CN112390660A - Special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/006—Waste materials as binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of vegetation concrete, and particularly discloses special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special vegetation concrete comprises base layer concrete and surface layer concrete, and the base layer concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: cement, a binder, a pore-forming agent, water and surface concrete, wherein the surface concrete comprises the following components: sandy loam, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer and humus; the preparation method of the vegetation concrete comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a binder; step two: preparing humus, and step three: the method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing and stirring cement, coral reef, a binder, a pore-forming agent and water according to the formula amount to obtain base layer concrete, adding sandy loam, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and humus according to the formula amount to be uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain surface layer concrete, spraying the base layer concrete on the surface of a slope, and spraying the surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete to obtain vegetation concrete. The vegetation concrete prepared by the method can be well attached to a high and steep slope, and the vegetation coverage rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of concrete preparation, in particular to vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of urban economic construction, a large number of buildings are built, and the buildings bring benefits to people and influence the ecological environment. People live in the environment filled with reinforced concrete every day, and the environment has great influence on the health of human beings. Under the living idea of actively advocating green life, energy conservation and environmental protection in China, various ecological materials are actively researched and developed. After the efforts of people and scientific and technological innovation, vegetation concrete is researched, wherein the vegetation concrete refers to ecological concrete capable of carrying out vegetation operation in concrete, and is mainly used for protecting and greening rock slopes.
However, when vegetation concrete is used for slope protection, the inventors have found that when vegetation concrete is sprayed on a high and steep slope having a slope of 70 ° or more, a concrete base is hard to adhere to the high and steep slope, vegetation grows sparsely in the vegetation concrete, and a stable target vegetation population cannot be formed, resulting in poor slope protection effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the attachment condition of vegetation concrete on a high and steep slope and the growth condition of vegetation and improve the slope protection effect, the application provides the vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening and the preparation method thereof.
The utility model provides a dedicated vegetation concrete of bank protection afforestation, adopts following technical scheme:
the special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening comprises base layer concrete positioned at the bottom and surface layer concrete positioned at the top, wherein the base layer concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight, 10-20 parts of cement, 8-15 parts of a binder, 2-5 parts of a pore-forming agent and 40-60 parts of water;
the surface concrete comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of sandy loam, 2-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 1-3 parts of a compound fertilizer and 7-16 parts of humus;
the pore-forming agent consists of ammonium bicarbonate and wood fiber particles, and the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the wood fiber particles is 1 (1-4);
the adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5-5 parts of wood fiber, 0.5-2 parts of starch and 5-8 parts of clay;
the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly stirring water with the mass 2 times that of the clay, the clay and the wood fiber to prepare a slurry system;
step 2, placing the slurry into a mold, adding dihydric phosphate, adjusting the pH value of the slurry system to 6.0-7.0, and vibrating the slurry in the mold to obtain a mixed material system;
and 3, adding starch while stirring the mixed material system, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the binder.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, in basal layer concrete, ammonium bicarbonate ionizes out the ammonium ion when dissolving in water, for some plants provide nutrition, slowly releases carbon dioxide simultaneously for produce the hole structure in the concrete, in order to improve basal layer concrete's porosity, in order to dredge the precipitation to side slope subsoil, hold appearance organic substance, when the plant root must pass through, in order to obtain the nourishment, in order to do benefit to vegetation. The wood fiber particles are used as filler to play a reinforcing role, provide certain strength support, assist in exhausting and improve the stability of the system.
The adhesive is added to improve the adhesive strength of the base layer concrete and improve the adhesive force of the base layer concrete on the high and steep slope. The clay and water are mixed to form good viscosity, the added wood fiber can keep the uniformity and stability of a slurry system, and simultaneously can reduce the shrinkage and expansion of concrete, the wood fiber has good dispersibility, a net structure is easily formed in the slurry system, the strength of the concrete is enhanced, a good anti-cracking effect is achieved, and the stability and uniformity of the system are improved. The wood fiber has good moisture transmission function, and the wood fiber is dispersed in the slurry system, so that the hydration reaction between the surface of the base layer concrete and the interface of the side slope base layer is sufficient, the bonding strength between the side slope surface and the base layer concrete is improved, and the uniformity of the strength of the base layer concrete can be improved. The starch has good hygroscopicity and cohesiveness, reduces the evapotranspiration of moisture, improves certain moisture and nutrients for the subsequent growth of root systems, improves the survival rate of plants, improves the bonding strength of the base concrete interface by the cooperation of the starch and other raw materials, and improves the adhesive force of the base concrete to the surface of a side slope.
Because the cement has stronger alkalinity, the pH value of a dihydric phosphate adjusting system is added in the preparation process of the binder, so that a low-alkalinity gelled base material is formed in the later period, and the growth rate of vegetation is improved. Meanwhile, the dihydric phosphate contains phosphorus element required by plant growth, and can provide nutrients for plant roots subsequently, so that the practicability is high.
The surface concrete mainly comprises sandy loam, has moderate sandy loam particles and good three-phase ratio, has good water, nutrient, heat and air conditions, provides nutrients and growth space for plant growth, and is suitable for vegetation growth.
The water-retaining agent is a high water-absorbing resin, which contains a large amount of strong water-absorbing groups, has a specific structure, can generate high-permeability association in the resin, absorbs water through a basic mesh structure, can collect water which is hundreds times or thousands times of the weight of the water-retaining agent, and the water is stored in the water-retaining agent, can be directly absorbed by root systems of various vegetations, and has the effects of resisting drought, retaining water, retaining fertilizer, improving efficiency, improving soil, promoting the growth and development of crops and improving the rate of emergence.
The compound fertilizer contains elements such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the like required by plant growth, can meet the growth of plants, supplies nutrients required by crops for a long time, and effectively increases the survival rate of vegetation.
Humus is a base material which preferentially provides nutrients for plants and creates growing space for plant roots; the humus is a colloidal substance formed by decomposing and converting organic matters by microorganisms, and is a main component (50-65%) of soil organic matters. The humus mainly comprises nutrient elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like, has moderate cohesiveness, can loosen clay and cohere sandy soil, is a good cementing agent for forming a granular structure, can keep the level of soil organic matters, is helpful for guaranteeing nitrogen and other necessary nutrients, and further improves the survival rate of vegetation.
Preferably, the dihydrogen phosphate is at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate not only can adjust the pH valve of concrete system to the growth of adaptation vegetation can also follow-up provide nutrient for the plant roots pricks deeply, improves the survival rate of vegetation.
Preferably, the dihydrogen phosphate consists of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the magnesium dihydrogen phosphate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 1:1: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the composition and the proportion of the dihydric phosphate are further optimized, the adaptability of concrete is improved, and the survival rate of vegetation is improved.
Preferably, the length of the wood fiber is 5-10 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the length of the wood fiber is optimized, the dispersibility in a slurry system is improved, and the wood fiber is cooperated with other raw material components to improve the uniformity of the strength of the base concrete and the bonding strength between the slope surface and the base concrete.
Preferably, the wood fiber particles have a particle size of 20-70 meshes and a water content of 8-15%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the particle size and the water content of the wood fiber particles are optimized, the strength of concrete is improved, the auxiliary exhaust effect is improved, and the stability of a system is improved.
Preferably, the humus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of xylose residues, 2-6 parts of sawdust and 3-6 parts of rice hulls.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the xylose sediment is that the corncob is carried out through processing and is carried the remaining residue of xylitol, the water absorption and the water-retaining capacity of xylose sediment are extremely strong, can provide sufficient moisture for the plant in earlier stage, guarantee the growth of vegetation, simultaneously, the xylose sediment is rich in nutrient substances such as soluble carbohydrate and mineral substance, can provide certain nutrient composition for the vegetation, rotten rice husk and sawdust attract a large amount of microorganism to the vegetation concrete, carry out slow fermentation to the xylose sediment, so that more nutrient substance can be released gradually, humus and plant root system are together reformed transform the vegetation concrete into the soil that is suitable for the vegetation growth gradually, rotten rice husk and sawdust can also provide nutrients such as a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium simultaneously, promote the growth of vegetation. The addition of humus can improve soil structure and increase nutrients required by plants.
Preferably, the base layer concrete further comprises coral reef, and the coral reef is 7-18 parts by weight.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coral reef has macroscopic defects, can be used as aggregate to endow concrete with strength, can also improve the structure inside the concrete and increase the porosity.
Preferably, the particle size of the coral reef is 5-20 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the particle size of the coral reef is further optimized, and the strength and the porosity of the concrete are improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing vegetation concrete dedicated for slope protection and greening, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a binder;
step two: preparing humus, wherein the preparation of the humus comprises the following steps:
step a, pretreatment of xylose residues: heating white sugar water 2 times of the weight of the xylose residue to 50-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃, adding the xylose residue while stirring, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out slag-water separation to obtain sugar liquid and sugar residue respectively;
b, mixing and homogenizing the sugar residues, the sawdust and the rice hulls to obtain humus;
step three: the method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing and stirring cement, coral reefs, a binder, a pore-forming agent and water according to the formula amount to obtain base layer concrete, then adding sandy loam, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and humus according to the formula amount to be uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain surface layer concrete, spraying the base layer concrete on the surface of a slope, and spraying the surface layer concrete on the surface of the base layer concrete to obtain the vegetation concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, although the xylose residues contain a large amount of nutrient components to promote the growth of plants, because a large amount of acid substances such as dilute sulfuric acid and the like are added in the treatment process of the corncobs, the inventor finds that the xylose residues are heavy in acidity, the xylose residues are pretreated, white sugar water is added to improve the solubility of the xylose residues, the potassium hydroxide is used for neutralizing partial acid substances to adjust the whole system to be weak acidity, and the structure of soil can be improved so as to be suitable for the growth of vegetation. The introduced potassium ions can also provide required elements for the vegetation, so that the growth of the vegetation is further promoted, all substances can be utilized, and the utilization rate of the materials is improved.
Preferably, in step three: and (c) firstly, soaking the coral reef in the sugar solution obtained in the step (a) for 1-2h, and then fishing out for use.
By adopting the technical scheme, the coral reef is fully soaked in the sugar solution, so that the coral reef is soaked with certain nutrient components, and even if the coral reef is taken as concrete aggregate to carry out strength support, certain nutrients can be obtained during the growth of subsequent plant roots, the vitality of vegetation is improved, and the adhesive force between the concrete and the surface of a side slope can be further improved by deep pricking of the plant roots.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the adhesive is added to improve the adhesive strength of the base layer concrete and improve the adhesive force of the base layer concrete on the high and steep slope. Ammonium bicarbonate ionizes ammonium ions when dissolved in water to provide nutrition for partial plants, and slowly releases carbon dioxide simultaneously, so that a hole structure is generated in concrete, the porosity of the base layer concrete is improved, precipitation is dredged to the bottom soil of the side slope, organic substances are stored, and when plant roots pass through, nutrients are obtained, and plant growth is facilitated.
2. In the preparation process of the binder, dihydric phosphate is added to adjust the pH value of the system, so that a low-alkalinity gel base material is formed in the later period, and the growth rate of vegetation is improved. Meanwhile, the dihydric phosphate contains phosphorus element required by plant growth, and can provide nutrients for plant roots subsequently, so that the practicability is high.
3. The coral reef is fully soaked in the sugar solution, so that the coral reef is soaked with certain nutrient components, and even if the coral reef is used as an aggregate of concrete for strength support, certain nutrients can be obtained during subsequent plant root growth, so that the vitality of vegetation is improved, and the adhesion between the concrete and the surface of a side slope can be further improved by deep pricking of the plant root.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
Example 1
The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening comprises base layer concrete positioned at the bottom and surface layer concrete positioned at the top, wherein the base layer concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight, 15kg of cement, 8kg of binder, 2kg of pore-forming agent and 50kg of water;
the cement is P.O42.5 Portland cement;
the adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5kg of wood fiber, 0.5kg of starch and 5kg of clay; the length of the wood fiber is 7mm, the wood fiber is purchased from Wantong Limited technology Co., Ltd in salt city, and the clay is yellow clay purchased from Toronto mineral processing factory in Lingshu county;
the pore-forming agent consists of 1kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 1kg of wood fiber particles, the particle size of the wood fiber particles is 55 meshes, the water content is 12 percent, the wood fiber particles are purchased from WANTHANGTONG Limited technology, and the ammonium bicarbonate is agricultural grade ammonium bicarbonate and purchased from JINANHAILAN Biotechnology;
the surface concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75kg of sandy loam, 7kg of water-retaining agent, 2.2kg of compound fertilizer and 7kg of humus; the sand content of sandy loam is less than 5%, the water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and the compound fertilizer is nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer purchased from Jinkang New Material Co.Ltd in Jin of Jinan;
the humus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2kg of xylose residue, 2kg of sawdust and 3kg of rice husk,
a preparation method of vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a binder;
the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly stirring water with the mass 2 times that of the clay, the clay and the wood fiber to prepare a slurry system;
step 2, placing the slurry into a mold, adding dihydric phosphate, wherein the dihydric phosphate is formed by mixing magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1.5, adjusting the pH value of a slurry system to 6.5, and vibrating the slurry in the mold to obtain a mixed material system;
step 3, adding starch while stirring the mixed material system, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a binder;
step two: preparing humus, wherein the preparation of the humus comprises the following steps:
step a, pretreatment of xylose residues: heating white sugar water 2 times of the weight of the xylose residue to 50 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃, adding the xylose residue while stirring, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.0, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out slag-water separation to obtain sugar liquid and the sugar residue respectively;
b, mixing and homogenizing the sugar residues, the sawdust and the rice hulls to obtain humus;
step three: preparing base layer concrete: mixing and stirring cement, coral reef, water-retaining agent, pore-forming agent and water uniformly according to the formula amount to prepare base layer concrete; mixing and stirring sandy loam, compound fertilizer and humus uniformly according to the formula amount to obtain surface concrete, spraying the base concrete on the surface of a side slope, and spraying the surface concrete on the surface of the base concrete to obtain the vegetation concrete.
Examples 2 to 12 differ from example 1 only in the composition of the starting materials, examples 1 to 6 being shown in Table 1 for each component and examples 7 to 12 being shown in Table 2 for each component.
TABLE 1 Components of examples 1-6
Table 2 examples 7-12 raw material compositions
Example 13
The difference from example 12 is that in the binder preparation step, wherein in step 2, the dihydrogen phosphate is compounded by magnesium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 2:1, the rest is the same as example 12.
Example 14
The difference from the example 12 is that in the binder preparation step, wherein in the step 2, the dihydrogen phosphate is formed by mixing magnesium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:3, the rest is the same as the example 12.
Example 15
The difference from the example 15 is that in the preparation step of the binder, wherein in the step 2, the dihydrogen phosphate is formed by mixing magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, the rest is the same as the example 15.
Example 16
The difference from the embodiment 15 is that in the third step, the coral reef is soaked in the sugar solution obtained in the step a, the coral reef is fished out after being soaked for 2 hours, and then the cement, the coral reef, the water-retaining agent, the pore-forming agent and the water are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the formula amount to prepare the base layer concrete; the rest is the same as in example 15.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the same as example 1 was conducted except that no pore-forming agent was added.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the same as example 1 was used except that no binder was added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the binder is prepared without adding dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that dilute hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH of the slurry system to 6.5 during the binder preparation, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that, in the preparation of humus, the xylose residue was not pretreated, and the rest was the same as example 1.
Performance test
The base concrete prepared in examples 1 to 16 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to standard curing for 28d, and then the compressive strength, interconnected porosity and interfacial bonding strength of the vegetation concrete were measured, respectively, and the results are shown in table 3.
The base layer concrete prepared in the examples 1-16 and the comparative examples 1-5 is prepared into a cubic test block with the side length of 150mm, and the compressive strength of the cubic test block is tested according to the compressive strength test in GB/T50081-2019 concrete physical and mechanical property test method standard;
the method for testing the concrete communication porosity comprises the following specific steps:
1. the vegetation concrete prepared in examples 1 to 15 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were prepared into test pieces of 100mm by 100mm, and 6 test pieces were prepared for each group;
2. putting the test piece into a drying oven at 60 +/-5 ℃ for drying to constant, taking out the test piece, putting the test piece into a dryer for cooling to room temperature, measuring the size of the test piece by using a measuring ruler, and calculating the volume V; (Note: constant means that the difference between the front and rear masses of the sample dried for 3 hours or more is smaller than the weighing precision of the weighing apparatus)
3. And placing the dried test sample in an iron bucket of a hydrostatic electronic balance, injecting deionized water, soaking for 24 hours, and measuring the mass m1 of the test sample in water by using the hydrostatic electronic balance.
4. And taking out the test piece, placing the test piece in a standard curing room meeting the requirements of GB/T50081, curing for 24h, wiping the surface moisture, and determining the mass m2 of the test piece.
The interconnected porosity of the test pieces was calculated by the formula, Cv ═ 100% (1- (m2-m1)/(ρ V)). to the nearest 0.1%, and the arithmetic average of the measured values of the 6 test pieces was taken as the interconnected porosity value of the set of test pieces.
In the formula:
rho- -density of Water (g/cm)3)；
V- -volume of test piece (cm)3)
The prism bonding test method comprises the steps of uniformly breaking a common concrete test piece into two halves, placing the half into the same mold, spraying concrete prepared in examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-5 into the mold through a spraying machine to prepare prism test pieces with the same size, curing each group of 6 test pieces to the age of 28d under standard conditions, breaking through an anti-fracture testing machine to obtain fracture load, and taking the arithmetic mean value of the measured values of the 6 test pieces as the bonding strength value of the group of test pieces. The bond strength is calculated according to the formula: f ═ P/A
f- -bond strength, MPa;
p- -breaking load, N;
a- -area under tension, mm2。
Vegetation concrete plant growth experiment:
the method selects the paspalum natatum seeds as experimental objects, and the paspalum natatum is common slope planting plants and has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, rapid growth, high temperature and drought resistance to a certain degree, pruning resistance, trampling resistance, frost resistance and the like; selecting 3 gradient of 80 degree and area of 5m2The side slopes are divided into a group, the surface of the side slopes is cleaned and leveled, and the slope surface is cleaned by a high-pressure water gunThe slope surface is enabled to be beneficial to the complete combination of vegetation concrete and rock, the prepared base layer concrete is sprayed on the surface of the side slope by 5 cm, after the base layer concrete is hardened, the surface layer concrete and the paspalum natatum seeds are mixed and sprayed on the base layer concrete through a spraying machine, and the thickness of the base layer concrete is 10 cm.
After 1 year, 1 square meter of each side slope is randomly extracted for observation, and the slope erosion condition, the spray layer crack condition and the vegetation coverage rate are recorded, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of the experiment
It can be seen from the combination of examples 1-6 and table 3 that the porosity of vegetation concrete can be improved by the addition of coral reef, and the strength of vegetation concrete can also be improved to a certain extent, and from examples 7-12 and table 3, the pore-forming agent makes the concrete produce the pore structure, so as to improve the porosity of base concrete, so as to dredge precipitation to the side slope subsoil, hold organic matter, when the plant root must pass through, so as to obtain nourishment, so as to be beneficial to plant growth and improve the vegetation coverage. The components and the proportion of the binder can improve the bonding strength of the base concrete, improve the adhesive force of the base concrete on a high and steep slope, reduce the slope collapse and spray layer cracks and further improve the growth condition and the vegetation coverage rate of the vegetation. The composition of humus is optimized, the organic matter level of soil is improved, corresponding nutrition is provided for plant growth, and the survival rate of vegetation is further improved.
As can be seen from the combination of examples 13 to 16 and table 3, the component proportion of the dihydrogen phosphate in the preparation step of the binder is optimized to adjust the ph value of the system, so as to form a low-alkalinity gel base material in the later period, and subsequently, the low-alkalinity gel base material can also provide nutrients for the plant root system, thereby improving the growth rate of the vegetation. The coral reef can be soaked with certain nutritional ingredients by soaking the coral reef in the sugar solution, so that certain nutrients can be obtained during the growth of subsequent plant root systems even when the coral reef is taken as an aggregate of concrete for strength support, the vitality of vegetation is improved, and the adhesion between the concrete and the surface of a side slope can be further improved by deep pricking of the plant root systems.
By combining examples 1-16 and comparative examples 1-5 and table 3, it can be seen that the vegetation concrete prepared by the method can be well attached to a high and steep slope, the adhesive force is good, the interface bonding strength is good, the vegetation growth condition is good, the slope does not collapse after one year, the sprayed layer does not have cracks, and the vegetation coverage rate is high.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening is characterized by comprising the following components, by weight, 10-20 parts of cement, 8-15 parts of a binder, 2-5 parts of a pore-forming agent, 40-60 parts of water, 60-80 parts of sandy loam, 2-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 1-3 parts of a compound fertilizer and 7-16 parts of humus;
the pore-forming agent consists of ammonium bicarbonate and wood fiber particles, and the mass ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the wood fiber particles is 1 (1-4);
the adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5-5 parts of wood fiber, 0.5-2 parts of starch and 5-8 parts of clay;
the preparation method of the adhesive comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly stirring water with the mass 2 times that of the clay, the clay and the wood fiber to prepare a slurry system;
step 2, placing the slurry into a mold, adding dihydric phosphate, adjusting the pH value of the slurry system to 6.0-7.0, and vibrating the slurry in the mold to obtain a mixed material system;
and 3, adding starch while stirring the mixed material system, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the binder.
2. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the dihydric phosphate is at least one selected from magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 2, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the dihydric phosphate consists of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the magnesium dihydrogen phosphate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 1:1: 1.
4. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the length of the wood fiber is 5-10 mm.
5. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the particle size of the wood fiber particles is 20-70 meshes, and the water content is 8-15%.
6. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the humus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of xylose residues, 2-6 parts of sawdust and 3-6 parts of rice hulls.
7. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the coral reef comprises 7-18 parts by weight of coral reef.
8. The special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening according to claim 7, wherein the concrete comprises the following components: the particle size of the coral reef is 5-20 mm.
9. The method for preparing vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a binder;
step two: preparing humus, wherein the preparation of the humus comprises the following steps:
step a, pretreatment of xylose residues: heating white sugar water 2 times of the weight of the xylose residue to 50-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-3 ℃, adding the xylose residue while stirring, then adding potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out slag-water separation to obtain sugar liquid and sugar residue respectively;
b, mixing and homogenizing the sugar residues, the sawdust and the rice hulls to obtain humus;
step three: the cement, the coral reef, the binder, the pore-forming agent and the water are mixed and stirred uniformly according to the formula amount, and then the sandy loam, the water-retaining agent, the compound fertilizer and the humus are added according to the formula amount to be mixed and stirred uniformly, so that the vegetation concrete is prepared.
10. The method for preparing vegetation concrete special for slope protection and greening according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step three: and (c) firstly, soaking the coral reef in the sugar solution obtained in the step (a) for 1-2h, and then fishing out for use.
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