitted to the vehicle body through the pipeline, the vibration of the vehicle body is caused, and a vehicle user or a passenger feels uncomfortable, therefore, the problem of attenuation of the vibration transmission of the intercooling pipeline is urgently solved in order to meet driving and riding comfort.
When the existing common intercooling pipeline is installed on a vehicle body, single-stage vibration reduction is carried out only through the T-shaped bushing and the rubber damping pad, the requirement on the rubber damping pad is high, the rigidity and the structure of rubber are related, and the vibration reduction effect is poor; the damping form of the intercooling pipeline for some supercharged engine automobiles is realized by adding a rubber damping pad on a T-shaped bushing, and the problems of poor damping effect, incomplete damping and the like exist. The traditional vibration-damping-free intercooling pipeline or a single vibration-damping structure intercooling pipeline has the defects of no vibration-damping effect or poor vibration-damping effect, prominent NVH problem and the like, and is easy to transmit vibration to a vehicle body to cause discomfort or complaint of customers.
For example, a chinese patent document discloses a "middle cooling pipeline", whose publication No. CN103697258B includes a first pipe, a metal pipe and a second pipe connected in sequence, wherein the first pipe and the second pipe are made of heat-resistant rubber, and a metal wire support is disposed inside the pipe walls of the first pipe and the second pipe. By selecting the heat-resistant rubber as the material of the intercooling pipeline, the intercooling pipeline can be used as a conveying channel of high-temperature air for a long time and is not deformed. The heat-resistant rubber has high elasticity, so that the intercooling pipeline can effectively buffer vibration generated during the operation of an engine and attenuate the vibration to protect the intercooler, the metal wire support bodies are arranged inside the pipe walls of the first pipe body and the second pipe body to reinforce the intercooling pipeline, the negative pressure resistance of the intercooling pipeline is improved, the phenomenon that the intercooling pipeline is easy to suck and deflate in the high-temperature air conveying process is avoided, the defects are that the vibration attenuation effect is poor, the NVH problem is prominent, and the function of transmitting and attenuating the vibration through the intercooling pipeline cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that vibration of an engine is transmitted to a vehicle body through a pipeline to cause vehicle body vibration and cause discomfort to a vehicle user or passengers in the prior art, and provides a multiple vibration reduction intercooling pipeline which realizes the function that the intercooling pipeline for a supercharged engine automobile has multiple vibration reduction to attenuate vibration transmission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the multiple vibration reduction intercooling pipeline comprises a pipe body and vibration reduction structures, wherein bushings used for sealing are arranged at two ends of the pipe body, each vibration reduction structure comprises a first vibration reduction structure used for axial vibration reduction and a second vibration reduction structure used for radial vibration reduction, each second vibration reduction structure comprises a support, a support plate and a vibration absorber, the supports are fixedly connected with the support plates, the support plates are connected with a vehicle body through the vibration absorbers, and convex blocks used for limiting the rotation of the supports are arranged on the pipe body. The liner is located on the inner wall of the junction at the two ends of the pipe body and is used for supporting the pipe orifice and preventing the deformation or damage of the stress of the pipe orifice, the liner is also used for sealing and preventing high-pressure air from escaping, the first vibration damping structure is located at the junction of the support and the pipe body and is used for axial vibration damping, a bagged sealing bag made of polymer materials such as polyurethane is further arranged at the junction of the support and the pipe body, a water swelling water stopping strip is arranged in the sealing bag, the polymer materials such as polyurethane can only permeate air and cannot permeate liquid, the water swelling water stopping strip is a unique new rubber product and is a general name of a greasy water stopping strip and a product water stopping strip with water swelling performance, and the rubber generates 2-3 times of swelling deformation after meeting water and is full of all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of seams, and simultaneously generates huge contact pressure to prevent leakage. When high-pressure air leaked at the junction part of support and body, vapor in the high-pressure air permeated through the sealing package reacted with the water-swelling sealing rod, the sealing package expanded for the sealing package formed interference fit with the junction of support and body, thoroughly prevented the seepage, the body passed through the shock absorber with the automobile body and was connected, the shock absorber was used for radial damping, was equipped with the lug on the body, prevented that the support is rotatory.
Preferably, the first vibration damping structure comprises a rubber vibration damping pad and a rubber vibration damping pad extension structure formed by extending the rubber vibration damping pad to two ends, and the rubber vibration damping pad comprises a vibration damping layer made of an impact-resistant material and a rubber layer in contact with the bracket. The rubber damping pad morphological structure is reformed transform into three-dimensional form by original slice, and rubber damping pad increases on original basis and extends to both ends, and sets up the glue film at rubber damping pad and body contact site, can increase the area of contact of rubber damping pad like this and play the fixed effect of rubber damping pad, sets up the shockproof layer in the glue film, improves the performance of anti-vibration and shock resistance.
Preferably, the surface of the rubber layer is provided with a tooth-shaped structure for increasing friction force, and the vibration-proof layer is bonded with the rubber layer. The contact part of the rubber layer and the pipe body is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, so that the surface friction force is increased, and the condition that the rubber vibration damping pad falls off is not easy to occur; the cementing is a process method for connecting two cementing pieces by utilizing mechanical binding force, physical adsorption force and chemical bonding force generated by an adhesive on a connecting surface, the cementing is not only suitable for the same material, but also suitable for different materials, the cementing process is simple and convenient, complex process equipment is not needed, and the cementing operation does not need to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure, so that the cementing pieces are not easy to deform, the stress distribution of the joints is uniform, and the cementing joints have good tightness, electrical insulation and corrosion resistance under normal conditions.
Preferably, the support plate is T-shaped. The backup pad is the setting of the second damping structure of being convenient for of T type.
Preferably, the shock absorber comprises a piston cylinder, a piston and a piston rod, one end of the piston rod is connected with the piston, and the other end of the piston rod is connected with the port of the piston cylinder in a sliding manner. When the pipe body generates longitudinal vibration, the piston in the vibration absorber is driven to move up and down, so that the longitudinal vibration is reduced.
Preferably, the piston rod drives the piston to reciprocate in the piston cylinder, and oil is arranged in the piston cylinder. When the piston reciprocates, fluid flows, and the friction between the inner wall of the piston cylinder and the fluid and the internal friction of fluid molecules form damping force on the piston which reciprocates, so that vibration energy is converted into fluid heat energy, and then the heat is dissipated through the heat conducting plate on the outer side wall of the piston cylinder.
Preferably, the piston is provided with a plurality of through holes for passing oil. When the piston moves up and down, oil in the piston cylinder flows back and forth to the other side of the piston through the through hole in the piston.
Preferably, the vibration absorber is provided with an elastic body for absorbing vibration and reducing noise, and the elastic body is sleeved outside the piston cylinder. The elastomer is sleeved outside the piston cylinder, and when the piston moves up and down, the elastomer is compressed or stretched to further reduce vibration.
Preferably, the pipe body is L-shaped, one end of the pipe body is connected with the engine through a bolt, and the other end of the pipe body is connected with the vehicle body through a bolt. The body is the L type for the relative position of adaptation engine and automobile body, body and engine and automobile body all pass through bolted connection, convenient to detach.
Preferably, the bottom of the pipe body is provided with a plurality of friction plates for friction and vibration reduction, the vehicle body is provided with a plurality of fixing plates, the friction plates are matched with the fixing plates, and the contact positions of the friction plates and the fixing plates are provided with elastic gaskets. The friction plates at the bottom of the pipe body are matched with the fixing plates on the automobile body to play a role in friction and vibration reduction, and elastic gaskets are arranged at the contact positions of the friction plates and the fixing plates to prevent the friction plates and the fixing plates from being abraded and further enhance the vibration and noise reduction effect.
Preferably, the pipe of the flow channel structure of the pipe body is a corrugated blow-molded pipe for vibration isolation. The corrugated blow molding pipeline is used as a vibration isolation structure of the pipeline, other redundant damping structures are omitted, the structure is simple, and the space is saved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the vibration reduction device has the function of damping vibration transmission by multiple vibration reduction, and can reduce vibration axially and radially; (2) the vibration absorber converts vibration energy into heat energy; (3) through bolted connection, convenient to detach.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first vibration damping structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the shock absorber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of example four of the present invention.
In the figure: the damping structure comprises a bushing 1, a pipe body 2, a damping structure 3, a first damping structure 3.1, a rubber damping pad 3.1.1, a rubber damping pad extension structure 3.1.2, a second damping structure 3.2, a support 4, a lug 5, a support plate 6, a damper 7, a vibration-proof layer 8, a glue layer 9, a tooth-shaped structure 10, a piston cylinder 11, a piston 12, a piston rod 13, oil 14, a through hole 15, a friction plate 17 and a fixing plate 18.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, including body 2 and damping structure 3, the both ends of body 2 are equipped with and are used for sealed bush 1, damping structure 3 is including the first damping structure 3.1 that is used for the axial damping and the second damping structure 3.2 that is used for radial damping, second damping structure 3.2 includes support 4, backup pad 6 and shock absorber 7, support 4 and backup pad 6 fixed connection, backup pad 6 passes through shock absorber 7 and is connected with the automobile body, be equipped with on body 2 and be used for restricting the rotatory lug 5 of support 4, backup pad 6 is the T type, the body is the L type, the one end of body 2 passes through bolted connection with the engine, the other end and the automobile body of body 2 pass through bolted connection, the pipeline of the runner structure of body is the ripple blow molding pipeline that is used for the vibration isolation.
In the technical scheme, the bushing 1 is positioned on the inner wall of the joint of the two ends of the pipe body 2 and is used for supporting the pipe orifice and preventing the pipe orifice from being deformed or damaged by stress, and is also used for sealing and preventing high-pressure air from escaping, the first vibration damping structure 3.1 is positioned at the joint of the bracket 4 and the pipe body 2 and is used for damping vibration axially, a bagged sealing bag made of polyurethane and other polymer materials is further arranged at the joint of the bracket 4 and the pipe body 2, a water-swelling sealing strip is arranged in the sealing bag and can only permeate air and liquid, the water-swelling sealing strip is a unique new rubber product and is a general name of a greasy type sealing strip and a product type sealing strip with water swelling performance, the rubber can generate 2-3 times of swelling deformation after meeting water, is filled with all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of seams and simultaneously generates huge contact pressure, preventing leakage; when high-pressure air leaks at the joint of the support 4 and the tube body 2, water vapor in the high-pressure air permeates through the sealing bag to react with the water swelling water stop strip, and the sealing bag swells, so that the sealing bag and the joint of the support 4 and the tube body 2 form interference fit, leakage is completely prevented, the tube body 2 is connected with a vehicle body through a shock absorber 7, the shock absorber 7 is used for radial shock absorption, and the tube body 2 is provided with a bump 5 to prevent the support 4 from rotating; the support plate 6 is T-shaped, so that the second vibration reduction structure 3.2 can be arranged conveniently; the pipe body 2 is L-shaped and is used for adapting the relative position of the engine and the vehicle body, and the pipe body 2, the engine and the vehicle body are connected through bolts, so that the disassembly is convenient; the corrugated blow molding pipeline is used as a vibration isolation structure of the pipeline, other redundant damping structures are omitted, the structure is simple, and the space is saved.
The second embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the first vibration damping structure 3.1 includes a rubber vibration damping pad 3.1.1 and a rubber vibration damping pad extension structure 3.1.2 formed by extending the rubber vibration damping pad 3.1.1 to both ends, and the rubber vibration damping pad 3.1.1 includes a vibration damping layer 8 made of an impact-resistant material and a rubber layer 9 in contact with the bracket 4; the surface of the glue layer 9 is provided with a dentate structure 10 for increasing friction force, and the anti-vibration layer 8 is glued with the glue layer 9.
In the technical scheme, the shape structure of the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 is transformed into a three-dimensional shape from an original sheet shape, the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 is additionally extended towards two ends on the original basis, and the contact part of the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 and the pipe body 2 is provided with the adhesive layer 9, so that the contact area of the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 can be increased and the fixing effect of the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 is achieved, and the anti-vibration and anti-impact performance is improved by arranging the anti-vibration layer 8 in the adhesive layer 9; the contact part of the rubber layer 9 and the pipe body 2 is provided with a dentate structure 10, so that the surface friction force is increased, and the condition that the rubber damping pad 3.1.1 falls off is not easy to occur; the cementing is a process method for connecting two cementing pieces by utilizing mechanical binding force, physical adsorption force and chemical bonding force generated by an adhesive on a connecting surface, the cementing is not only suitable for the same material, but also suitable for different materials, the cementing process is simple and convenient, complex process equipment is not needed, and the cementing operation does not need to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure, so that the cementing pieces are not easy to deform, the stress distribution of the joints is uniform, and the cementing joints have good tightness, electrical insulation and corrosion resistance under normal conditions.
The third concrete embodiment:
as shown in fig. 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, the shock absorber 7 comprises a piston cylinder 1, a piston 12 and a piston rod 13, wherein one end of the piston rod 13 is connected with the piston 12, and the other end of the piston rod 13 is slidably connected with a port of the piston cylinder 11; the piston rod 13 drives the piston 12 to reciprocate in the piston cylinder 11, and oil 14 is arranged in the piston cylinder 11; the piston 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes 15 for passing oil 14; the vibration absorber 7 is provided with an elastomer for vibration and noise reduction, and the elastomer is sleeved outside the piston cylinder 11.
In the technical scheme, when the pipe body generates longitudinal vibration, the piston 12 in the shock absorber 7 is driven to move up and down, so that the longitudinal vibration is reduced; when the piston 12 moves up and down, the oil 14 flows, at the moment, the friction between the inner wall of the piston cylinder 11 and the oil 14 and the internal friction of oil 14 molecules form damping force on the piston 12 moving up and down, so that vibration energy is converted into oil 14 heat energy, the heat energy is dissipated through the heat conducting plate on the outer side wall of the piston cylinder 11, and when the piston 12 moves up and down, the oil 14 in the piston cylinder 11 flows back and forth to the other side of the piston 12 through the through hole 15 on the piston 12; the elastic body is sleeved outside the piston cylinder 11, and when the piston 12 moves up and down, the elastic body is compressed or stretched to further reduce vibration.
The fourth concrete embodiment:
as shown in fig. 4, in embodiment 3, a plurality of friction plates 17 for friction damping are disposed at the bottom of the pipe body 2, a plurality of fixing plates 18 are disposed on the vehicle body, the friction plates 17 are fitted with the fixing plates 18, and elastic gaskets are disposed at the contact positions of the friction plates 17 and the fixing plates 18.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of friction discs 17 of the bottom of body 2 and a plurality of fixed plate 18 adaptations on the automobile body play the effect of friction damping, and friction disc 17 is equipped with the resilient pad with fixed plate 18 contact department, prevents friction disc 17 and fixed plate 18 wearing and tearing, and has further strengthened damping noise reduction effect.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the vibration reduction device has the function of damping vibration transmission by multiple vibration reduction, and can reduce vibration axially and radially; (2) the vibration absorber converts vibration energy into heat energy; (3) through bolted connection, convenient to detach.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a cold pipeline in multiple damping, includes body (2) and damping structure (3), its characterized in that: the two ends of the pipe body (2) are provided with bushings (1) for sealing, the vibration damping structure (3) comprises a first vibration damping structure (3.1) for axial vibration damping and a second vibration damping structure (3.2) for radial vibration damping, the second vibration damping structure (3.2) comprises a support (4), a support plate (6) and a vibration damper (7), the support (4) is fixedly connected with the support plate (6), the support plate (6) is connected with a vehicle body through the vibration damper (7), and a convex block (5) for limiting the rotation of the support (4) is arranged on the pipe body (2).
2. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first vibration damping structure (3.1) comprises a rubber vibration damping pad (3.1.1) and a rubber vibration damping pad extension structure (3.1.2) formed by extending the rubber vibration damping pad (3.1.1) to two ends, and the rubber vibration damping pad (3.1.1) comprises a vibration damping layer (8) made of an anti-impact material and a rubber layer (9) contacted with the support (4).
3. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 2, wherein: the surface of the rubber layer (9) is provided with a tooth-shaped structure (10) for increasing friction force, and the anti-vibration layer (8) is connected with the rubber layer (9) in a gluing mode.
4. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 1, wherein: the shock absorber (7) comprises a piston cylinder (11), a piston (12) and a piston rod (13), wherein one end of the piston rod (13) is connected with the piston (12), and the other end of the piston rod (13) is connected with a port of the piston cylinder (11) in a sliding mode.
5. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 4, wherein: the piston rod (13) drives the piston (12) to reciprocate in the piston cylinder (11), and oil (14) is arranged in the piston cylinder (11).
6. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 5, wherein: the piston (12) is provided with a plurality of through holes (15) for passing oil (14).
7. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 1 or 4, wherein: and the vibration absorber (7) is provided with an elastomer for vibration and noise reduction, and the elastomer is sleeved outside the piston cylinder (11).
8. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 1, wherein: the body is the L type, the one end and the engine of body (2) pass through bolted connection, the other end and the automobile body of body (2) pass through bolted connection.
9. The multiple damping intercooling circuit of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of body (2) is equipped with a plurality of friction discs (17) that are used for friction damping, be equipped with a plurality of fixed plates (18) on the automobile body, friction disc (17) and fixed plate (18) adaptation, friction disc (17) and fixed plate (18) contact department are equipped with the gasket.
10. A multiple damping intercooling circuit as claimed in claim 1, 8 or 9, wherein: the pipeline of the flow passage structure of the pipe body is a corrugated blow molding pipeline for vibration isolation.
CN202111106796.5A 2021-09-22 2021-09-22 Multiple damping intercooling pipeline Pending CN113864564A (en)

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CN202111106796.5A CN113864564A (en) 2021-09-22 2021-09-22 Multiple damping intercooling pipeline

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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(苏联)B.M.安东诺夫等著;王红岩,芮强,高连华等译, 国防工业出版社 *

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