CN113851668B - Wave-type flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Wave-type flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851668B CN113851668B CN202111272431.XA CN202111272431A CN113851668B CN 113851668 B CN113851668 B CN 113851668B CN 202111272431 A CN202111272431 A CN 202111272431A CN 113851668 B CN113851668 B CN 113851668B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a wave-shaped flow field structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises an air inlet hole, a Y-shaped flow channel, a round flow channel, a hoof-shaped rib plate, a rectangular flow channel, a polar plate and air outlet holes, wherein the round flow channel and the Y-shaped flow channel are of wave-shaped structures and are alternately arranged, the air inlet is positioned in the center of the flow field structure, and the air outlet is uniformly distributed at the outermost side of the flow field. The reaction gas enters the flow field from the air inlet hole and is diffused outwards layer by layer through the round flow channel, the rectangular flow channel and the Y-shaped flow channel. Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the circular polar plate material to facilitate the uniform distribution of the reaction gas, the rectangular runner enhances the drainage performance of the flow field, the phenomenon of flooding is effectively avoided, the wave-shaped structure ensures that the gas is forced to convect, the separation speed is generated in the vertical direction, and the mass transfer efficiency and the power density of the fuel cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a wave-shaped flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a fuel cell for converting chemical energy into electric energy, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, cleanliness and high efficiency, compared with a heat engine, the fuel cell can directly convert chemical energy into electric energy without being limited by a Carnot cycle, the energy conversion efficiency can reach 90%, the fuel cell technology in recent years is rapidly developed, and the fuel cell is highly valued by various countries and related enterprises, and is called a21 st promising clean energy conversion device. Are widely used today where environmental protection is increasingly important.
The bipolar plate is also called a collector plate as one of core components of the fuel cell, plays roles of distributing gas, collecting current and supporting a cell structure, the flow field is a concave-convex groove formed on the bipolar plate, and the performance of the bipolar plate depends on the design of the flow field, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has better performance, on one hand, sufficient reactant supply is ensured, and on the other hand, water generated in the reaction process is discharged in time.
At present, common fuel cells are of parallel flow fields, snake-shaped flow fields and interdigital flow fields, and the parallel flow fields have the advantages of low manufacturing cost and reduced total pressure. However, when the flow field is too wide, water accumulation is easy to form, and a flooding phenomenon is caused.
The snake-shaped flow field has the advantage of good drainage effect, because a single flow path can effectively promote the transmission of liquid water, but the pressure drop of the snake-shaped flow field is larger, and the uneven distribution of gas concentration is easy to cause.
The interdigitated flow fields provide better water management than parallel flow fields and serpentine flow fields because they cause forced convection of reactant gases in the diffusion layer, but also result in a large pressure drop.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, a wave-shaped flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wave-shaped flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which aims at overcoming the defects of uneven distribution of reaction gas and poor drainage effect in the working process of the fuel cell and improves the current density of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a proton exchange membrane fuel cell wave-type flow field, characterized in that: comprises an air inlet, a polar plate, a round flow field, a Y-shaped flow channel, a rectangular flow channel, a hoof-shaped rib plate and an air outlet.
The shape of the further air inlet can be round or square, and the shape of the air outlet can be elliptical or rectangular.
Further air inlets and trapezoid rib plates are all machined on the pole plates. The air outlets are distributed on the outermost side of the flow field in an equidistant annular mode.
The inner Y-shaped runner and the outer Y-shaped runner are arranged in a delta shape, and the outlet of the inner Y-shaped runner and the inlet of the outer Y-shaped runner are on the same straight line.
Rectangular flow channels are further arranged at the bottoms of the trapezoid rib plates, the rectangular flow channels under the same trapezoid rib plate are distributed in parallel, and the number of the rectangular flow channels depends on the area of the polar plate.
The air outlets of the Y-shaped flow channels at the outermost side and the air outlet channels of the fuel cell are not in the same radial direction and are arranged in a staggered mode.
The longitudinal sections of the circular flow channel and the Y-shaped flow channel are in wavy curves, and the wavy curves of the circular flow channel are designed by adopting sine functions y=1-0.5 sin (pi x). The wavy curve of the Y-shaped flow passage adopts a sine function y=1-0.5 sin (3 pi/4*x), and the number ratio of the main flow passage to the branch flow passage in the Y-shaped flow passage is 1:2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The wave-shaped flow field of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell adopts a mode of adopting Y-shaped flow channels and round flow channels to be distributed successively, so that the whole structure is firmer. The Y-shaped flow channel structure has the advantages that the longitudinal section area of the branch flow channel is reduced, so that the flow speed of the reactant is accelerated, and the diffusion mass transfer efficiency of the reactant is improved. The circular flow channel is favorable for redistribution of reactants and improves the distribution uniformity of the reactants.
The flow field of the invention is circular, the air inlet channel is arranged at the center of the circle, the reaction gas is radially diffused, the phenomenon that the reaction gas is insufficient due to overlong flow channel is prevented from happening when the air inlet is arranged at one end, the water thermal management can be effectively carried out, the heat is propagated from the center of the circle to the periphery, the water flows from the center of the circle to the periphery, and the water thermal distribution is more uniform. The air outlet channels are distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the circular flow channel, so that the uniformity of distribution of the reaction gas on the outer side of the polar plate can be effectively improved.
The invention adopts the wavy flow passage, and the circular flow passage and the Y-shaped flow passage adopt different vibration angular frequencies, so that the phenomenon of too fast change of the gas diffusion speed is avoided.
The parallel rectangular flow channels are arranged at the bottoms of the hoof-shaped rib plates, so that aggregation of water under the rib is avoided, rapid discharge of product water is facilitated, and flow channel blockage and flooding are avoided.
The circular arc structure of the hoof-shaped rib plate is beneficial to reducing the resistance when gas passes through and reducing the pressure drop, thereby being beneficial to improving the current density.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the description will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a wave-shaped flow field structure of a PEM fuel cell according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a corrugated flow field rib plate structure of a PEM fuel cell according to the present invention
Drawing of the figure
In the figure: 1. air inlet holes, 2Y-shaped flow channels, 4 circular flow channels, 5 hoof-shaped rib plates, 3 air outlet holes, 6 rectangular flow channels, 7 polar plate materials
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application.
The wave-shaped flow field structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell shown in fig. 1 is of a circular structure and is axisymmetrically distributed, an air inlet hole (1) is arranged at the center of the flow field, an air outlet hole (3) is arranged at the outermost side of the flow field, Y-shaped flow channels are arranged in a staggered mode with the circular flow channels, one end of the innermost Y-shaped flow channel is connected with an air inlet channel, the other end of the innermost Y-shaped flow channel is connected with the circular channel, one end of the outermost circular channel is connected with the Y-shaped flow channel, and the other end of the outermost circular channel is connected with an air outlet channel.
Further, the longitudinal cross section area of the Y-shaped flow channel is gradually reduced, and the gradual reduction structure is beneficial to ensuring the radial diffusion speed of the reaction gas.
Further, rectangular grooves which are parallel to each other are formed in the lower ends of the hoof-shaped rib plates, drainage of product water is facilitated, water accumulation can be effectively avoided, and the number of the rectangular channels can be determined according to the area of the plate.
Further, the upper ends of the Y-shaped flow channel and the round channel are both in wave-shaped design, and the joint of the Y-shaped flow channel and the round channel is in smooth connection.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the reaction gas enters the whole flow field structure from the air inlet hole, starts to diffuse along the innermost Y-shaped flow channel and the rectangular flow channel, and in the Y-shaped flow channel diffusion process, the gas diffuses from the main flow channel into the branch flow channel and then into the circular flow channel. In the rectangular flow channel diffusion process, the reaction gas is directly diffused to the circular flow channel from the gas inlet through the rectangular flow channel. The reaction gas continues to diffuse outwards into the adjacent outer Y-shaped channels and rectangular channels after diffusing into the innermost circular channels, and so on repeatedly. The reaction gas gradually diffuses from the center to the periphery, and the generated liquid water and the residual reaction gas are discharged out of the flow field structure through the air outlet holes connected with the outermost circular channels.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell wave-type flow field structure, its characterized in that, the flow field includes inlet port (1), Y type runner (2), circular runner (4), hoof shape floor (5) and venthole (3), inlet port (1) set up in the centre of flow field, venthole (3) set up in the outermost side of flow field, Y type runner (2) with circular runner (4) are crisscross to be disposed, innermost Y type runner (2) one end is connected inlet port (1), the other end is connected circular runner (4), and outermost circular runner (4) one end is connected Y type runner (2), the other end with venthole (3) are connected, set up hoof shape floor (5) between adjacent Y type runner (2), hoof shape floor (5) bottom distribution has rectangular runner (6), inlet port (1), hoof shape floor (5) and venthole (3) all process on the polar plate material and with venthole intercommunication, the longitudinal section shape of Y type runner (2) and circular runner (4) is wave curve.
2. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell wave-type flow field structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate material (7) is circular in overall shape.
3. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell wave-type flow field structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum height of the Y-shaped flow channel (2) and the circular flow channel (4) is 1mm, the minimum height is 0.5mm, and the rectangular flow channel height is 0.2mm.
4. The pem fuel cell of claim 1 wherein said inlet aperture is equidistant from adjacent circular flow channels and between adjacent circular flow channels.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111272431.XA CN113851668B (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 | Wave-type flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111272431.XA CN113851668B (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2021-10-29 | Wave-type flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113851668A CN113851668A (en) | 2021-12-28 |
| CN113851668B true CN113851668B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN215955330U (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 山东建筑大学 | Wave-shaped flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN101656320B (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-01-18 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Flow-field plate for electrochemical cell |
| CN102832399B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2014-12-03 | 武汉理工大学 | Ring fuel cell bipolar plate |
| TWI470868B (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2015-01-21 | Nat Univ Tsing Hua | Fuel-fed reaction device for passive fuel cells |
| CN206194865U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fuel cell bipolar plate in web frame flow field |
| CN114503314B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2024-09-06 | Ch创新公司 | Compact fuel cell module and assembly |
| CN111370726B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-10-08 | 山东建筑大学 | Radial flow field structure of fuel cell |
| CN111613808A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-01 | 上海理工大学 | Bionic proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure based on spider web derivation |
| CN214477554U (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-10-22 | 百博(深圳)氢能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell plate flow channel structure and fuel cell |
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| CN215955330U (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-04 | 山东建筑大学 | Wave-shaped flow field structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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