CN115991582A - Vegetation concrete and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Vegetation concrete and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115991582A CN115991582A CN202211677494.8A CN202211677494A CN115991582A CN 115991582 A CN115991582 A CN 115991582A CN 202211677494 A CN202211677494 A CN 202211677494A CN 115991582 A CN115991582 A CN 115991582A
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Abstract
The invention provides vegetation concrete and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of S1, preparing base concrete on a rock slope with a gradient of 85-90 degrees; and S2, manufacturing surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete. The vegetation concrete prepared by the preparation method. The vegetation concrete prepared by the preparation method is applied to planting greening plants. The invention can solve the technical problems that common vegetation concrete cannot be permanently and firmly attached to a rock slope with a slope of 85-90 degrees and the vegetation concrete cannot form a small ecological system suitable for long-term growth of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation concrete, in particular to vegetation concrete special for greening, which is super-strong in scour resistance and rich in colony, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The common vegetation concrete is poor in cohesive force and anti-scouring performance due to the lack of cohesive matter and high organic matter content, so that the vegetation concrete cannot be permanently and firmly attached to a nearly vertical rock slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees.
In addition, the common vegetation concrete has single microorganism type and low content, so that the vegetation concrete cannot form a small ecological system suitable for long-term growth of plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide vegetation concrete and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that common vegetation concrete cannot be permanently and firmly attached to a rock slope with a gradient of 85-90 degrees and solving the technical problem that the vegetation concrete cannot form a small ecological system suitable for long-term growth of plants. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing vegetation concrete, comprising the steps of:
s1, manufacturing base layer concrete on a rock slope with a gradient of 85-90 degrees
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the base layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the rock slope to form the base layer concrete;
wherein, the base concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450-500 parts of sandy loam, 95-150 parts of cement, 300-340 parts of water, 1.2-2 parts of pore-forming agent, 25.6-41 parts of binder, 0.65-0.85 part of first pH regulator, 13.5-25 parts of composite bacterial residues, 54-95 parts of organic matters, 2-15 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent; the first pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the base layer concrete to 6.5-7.5;
s2, manufacturing surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the surface layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the base layer concrete to form the surface layer concrete;
wherein, the surface layer concrete adopts raw materials comprising 450-500 parts of cultivated soil, 95-150 parts of cement, 300-340 parts of water, 1.2-2 parts of pore-forming agent, 25.6-41 parts of binder, 0.65-0.85 part of second pH regulator, 13.5-25 parts of composite fungus residue, 54-95 parts of organic matter, 2-15 parts of compound fertilizer, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent and 3-4 parts of plant seed; the second pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the surface layer concrete to be 6.5-7.5;
the binder in the steps S1-S2 comprises dispersed latex powder, cellulose ether and plant fiber.
Optionally, the binder consists of 0.3-0.5 part by weight of dispersed emulsion, 0.3-0.5 part by weight of cellulose ether and 25-40 parts by weight of plant fiber.
Optionally, the composite fungus residues in the steps S1-S2 comprise at least one of fungus residues, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and oyster mushroom fungus residues.
Optionally, the pore-forming agent in the step S1-S2 comprises an air entraining agent and a foaming agent, wherein the air entraining agent is 0.6-1 part by weight, and the foaming agent is 0.6-1 part by weight.
Optionally, the air entraining agent comprises Japanese bamboo oil air entraining agent AE-200 or 265-type efficient rosin air entraining agent produced by Shandong China; the foaming agent comprises a TH-IV high molecular type concrete foaming agent or a Zhejiang Shuntai technology SA1000 foaming agent.
Optionally, the organic matters in the steps S1-S2 comprise the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of saw dust, 15-30 parts of rice husk, 12-20 parts of grass ash, 6-10 parts of chicken manure and 6-10 parts of horse manure.
Optionally, the water-retaining agents in steps S1 to S2 each include SPA water-absorbing resin or KM300 type water-retaining agent.
Optionally, step S0 is further included before step S1, where step S0 is to perform nailing treatment on the area of the rock slope pre-sprayed base layer concrete.
In a second aspect, the invention provides vegetation concrete prepared by the vegetation concrete preparation method.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of vegetation concrete, and the vegetation concrete prepared by the preparation method of the vegetation concrete is applied to planting greening plants; the greening plants are planted by uniformly mixing seeds with surface layer concrete and then spraying the mixture on the base layer concrete.
The application of the technical scheme of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the vegetation concrete, the binder and the cement are combined, so that on one hand, the viscosity of the cement in the base concrete is improved through the dispersed emulsion part and the cellulose ether in the binder, the base concrete is ensured to be sprayed on a rock slope with the gradient of 85-90 degrees, the base concrete can be quickly solidified into a hardened body, rainfall erosion is avoided, and the base concrete can be permanently and firmly attached to the rock slope; on the other hand, the plant fiber in the binder is used for providing pore forming sites for pore formers, so that formed pores in the base layer concrete are uniformly dispersed and communicated, and the existence of the pores can fill in cultivated soil, sandy loam, water-retaining agents, compound fertilizers, organic matters and composite fungus residues and can provide a growth space for plant root systems; meanwhile, the filled cultivated soil, sandy loam, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer, organic matters and compound fungus residues are convenient for continuously providing fertility and water-retaining effect for plant growth; in yet another aspect, the use of the dispersed latex fraction, cellulose ether and plant fiber can also improve the early unconfined compressive strength and tensile bond strength of vegetation concrete. The sandy loam is used in the base layer concrete, so that plant root systems can be conveniently pricked into the base layer concrete; the surface layer concrete is provided with soil structures of the bionic plant growth granules by using cultivated soil, water-retaining agent, compound fertilizer, organic matters and compound fungus residues, so that the microbial environment suitable for plant growth can be maintained for a long time; wherein, the composite fungus dreg can decompose organic matters and humus harmful to plants to generate organic matters, thereby promoting plant growth. In addition, plant root systems are pricked into the base layer concrete, so that the adhesive force of the surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete can be enhanced, and the stability of the vegetation concrete on a rock slope can be improved; meanwhile, the base layer concrete can provide fixation, continuously provide fertility and keep water for plants; the surface concrete provides a good growth environment for plant seed germination. The invention provides a new scheme for rapid forced greening on a rock slope. The use of the first and second pH adjusters is used to adjust the base layer concrete and the top layer concrete, respectively, to a pH environment suitable for plant growth.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the vegetation concrete comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing base layer concrete on an upright rock slope with a gradient of 90 DEG
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the base layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the rock slope to form the base layer concrete;
wherein, the base concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of sandy loam, 150 parts of cement, 340 parts of water, 2 parts of pore-forming agent, 41 parts of binder, 0.65-0.85 part of first pH regulator (specifically, slaked lime or sodium acetate), 13.5-25 parts of composite bacterial residues, 54-95 parts of organic matters, 2-15 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent; the first pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the base layer concrete to 6.5-7.5;
s2, manufacturing surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the surface layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the base layer concrete to form the surface layer concrete;
in step S2, the selected cultivated soil is sun-dried, crushed and sieved to ensure that the grain diameter is less than 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the humidity is controlled below 30 percent, and the cultivated soil is in a loose state to ensure that the dry volume weight of the cultivated soil is not increasedIs higher than 1.32g/cm 3 And the pH should be 6.5-7.2.
Wherein, the surface layer concrete adopts raw materials comprising 500 parts of cultivated soil (specifically, sieved loess), 150 parts of cement, 340 parts of water, 2 parts of pore-forming agent, 41 parts of binder, 0.85 part of second pH regulator (specifically, hydrated lime or sodium acetate), 25 parts of composite fungus residue, 95 parts of organic matter, 15 parts of compound fertilizer, 2 parts of water-retaining agent and 4 parts of plant seeds; the second pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the surface layer concrete to be 6.5-7.5;
the binder in the steps S1-S2 comprises dispersed latex powder, cellulose ether and plant fiber.
The binder in the step S1-S2 consists of 0.5 part by weight of dispersed emulsion, 0.5 part by weight of cellulose ether and 40 parts by weight of plant fiber.
The composite bacterial residues in the steps S1-S2 adopt bacterial residues with the following mass portions: 7 parts of agaric fungus residues, 8 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus residues and 10 parts of oyster mushroom fungus residues. The three bacterial residues are common bacterial residues, are cheap and convenient to obtain, and are mainly used for establishing a colony ecological system suitable for plant growth. When a colony ecological system is established, residual fungi exist in each fungus dreg, so that other plant diseases and insect pests can be inhibited; each bacterial dreg contains a plurality of degrading enzymes, such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and the like, and can degrade lignin and partial hydrocarbon compounds; after fermenting with other organic matters and soil, the fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plant growth can be produced, and the structural physicochemical properties such as volume weight, solid-liquid-gas three-phase distribution and the like can be changed; can prevent diseases and insect pests, preserve fertilizer, preserve water and repair environmental pollution.
The pore-forming agents in the steps S1-S2 comprise air entraining agents and foaming agents, wherein the air entraining agents are 1 part by weight, and the foaming agents are 1 part by weight.
The air entraining agent is Japanese bamboo oil air entraining agent AE-200; the foaming agent is a Shuntai technology SA1000 type foaming agent.
The organic matters in the steps S1-S2 comprise the following raw material components in parts by mass: 25 parts of sawdust, 30 parts of rice hulls, 20 parts of grass ash, 10 parts of chicken manure and 10 parts of horse manure.
The water-retaining agents in the steps S1-S2 are SPA water-absorbing resin (SPA water-absorbing resin of Santa Classification of Jiangsu Wuxi Feng Min science and technology development Co., ltd.).
Step S0 is further included before step S1, wherein the step S0 is to perform nailing (particularly rust-proof wire netting) treatment on the area of the rock slope pre-sprayed base layer concrete.
The vegetation concrete is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the vegetation concrete.
The vegetation concrete prepared by the preparation method of the vegetation concrete is applied to planting greening plants; when the greening plants are planted, the seeds with the mass parts of 4 parts are uniformly mixed with the surface layer concrete (particularly, uniformly stirred for at least 1 minute) and then sprayed on the base layer concrete. During spraying, a spray gun is adopted, and the opening of the spray gun is about 1000mm away from the slope surface of the base layer concrete; the included angle between the spray gun and the slope is as vertical as possible, the spray gun is forbidden, the spray is not allowed to leak, the spray sequence is from top to bottom, and the sprayed surface is smooth and flat. Spraying the material in two layers (namely a bottom layer and a surface layer), wherein the average thickness of the bottom layer is 10cm, the thickness of the surface layer is not less than 20mm, the total thickness is more than 12cm, and the deviation of each layer is not more than 10mm. The water consumption must be controlled when preparing the surface layer concrete, so that the organic matters have enough water content and do not flow. After the spraying of the surface layer is completed, the non-woven fabric is paved for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Examples 2-3 and comparative examples 1-6 were also provided for specific experimental variables, see table 1. In addition, the composite fungus dreg used in the embodiment 2 is 5.5 parts of fungus dreg and 8 parts of flammulina velutipes dreg, the air entraining agent is 265 high-efficiency rosin air entraining agent produced by Shandong in China, the foaming agent is TH-IV high-molecular type concrete foaming agent (produced by Germany, is composite foaming agent and has better foam stability and closed pore rate), the water retaining agent is KM300 type water retaining agent (KM 300 type water retaining agent produced by Hebei Jiuqiu Jin Yu chemical Co., ltd.) and mainly comprises polyacrylamide and carboxymethyl cellulose, and is a functional high polymer material with extremely high water absorption capacity, so that the air entraining agent is nontoxic and harmless, repeatedly releases water and absorbs water, and therefore, agricultural people can compare the air entraining agent to be a miniature reservoir, and can absorb fertilizer and slowly release the air entraining agent to increase fertilizer efficiency, and reduce the volume weight of vegetation concrete and improve physical properties; the composite fungus dreg used in the example 3 is 11.5 parts of flammulina velutipes fungus dreg and 8 parts of oyster mushroom fungus dreg, and the air entraining agent, the foaming agent and the water retaining agent are all the same as the example 1.
TABLE 1
The vegetation concretes prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 corresponding to the data in Table 1 were tested and evaluated according to the test methods and evaluation indexes in Table 2, respectively, and the test results are shown in Table 2, for their application in planting greening plants (see specifically the plant coverage test items in Table 2).
TABLE 2 (noted as TABLE 2-1) Performance test of vegetation concretes prepared from examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-6
Table 2 (recorded as Table 2-2)
Table 2 (recorded as tables 2-3)
Table 2 (recorded as tables 2-4)
Table 2 (recorded as tables 2-5)
From the results in table 2, it is known that:
compared with comparative examples 1-6, the vegetation concrete prepared by adopting examples 1-3 meets the requirements of test standards on various performance tests, and the plant coverage rate is over 90%.
Wherein, pore-forming agents are not used in the base layer concrete and the surface layer concrete in the comparative example 1, and the prepared vegetation concrete has lower level in terms of ventilation porosity, water content, available phosphorus and microorganism number, and plant coverage rate only reaches 70%.
Organic matters are not used in the base layer concrete and the surface layer concrete in the comparative example 2, the prepared vegetation concrete has lower level in the aspects of hydrolyzing nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium, and the plant coverage rate is only 55%.
Plant fibers in the binder are not used in the base layer concrete and the surface layer concrete in the comparative example 3, and the prepared vegetation concrete has lower level in terms of unconfined compressive strength of 1d and 3d and lower tensile bonding strength in 28 days; the vegetation concrete prepared in the comparative example 3 has a higher level in terms of erosion modulus, i.e. is easy to erode; the vegetation concrete plant coverage prepared in comparative example 3 only reaches 61%.
Cellulose ether in the binder was not used in both the base layer concrete and the top layer concrete in comparative example 4, and dispersed latex in the binder was not used in both the base layer concrete and the top layer concrete in comparative example 5, and the vegetation concrete prepared therefrom had lower levels in terms of unconfined compressive strength of 1d and 3 d; meanwhile, the tensile bonding strength is lower in 28 days, and vegetation concrete prepared by the tensile bonding strength and the vegetation concrete has higher level in terms of erosion modulus, namely the vegetation concrete is easy to erode; furthermore, both plant coverage rates only reached 64%.
Composite bacterial residues are not used in the base layer concrete and the surface layer concrete in the comparative example 6, the prepared vegetation concrete has lower level in the aspects of hydrolyzed nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and microorganism number, and the plant coverage rate only reaches 60%.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the vegetation concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing base layer concrete on a rock slope with a gradient of 85-90 degrees
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the base layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the rock slope to form the base layer concrete;
wherein, the base concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450-500 parts of sandy loam, 95-150 parts of cement, 300-340 parts of water, 1.2-2 parts of pore-forming agent, 25.6-41 parts of binder, 0.65-0.85 part of first pH regulator, 13.5-25 parts of composite bacterial residues, 54-95 parts of organic matters, 2-15 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent; the first pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the base layer concrete to 6.5-7.5;
s2, manufacturing surface layer concrete on the base layer concrete
Uniformly mixing all the raw materials adopted by the surface layer concrete according to the required mass parts, and spraying the mixture on the base layer concrete to form the surface layer concrete;
wherein, the surface layer concrete adopts raw materials comprising 450-500 parts of cultivated soil, 95-150 parts of cement, 300-340 parts of water, 1.2-2 parts of pore-forming agent, 25.6-41 parts of binder, 0.65-0.85 part of second pH regulator, 13.5-25 parts of composite fungus residue, 54-95 parts of organic matter, 2-15 parts of compound fertilizer, 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent and 3-4 parts of plant seed; the second pH regulator is used for regulating the pH value of the surface layer concrete to be 6.5-7.5;
the binder in the steps S1-S2 comprises dispersed latex powder, cellulose ether and plant fiber.
2. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the binder consists of 0.3-0.5 parts by mass of dispersed latex, 0.3-0.5 parts by mass of cellulose ether and 25-40 parts by mass of plant fiber.
3. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the composite fungus residues in steps S1-S2 each include at least one of agaric fungus residues, flammulina velutipes fungus residues and oyster mushroom fungus residues.
4. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agents in steps S1-S2 each comprise an air entraining agent and a foaming agent, wherein the air entraining agent is 0.6-1 parts by mass and the foaming agent is 0.6-1 parts by mass.
5. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 4, wherein the air entraining agent comprises japanese bamboo oil air entraining agent AE-200 or chinese shandong 265 type high efficiency rosin air entraining agent; the foaming agent comprises a TH-IV high molecular type concrete foaming agent or a Zhejiang Shuntai technology SA1000 foaming agent.
6. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the organic matters in the steps S1-S2 all comprise the following raw material components in parts by mass: 15-25 parts of saw dust, 15-30 parts of rice husk, 12-20 parts of grass ash, 6-10 parts of chicken manure and 6-10 parts of horse manure.
7. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agents in steps S1-S2 each comprise SPA water-absorbing resin or KM300 type water-retaining agent.
8. The method for preparing vegetation concrete according to any of claims 1-7, further comprising step S0 before step S1, wherein step S0 is to spike the area of the rock slope pre-sprayed with base concrete.
9. A vegetation concrete prepared by the method for preparing a vegetation concrete according to claim 8.
10. The application of vegetation concrete is characterized in that the vegetation concrete prepared by the preparation method of the vegetation concrete as claimed in claim 8 is applied to planting greening plants; the greening plants are planted by uniformly mixing seeds with surface layer concrete and then spraying the mixture on the base layer concrete.
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