CN113860836B - Degradable ecological gypsum brick and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Degradable ecological gypsum brick and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113860836B CN113860836B CN202111180452.9A CN202111180452A CN113860836B CN 113860836 B CN113860836 B CN 113860836B CN 202111180452 A CN202111180452 A CN 202111180452A CN 113860836 B CN113860836 B CN 113860836B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of ecological building materials, and particularly discloses a degradable ecological gypsum brick and a preparation method and application thereof. The degradable ecological gypsum brick comprises the following components: plaster of paris, diatom ooze, grass seeds, natural fertilizer, hardness reinforcing agent, water-retaining agent, surfactant, natural colorant, degradable granular balls and water; the degradable granular ball comprises a ball shell and a ball core, wherein the ball shell is made of degradable natural fibers, and degradation liquid is filled in the ball core. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing degradable granular balls, and respectively preparing a natural fertilizer and a hardness enhancer; mixing the obtained components with other components and uniformly stirring to obtain ecological gypsum mud; then the ecological gypsum mud is put into a mould to be kept stand to obtain a formed gypsum adobe; and drying the gypsum brick blank to obtain the ecological gypsum brick. The application discloses ecological gypsum brick of degradable is used for the slope of highway both sides, lake river edge to build admittedly, and it has bank protection soil stabilization in earlier stage, and later stage is degradation by oneself, reduces environmental pollution's advantage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of ecological building materials, in particular to a degradable ecological gypsum brick and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of the construction industry, a series of environmental problems are brought along while the construction is developed, such as the destruction of the environment in large batch, the rapid reduction of natural resources and energy, the generation of large batch of construction wastes, and the like. These not only have great influence on the environment, but also on the health of people, so that the development of building materials draws high attention.
In the process of building infrastructures such as highways, railways and water conservancy in China, a large number of exposed soil slopes and rock slopes are formed due to a large number of filling and digging, vegetation damage, water and soil loss and ecological imbalance along the highways and railways are caused, and even mountain collapse and landslide are caused. Therefore, technical measures are needed to protect and green the side slope. The existing method for protecting and greening the side slope utilizes the gypsum soil vegetation building materials, namely, vegetation seeds are added into gypsum bricks, and the gypsum bricks are utilized to support and reinforce the side slope so as to keep the side slope stable; the vegetation growing from the gypsum is utilized to afforest the side slope, so that the vegetation is recovered, the ecological balance is recovered, and water and soil are kept, thereby realizing the purposes of protecting and afforesting the side slope.
However, the method has a plurality of problems, such as too low hardness of the gypsum brick, and no supporting and reinforcing effect on the slope; the density of the gypsum bricks is not favorable for vegetation seed germination and influences vegetation growth; even if vegetation grows, the gypsum brick can not degrade by itself, and the vegetation can not only be influenced to grow in the later period, but also the environment can be polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to enable the gypsum brick to be automatically degraded in the later growth stage of vegetation and reduce environmental pollution, the application provides a degradable ecological gypsum brick and a preparation method and application thereof.
First aspect, this application provides degradable ecological gypsum brick, adopts following technical scheme:
the degradable ecological gypsum brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 500-700 parts of plaster of paris, 50-160 parts of diatom ooze, 95-126 parts of grass seeds, 51-85 parts of natural fertilizer, 10-25 parts of hardness reinforcing agent, 2.0-7.0 parts of water-retaining agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of surfactant, 2.0-6.5 parts of natural colorant, 4.5-13.5 parts of degradable granular balls and 220-340 parts of water; the degradable particle ball comprises a ball shell and a ball core, wherein the ball shell is made of degradable natural fibers, and degradation liquid is filled in the ball core.
By adopting the technical scheme, the diatom ooze is added into the ecological gypsum brick, so that raw material gypsum can be saved, various harmful gases around the brick can be absorbed, and the heat preservation effect can be achieved; the addition of the hardness reinforcing agent effectively reduces the characteristics of brittleness and softness of the gypsum, and improves the hardness of the ecological gypsum brick; the natural colorant is doped to make the ecological gypsum brick break the traditional color-white, and the ecological gypsum brick can be made into different colors according to local characteristics, so that the aim of environmental protection is fulfilled, and certain ornamental value is achieved. The degradable granular balls are arranged in the ecological gypsum brick, degradation liquid cannot permeate into the brick body due to the coating effect of the ball shell in the early stage, and the ecological gypsum brick plays a main role in protecting slope and fixing soil. As grass seeds slowly germinate and root from the ecological gypsum bricks and grow into dense vegetation, the spherical shells of the degradable granular balls are gradually degraded, degradation liquid in the spherical cores permeates into the bricks and reacts with gypsum to gradually degrade the ecological gypsum bricks, and meanwhile, the roots of the vegetation are continuously rooted in the deep soil. After the ecological gypsum bricks are completely degraded, vegetation with strong root systems replaces the ecological gypsum bricks to play a role in slope protection and soil stabilization, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, the ecological reduction is realized, and the aims of green, environmental protection and safety building are fulfilled.
Preferably, the ecological gypsum brick further comprises 3.2-9.5 parts by weight of a plant adhesive.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plant adhesive is added into the ecological gypsum brick, and at the initial use stage of the ecological gypsum brick, due to the viscosity of the plant adhesive, the interiors of the ecological gypsum brick are mutually bonded to generate a certain traction force, so that the hardness of the ecological gypsum brick is enhanced; the adjacent bricks outside the ecological gypsum brick are mutually bonded after being wetted, so that a tight net is formed between the bricks, and rainwater is prevented from entering soil to weaken the soil fixing effect of the ecological gypsum brick slope protection. When grass seeds start to germinate after being insulated in the ecological gypsum brick, the viscosity of the plant adhesive is gradually ineffective, the traction force in the ecological gypsum brick is reduced, the internal structure of the ecological gypsum brick starts to be conveyed, and the grass buds can conveniently break the brick and then come out.
Preferably, the spherical shell comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane, the inner membrane is a mesoporous silica hollow sphere, the outer membrane is made of viscose fibers, and the outer membrane covers the inner membrane.
By adopting the technical scheme, the inner membrane is used as a framework and is filled with degradation liquid, and the outer membrane coats the inner membrane, so that the degradation liquid in the inner membrane cannot flow out in the early stage; the inner membrane adopts mesoporous silica hollow spheres, and degradation liquid is released through the mesopores, so that the acetic acid is conveniently loaded into the mesoporous silica hollow spheres through the mesopores.
Preferably, the degradation liquid is an acetic acid solution, and sodium carbonate powder is doped in the outer membrane.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after the spherical shell of degradable granule ball degrades gradually along with the lapse of time, sodium carbonate powder exposes to meet water and takes place the reaction with the principal ingredients calcium sulfate of plaster of paris and changes into calcium carbonate, and the acetic acid solution in the core of ball exposes as the degradation liquid stream, takes place chemical reaction again with calcium carbonate, just can decompose the plaster of paris to make ecological gypsum brick degrade.
Preferably, the natural fertilizer comprises animal wastes, egg shells, animal bone powder and plant powder; the ratio of the animal wastes, the egg shells, the animal bone powder and the plant powder in parts by weight is 2: 3.5: 1: 2.
by adopting the technical scheme, the eggshells contain various trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like to promote the nutrient absorption of the roots of the vegetations, and the animal bone powder contains rich mineral substances and phosphorus and potassium elements to supplement the growth nutrients of plants. The plant powder can not only provide nutrients for the growth of grass seeds, but also cover up the peculiar smell generated by the fermentation of animal excrement and animal bone powder and reduce the generation of unpleasant smell.
Preferably, the hardness enhancer comprises sulphoaluminate cement, lime and plant fibres; the weight part ratio of the sulphoaluminate cement to the lime to the plant fiber is 1.5: 1: 2.5.
by adopting the technical scheme, the addition of the sulphoaluminate cement improves the flexural strength and the compressive strength of the ecological gypsum brick, improves the water resistance of the ecological gypsum brick and reduces the water consumption for the standard consistency of the ecological gypsum brick. The addition of the lime reacts with acidic substances in the gypsum to generate insoluble salts, changes the pH value of the salts and greatly improves the mechanical property of the ecological gypsum brick. Meanwhile, calcium carbonate with low solubility is generated by adding lime into water and wraps the periphery of the plaster of paris, so that the water resistance of the plaster of paris is enhanced. In addition, the mixing of the sulphoaluminate cement and the lime can accelerate the hydration process and shorten the setting time. The plant fiber is mixed into the plaster to form a net structure with a restraint effect, and the breaking strength, the compression strength and the toughness of the plaster are further improved. Experimental data proves that sulphoaluminate cement, lime and plant fibers are added into the ecological gypsum brick, so that the hardness of the ecological gypsum brick can be effectively improved, the ecological gypsum brick is degradable, and meanwhile, certain hardness is kept at the initial stage of use, and the effects of slope protection and soil fixation are achieved.
Preferably, charcoal is selected as the water retaining agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the charcoal with good water absorption performance and water retention performance is used as the water retention agent, so that the water evaporation in the ecological gypsum brick can be effectively inhibited, sufficient water is provided for the rooting and germination of grass seeds, and the charcoal is loose and porous and can keep good growth vigor under the drought condition; the charcoal also contains elements such as phosphorus, calcium, boron, potassium and the like, and can stimulate the growth and development of root systems of crops, so that the length of the roots is increased and the number of the roots is increased; in addition, charcoal powder is also a good preservative, and can effectively prevent grass seeds from rotting and the like. In the later stage, after the ecological gypsum bricks are degraded, the charcoal continuously permeates into the soil, the saturated water content of the soil is improved, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is reduced, so that the speed of releasing water from the soil is slowed down, the permeation and the loss of soil moisture are reduced, and the purpose of water retention is achieved.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a degradable ecological gypsum brick, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a degradable ecological gypsum brick comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: preparing degradable granular balls, and respectively preparing a natural fertilizer and a hardness reinforcing agent;
s2, mixing materials: slowly pouring plaster into cold water, adding a hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to form a paste, sequentially adding diatom ooze, grass seeds, a natural fertilizer, a water-retaining agent, a surfactant, a colorant and degradable particles, continuously and uniformly stirring for 15-25 min, finally adding a plant adhesive, and stirring for 5-10 min to obtain ecological plaster ooze;
S3, press forming: putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 2-3 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank;
s4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at the temperature of 60-85 ℃ for 10 hours to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick.
By adopting the technical scheme, after some components are pretreated or pre-prepared in advance, the added components are sequentially put into cold water for stirring instead of adding water into the components for stirring, so that the calcined gypsum and the components can be uniformly mixed in a water adding mode, and the calcined gypsum is not easy to agglomerate; in addition, after the plaster of paris is added, the hardness reinforcing agent is added firstly, so that the hardness reinforcing agent, the plaster of paris and water can be mixed more uniformly and are easy to stir; and finally, the plant adhesive is added, so that the condition that the stirring force needs to be increased due to the viscosity of the plant adhesive can be avoided, and the burden of workers is effectively reduced. After the pressing and forming, standing for one or two days to evaporate most of water, and slowly drying the water at a low temperature, wherein the finally prepared ecological gypsum brick is firm and thick and is not easy to crack; the whole process is simple to operate, and is fast in forming and high in efficiency.
Preferably, the method for preparing the degradable particles in step S1 is: firstly, placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere in an acetic acid solution, oscillating for 3 hours, then placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere filled with the acetic acid in viscose fibers doped with sodium carbonate powder, stirring for 2 hours, taking out and airing to obtain the degradable particles.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, immerse the mesoporous silica hollow sphere in the acetic acid solution, make the acetic acid solution enter into the mesoporous silica hollow sphere through the mesopore through the oscillation, take out the back with it and stir in the viscose fiber that mixes with sodium carbonate powder, because viscose fiber itself has viscidity, viscose fiber attaches on mesoporous silica hollow sphere surface with sodium carbonate powder to wrap up the mesoporous silica hollow sphere, make the acetic acid solution difficult for flowing out. The preparation method is safe, environment-friendly, fast, convenient and practical.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the degradable ecological gypsum brick, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the application of the degradable ecological gypsum brick is used for slope building of two sides of a road and edges of lakes and rivers.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize slopes such as the fixed highway both sides of degradable ecological gypsum brick, lake river, because the firm stable characteristic of degradable ecological gypsum brick in earlier stage can play fine bank protection and soil stabilization effect, in the later stage because the vegetation rhizome that has grown out in the degradable ecological gypsum brick has deepened soil, vegetation itself can play the effect that the bank protection was soil stabilization, and degradable ecological gypsum brick just slowly degrades, reaches ecological environmental protection, returns natural purpose.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the degradable granular balls are added into the ecological gypsum brick, degradation liquid cannot permeate into the brick body due to the coating effect of the spherical shell in the early stage, and the ecological gypsum brick plays a main role in slope protection and soil fixation; as grass seeds slowly germinate and root from the ecological gypsum brick and grow into dense vegetation, the spherical shell of the degradable granular ball is gradually degraded, degradation liquid in the degradation of the spherical core permeates into the brick body and reacts with gypsum to gradually degrade the ecological brick of the gypsum brick, and meanwhile, the roots of the vegetation are continuously rooted towards the deep part of the soil. After the ecological gypsum bricks are completely degraded, vegetation with strong root systems replaces the ecological gypsum bricks to play a role in slope protection and soil stabilization, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, the ecological reduction is realized, and the aims of green, environmental protection and safe construction are fulfilled.
2. The added components are sequentially put into cold water to be stirred, the ecological gypsum mud is pressed into the gypsum brick after being uniformly mixed, the gypsum brick is kept stand for one or two days to evaporate redundant moisture, and then the gypsum brick is slowly dried at a low temperature, and finally the prepared ecological gypsum brick is firm and thick and is not easy to crack; the whole process is simple to operate, fast in forming and high in efficiency.
3. The gypsum brick that this application was made is applied to the slope of highway both sides, lake river edge and is made admittedly, and through the firm stable characteristic bank protection soil stabilization in ecological gypsum brick earlier stage, the later stage is owing to in the vegetation rhizome that grows out has deepened soil from degradable ecological gypsum brick, and vegetation itself can play the effect that the soil was stabilized to the bank protection, and degradable ecological gypsum brick just slowly degrades, reaches ecological environmental protection, returns natural purpose.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The mesoporous silica hollow sphere is purchased from Jiangsu Xiancheng nano material science and technology limited company, and other materials are purchased from the market. The plaster of paris is semi-hydrated plaster or anhydrous plaster.
Preparation examples of raw materials
Preparation example 1
Firstly, placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere in an acetic acid solution, adding 1kg of the mesoporous silica hollow sphere into each liter of the acetic acid solution, stirring and oscillating for 3 hours, and taking out the mesoporous silica hollow sphere containing the acetic acid for later use. And (2) taking 0.8kg of viscose fiber relative to the 1kg of mesoporous silica hollow spheres, adding water, stirring to be viscous, adding sodium carbonate powder, stirring for 2 hours, taking out, dispersing and airing finished product particles, and thus obtaining the degradable particles.
Preparation example 2
Firstly, placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere in an acetic acid solution, adding 1kg of the mesoporous silica hollow sphere into each liter of the acetic acid solution, stirring and oscillating for 3 hours, and taking out the mesoporous silica hollow sphere containing the acetic acid for later use.
Examples
Example 1
S1, pretreatment: taking 12 parts of animal wastes, 21 parts of egg shells, 6.0 parts of animal bone meal and 12 parts of plant powder by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare a natural fertilizer; taking 3.0 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 2.0 parts of lime and 5.0 parts of plant fiber by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and stirring uniformly to prepare the hardness reinforcing agent.
S2, mixing materials: slowly pouring 500 parts of plaster of paris into 220 parts of cold water, adding 10 parts of hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to be pasty, sequentially adding 50 parts of diatom ooze, 95 parts of grass seeds, 51 parts of natural fertilizer, 2.0 parts of water-retaining agent, 1.5 parts of surfactant, 2.0 parts of natural colorant and 4.5 parts of degradable particles prepared in preparation example 1, continuously and uniformly stirring for 15min, finally adding 3.2 parts of plant adhesive, and stirring for 5min to obtain the ecological plaster of paris.
S3, press forming: and (3) putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 2 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank.
S4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at 60 ℃ for 10 hours to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick.
In this example, the raw materials are in parts by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Example 2
S1, pretreatment: taking 20 parts of animal wastes, 35 parts of egg shells, 10 parts of animal bone powder and 20 parts of plant powder by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare a natural fertilizer; taking 7.5 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 5.0 parts of lime and 12.5 parts of plant fiber by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and stirring uniformly to prepare the hardness reinforcing agent.
S2, mixing materials: slowly pouring 700 parts of plaster of paris into 340 parts of cold water, adding 25 parts of hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to form a paste, sequentially adding 160 parts of diatom ooze, 126 parts of grass seeds, 85 parts of natural fertilizer, 7.0 parts of water-retaining agent, 3.5 parts of surfactant, 6.5 parts of natural colorant and 13.5 parts of degradable particles prepared in preparation example 1, continuously and uniformly stirring for 25min, finally adding 9.5 parts of plant adhesive, and stirring for 10min to obtain the ecological plaster ooze.
S3, press forming: and (3) putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 3 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank.
S4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at 85 ℃ for 10 hours to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick.
In this example, the raw materials are in parts by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Example 3
S1, pretreatment: taking 18 parts of animal wastes, 28 parts of egg shells, 8.0 parts of animal bone meal and 16 parts of plant powder by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare a natural fertilizer; taking 4.5 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 3.0 parts of lime and 7.5 parts of plant fiber by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and stirring uniformly to prepare the hardness reinforcing agent.
S2, mixing materials: slowly pouring 600 parts of plaster of paris into 280 parts of cold water, adding 15 parts of hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to form a paste, sequentially adding 105 parts of diatom ooze, 110 parts of grass seeds, 70 parts of natural fertilizer, 4.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 2.5 parts of surfactant, 4.5 parts of natural colorant and 9.0 parts of the degradable particles prepared in the preparation example 1, continuously and uniformly stirring for 20min, finally adding 6.0 parts of plant adhesive, and stirring for 7.5min to obtain the ecological plaster ooze.
S3, press forming: and (3) putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 2.5 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank.
S4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at 70 ℃ for 10h to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick.
In this embodiment, the raw materials are all in parts by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Example 4
S1, pretreatment: taking 12 parts of animal wastes, 21 parts of egg shells, 6.0 parts of animal bone meal and 12 parts of plant powder by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare a natural fertilizer; taking 7.5 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 5.0 parts of lime and 12.5 parts of plant fiber by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and stirring uniformly to prepare the hardness reinforcing agent.
S2, mixing materials: slowly pouring 550 parts of plaster of paris into 250 parts of cold water, adding 25 parts of hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to be pasty, sequentially adding 80 parts of diatom ooze, 102 parts of grass seeds, 51 parts of natural fertilizer, 3.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 2.0 parts of surfactant, 3.5 parts of natural colorant and 6.5 parts of degradable particles prepared in preparation example 1, continuously and uniformly stirring for 15min, finally adding 4.5 parts of plant adhesive, and stirring for 5min to obtain the ecological plaster of paris.
S3, press forming: and (3) putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 2 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank.
S4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at 60 ℃ for 10 hours to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick. In this example, the raw materials are in parts by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Example 5
S1, pretreatment: taking 20 parts of animal wastes, 35 parts of egg shells, 10 parts of animal bone powder and 20 parts of plant powder by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixing and uniformly stirring to prepare a natural fertilizer; 3.0 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 2.0 parts of lime and 5.0 parts of plant fiber are taken according to the weight parts of the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick, mixed and stirred uniformly to prepare the hardness reinforcing agent.
S2, mixing materials: slowly pouring 650 parts of plaster of paris into 310 parts of cold water, adding 10 parts of hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to form a paste, sequentially adding 130 parts of diatom ooze, 118 parts of grass seeds, 85 parts of natural fertilizer, 5.8 parts of water-retaining agent, 3.0 parts of surfactant, 5.5 parts of natural colorant and 11 parts of the degradable particles prepared in preparation example 1, continuously and uniformly stirring for 25min, finally adding 8.0 parts of plant adhesive, and stirring for 10min to obtain the ecological plaster ooze.
S3, press forming: and (3) putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 3 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank.
S4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at 85 ℃ for 10h to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick. In this example, the raw materials are in parts by weight relative to the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Example 6
The difference from the example 3 is that the decomposable granular balls prepared in the preparation example 2 are added into the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 3 is that no hardness enhancer is added to the raw material of the ecological gypsum brick.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 3 is that no natural fertilizer is added in the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the example 3 is that degradable granular balls are not added in the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that no plant adhesive is added in the raw materials of the ecological gypsum brick.
Performance test
The degradable ecological gypsum brick test piece is prepared according to examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-4, and the size ratio of the test piece to the degradable ecological gypsum brick used in the actual building is 1: 5, dividing the test pieces into three groups, and averaging the final data. Firstly, extracting a part of test pieces, and detecting the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the part of test pieces; and placing another part of the test piece in a test simulation field, and observing and recording the surface connection state, the vegetation density, the rhizome depth, the degradation starting period and the complete degradation duration of the test piece in sequence.
Test method
The test pieces were tested according to GB/T17669.3-1999 standard.
Measurement of compressive Strength
1. The main equipment is a press (1-200 KN).
2. The test steps are as follows: (1) the length and width of the connecting surface or the pressed surface of each test piece are measured twice by using a steel ruler, and the average value is respectively taken and is accurate to 1 mm. (2) The test piece is horizontally placed in the center of the pressurizing plate, and is loaded perpendicular to the pressure-bearing surface, so that the test piece is uniform and stable and cannot impact or vibrate. The loading speed is preferably 4kN/s until the test piece is destroyed, and the maximum destruction load is recorded.
Second, determination of flexural Strength
1. The main instrument is a brick and tile bending tester.
2. The test steps are as follows: (1) a group of test pieces are taken, the middle width and the thickness of each test piece are measured to be two respectively and are accurate to mm, and the average value of the test pieces is taken. (2) And adjusting the support span L of the material testing machine and the anti-bending movable support, wherein L is the total length of the test piece minus 40mm, namely the centers of the supports at two ends are 20mm away from the edge of the brick respectively. (3) The large plane of the test piece is flatly placed on the anti-bending movable support, the pressurizing point is placed at 1/2L, and when the test piece has cracks or depressions, the cracks or the depressions are placed on the tensile surface. (4) The uniform loading speed is preferably 0.5MPa per second until the test piece is broken, and the breaking load is recorded.
Measurement of the three and other items
After the test piece is fixed in the test simulation for 20 days, judging whether the connection state between the adjacent bricks is tight through visual observation, manual operation or instrument vibration combined with actual experience; then waiting for the vegetation in the test piece to root and sprout and grow into dense vegetation, calculating the number of plants grown per square meter after 12 months, measuring the root and stem depth of each plant, and averaging the two; in addition, the duration of time from the test piece being put into use to the beginning of degradation and the length of time required from the beginning to complete degradation were observed and recorded.
Test results
The following table 1 shows the test results:
TABLE 1
By combining example 3 and comparative example 1 and table 1, it can be seen that when no hardness reinforcing agent is added to the test piece, the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the test piece are relatively low, the addition amount of the hardness reinforcing agent is in direct proportion to the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the test piece, and the greater the addition amount of the hardness reinforcing agent is, the greater the compressive strength value and the flexural strength value are, which is beneficial to soil stabilization of the early slope protection.
In combination with comparative example 2 and table 1, it can be seen that the vegetation density and the root depth value of the test piece are smaller than those of the test piece added with the natural fertilizer without adding the natural fertilizer, which indicates that the natural fertilizer promotes nutrient absorption of the roots of the vegetation in the test piece and supplements nutrients required by the growth of plants, so that the vegetation grows densely, the roots and the roots are developed, the plants penetrate into the soil, and the water and soil loss is reduced.
It can be seen from the combination of comparative example 3 and example 6 and table 1 that, when the degradable pellets are not added to the test piece, the initial degradation period and the complete degradation period of the test piece are significantly prolonged, and are prolonged by about 2 times compared with the period when the degradable pellets are added, which is probably because the gypsum itself is not easily degraded in a natural state, and the degradation time of the gypsum in the natural world is shortened by the degradable pellets. In addition, the test pieces begin to degrade after a period of time, which shows that the outer membrane of the degradable granular ball in the brick body naturally degrades after a period of time, so that degradation liquid filled in the inner membrane is released; the initial degradation period of the test piece is 1.5 years without the outer membrane, which is probably because the degradation liquid in the inner membrane directly flows out along with the mesopores without being coated by the outer membrane and reacts with gypsum, so that the initial degradation period is shortened, and the complete degradation time is correspondingly shortened due to early-stage permeation.
In addition, because the degradation period and the degradation duration of the test piece are prolonged, the density value of the vegetation and the depth value of the rootstock are relatively reduced, namely, the number of plants grown per square meter is correspondingly reduced, and the depth of the rootstock is correspondingly shortened, which probably is because the test piece is not degraded for a long time, and the rooting and sprouting of the plants are influenced.
In combination with comparative example 4 and example 3 and table 1, no plant adhesive is added to the test pieces, and the states of loose connection and obvious gaps are shown between adjacent test pieces, which indicates that no plant adhesive is added, no adhesive force exists between adjacent test pieces, and gaps are generated between adjacent test pieces after the test pieces meet water, so that the surface connection degree is increasingly poor.
The specific embodiments are only for explaining the present application and are not limiting to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all the embodiments are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The degradable ecological gypsum brick is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 500-700 parts of plaster of paris, 50-160 parts of diatom ooze, 95-126 parts of grass seeds, 51-85 parts of natural fertilizer, 10-25 parts of hardness enhancer, 2.0-7.0 parts of water-retaining agent, 1.5-3.5 parts of surfactant, 2.0-6.5 parts of natural colorant, 4.5-13.5 parts of degradable granular balls and 220-340 parts of water; the ecological gypsum brick also comprises a plant adhesive, wherein the weight part of the plant adhesive in the ecological gypsum brick is 3.2-9.5 parts;
The degradable granular ball comprises a ball shell and a ball core, wherein degradation liquid is filled in the ball core, and the degradation liquid is acetic acid solution; the method for preparing the degradable particles comprises the following steps: firstly, placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere in a degradation liquid, oscillating for 3 hours, then placing the mesoporous silica hollow sphere filled with the degradation liquid in viscose fibers mixed with sodium carbonate powder, stirring for 2 hours, taking out and airing to obtain degradable particles, wherein the viscose fibers are made of degradable natural fibers.
2. The degradable ecological gypsum brick of claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises animal wastes, egg shells, animal bone powder and plant powder; the ratio of the animal wastes, the egg shells, the animal bone powder and the plant powder in parts by weight is 2: 3.5: 1: 2.
3. the degradable ecological gypsum brick of claim 1, wherein the hardness enhancer comprises sulphoaluminate cement, lime and plant fiber; the weight ratio of the sulphoaluminate cement to the lime to the plant fiber is 1.5: 1: 2.5.
4. the degradable ecological gypsum brick of claim 1, wherein the water retaining agent is charcoal.
5. The degradable ecological gypsum brick according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the degradable ecological gypsum brick is prepared by the following preparation method:
s1, pretreatment: preparing degradable granular balls, and respectively preparing a natural fertilizer and a hardness reinforcing agent;
s2, mixing materials: slowly pouring plaster into cold water, adding a hardness reinforcing agent while stirring to be pasty, sequentially adding diatom ooze, grass seeds, a natural fertilizer, a water-retaining agent, a surfactant, a natural colorant and degradable particles, continuously and uniformly stirring for 15-25 min, finally adding a plant adhesive, and stirring for 5-10 min to obtain ecological plaster mud;
s3, press forming: putting the ecological gypsum mud into a mold, and standing for 2-3 days at normal temperature to obtain a formed gypsum brick blank;
s4, drying: and drying the gypsum brick blank at the temperature of 60-85 ℃ for 10h to finally obtain the ecological gypsum brick.
6. The use of the degradable ecological gypsum brick according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the degradable ecological gypsum brick is used for slope construction of two sides of a road and the edge of a lake or river.
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