CN114204066A - Tapered parallel snakelike runner structure and proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Tapered parallel snakelike runner structure and proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114204066A CN114204066A CN202111353762.6A CN202111353762A CN114204066A CN 114204066 A CN114204066 A CN 114204066A CN 202111353762 A CN202111353762 A CN 202111353762A CN 114204066 A CN114204066 A CN 114204066A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
- H01M8/1006—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a tapered parallel snakelike flow passage structure and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The shape of the flow channel is improved according to a parallel snake-shaped flow channel, the upper surface of the main flow channel is of a wavy structure, and the lower surface of the main flow channel and the surface of the turning area are of a horizontal structure; the flow channel is an improvement of a parallel snake-shaped flow channel; the runners are combined when the runners turn along the flowing direction of the gas, and the number of the runners is decreased progressively according to the multiple of 1/n; the flow passage has simple structural design, easy processing and lower cost; the wavy design of the flow channel structure can effectively promote the diffusion of gas in the flow channel, more oxygen enters the catalyst layer, the current density is increased, and the drainage effect of the cathode is improved; the concentration of the reaction gas at the position close to the outlet flow channel is effectively increased by the tapered flow channel, so that the utilization rate of the platinum in the catalyst layer at the position close to the outlet is improved, and the current density distribution is uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, particularly relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel structure, and particularly relates to a tapered parallel serpentine flow channel which is improved based on a parallel serpentine flow channel and enhances mass transfer by waves.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure.
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a device that converts chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. The device has the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, high energy conversion efficiency, large current density, no noise pollution, high reliability, rich resources and the like, and is widely considered as the most promising power generation technology. The flow channel of the fuel cell plays an important role in transporting reaction gas and discharging liquid water. The reasonable proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel design can solve the problems of uneven distribution of reaction gas, cathode flooding and the like to a great extent, improve the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and prolong the service life.
However, most of the conventional flow channels (such as the parallel flow channels, the parallel serpentine flow channels, the interdigital flow channels, etc. shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3) have the problems of excessive voltage drop, easy flooding, or too low current density at the near-exit, low platinum utilization rate, uneven current distribution, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention designs a tapered parallel snakelike flow channel structure and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell applying the flow channel structure. The upper surface of the main runner is of a wavy texture structure, so that the transportation effect of gas in the runner is enhanced, and the current density is increased. The gradually combined flow channel increases the concentration of the reaction gas in the near outlet area, solves the problem of non-uniformity of the reaction gas in the flow channel, improves the utilization rate of platinum in the near outlet area, and improves the uniformity of current density distribution.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell with a tapered parallel snakelike runner structure comprises a plurality of groups of runners, wherein the runners are arranged on the outer side of a membrane electrode and are composed of a plurality of side runners and a plurality of main runners; the end parts of the main flow channels are connected through the side flow channels to realize gas steering; when the gas flow direction is turned, the flow channels are combined, and the number of the flow channels is reduced by 1/n times, so that the flow channels are designed in a parallel snake-shaped flow channel, and n is more than or equal to 2.
Further, along the flow direction, the upper surface of the main runner is of a wavy structure, and the lower surface of the main runner and the surface of the turning area are of a horizontal structure;
further, the line type of the wavy structure on the upper surface of the main runner is designed by adopting a sine function.
Further, the sine function adopted by the wavy structure on the upper surface of the main runner is expressed as:
y＝a*sin(ω*x+b)+c
wherein y is the height of any point on the curve of the wavy structure on the upper surface of the main runner, x is the length of the runner, a is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency of the curve, b is the initial phase, and c is the constant coefficient.
Further, the width of the flow channel is less than 3mm, the maximum depth of the flow channel is less than 3mm, and the minimum depth is less than 2 mm; in the above solution, the width of the ridge is less than 3 mm.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of flow channels are arranged, and the flow channels are arranged on the membrane electrode in a rectangular shape.
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a tapered parallel snakelike runner structure is characterized in that tapered parallel snakelike runner structures are arranged on two sides of a membrane electrode, the tapered parallel snakelike runner structures on the two sides are an anode runner and a cathode runner respectively, and the gas flow directions of the anode runner and the cathode runner adopt counter flows; the membrane electrode (1) is formed by a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer which are symmetrical about the center of the proton exchange membrane.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the upper surface of the main runner adopts a wavy structure, so that the disturbance of airflow in the runner is increased, the transportation effect of gas in the runner is enhanced, reaction gas can enter the cell more easily, and the current density is increased;
(2) the gradually combined flow channels increase the concentration of the reaction gas in the near outlet area, effectively relieve the problem of non-uniformity of the reaction gas in the flow channels, improve the utilization rate of platinum in the near outlet area and improve the uniformity of current density distribution;
(3) the upper surface of the main runner is of a wave structure, and the turning part is of a horizontal structure, so that the processing cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional parallel serpentine flow channel structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional parallel flow channel structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional interdigitated flow channel structure;
FIG. 4 is a flow channel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a flow channel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a flow channel of the present invention;
in fig. 7, a, b, c, d are schematic diagrams of pressure drop comparison corresponding to the conventional parallel serpentine flow channel, the conventional parallel flow channel, the conventional interdigital flow channel, and the flow channel of the present invention, and the unit is Pa;
in FIG. 8, a, b, c, d are schematic current density comparison diagrams corresponding to the conventional parallel serpentine channel, the conventional parallel channel, the conventional interdigital channel, and the channel of the present invention, respectively, and the units are A/m2；
As shown in figure 9, the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure is arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode,
in the figure, 1, a membrane electrode, 2, a flow channel, 2-1, a side flow channel, 2-2 and a main flow channel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure provided by the present invention includes a membrane electrode 1 and flow channels 2 arranged in a tapered manner on both sides of the membrane electrode 1; the flow channel 2 is composed of a plurality of side flow channels 2-1 and a plurality of main flow channels 2-2.
The surface of the membrane electrode 1 is a horizontal structure, and a plurality of main channels 2-2 arranged in parallel are arranged on the surface of the membrane electrode 1, and in the present embodiment, only 6 main channels 2-2 are taken as an example for explanation. In the 4 inlet main flow channels 2-2, two adjacent inlet main flow channels 2-2 are divided into a group, so that the inlet main flow channels close to the outer side are a first group, the inlet main flow channels close to the inner side are a second group, and the inlet main flow channels 2-2 in each group are the same in length; the side flow passage 2-1 is divided into a first side flow passage a, a second side flow passage b, a third side flow passage c and a fourth side flow passage d. The right ends (inlet ends) of the inlet main flow channels 2-2 in the two groups are flush and communicated with the first side flow channel a, one end of the first side flow channel a is open and is an inlet, and the other end of the first side flow channel a is closed. The left ends of the inlet main flow channels 2-2 in the first group are communicated with one end of the second side flow channel b, the other end of the second side flow channel b is connected with one outlet main flow channel 2-2, and because the two ends of the second side flow channel b are closed, airflow input into the two inlet main flow channels 2-2 is converged by the second side flow channel b and then is discharged from the outlet main flow channel 2-2, so that the tapered design is realized.
Similarly, the left ends of the two inlet main flow channels 2-2 in the second group are both communicated with one end of the third side flow channel c, the other end of the third side flow channel c is connected with one outlet main flow channel 2-2, the two ends of the third side flow channel c are closed, and the air flow input into the two inlet main flow channels 2-2 is collected by the second side flow channel b and then discharged from one outlet main flow channel 2-2. While the inlet primary channels 2-2 of the second group are shorter than the inlet primary channels 2-2 of the first group, so that the second group is present on the membrane electrode 1 between the inlet and outlet tubes of the first group.
The right ends of the outlet main flow channels 2-2 in the first group and the outlet main flow channels 2-2 in the second group are connected with one end of a closed fourth side flow channel d, the other end of the fourth side flow channel d converges the exhausted gas through one outlet main flow channel 2-2 and then exhausts the exhausted gas, and the tapered design is achieved again.
The present application is described with reference to only 6 (two) main channels 2-2, but the present application is not limited to 6, and if a third group is provided, the main channels may be provided on both sides of the membrane electrode 1 according to the above-mentioned rules. In the embodiment, the number of the flow passages is decreased by 1/2 times, and the flow passages can also be designed according to various forms such as 1/3, 1/4 and the like.
In order to increase the disturbance of the airflow in the flow channel and strengthen the transportation effect of the gas in the flow channel, the upper surface of the main flow channel 2-2 in the application is designed into a wave-shaped structure along the flowing direction of the gas, and the lower surface of the main flow channel 2-2 and the surface of the turning area are in a horizontal structure. In the application, the main flow channel 2-2 is arranged on the membrane electrode 1 in a parallel snake shape and is embodied as follows: merging when the gas turns along the flowing direction of the gas, and decreasing the number of the flow channels by times of 1/2; the width of the flow channel is unchanged, and the depth is increased or decreased according to a sine function.
The number of the flow channels is reduced gradually according to 4-2, the inlet is provided with 4 flow channels, and the outlet is provided with double flow channels. The turns merge to give 6 parallel flow paths.
The width of the flow channels and the width of the ribs are both 1mm, and the layout of the flow channels on the flow field plate is a rectangle with 38 x 12 mm.
More preferably, the line type of the wave shape of the upper surface of the main runner (the length is 3mm-37mm) is designed by selecting a sine function, and the sine function is specifically adopted as follows: y 1/8 sin (2 pi/5 (x-3) + pi/2) + 1.2. The width of the flow channel is 0-3mm, the maximum depth of the flow channel is 0-3mm, the minimum depth of the flow channel is 0-2mm, and the width of the ridge is 0-3 mm. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the width of each flow channel is 1mm, and the depth of each flow channel is 1mm at maximum and 0.75mm at minimum.
The runner is 3 strokes in total, and the turning part is a horizontal right-angle structure, so that the runner structure is greatly simplified, and the processing cost is reduced.
To further verify the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure designed in this application, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the pressure drop of the parallel serpentine flow channel, the parallel flow channel, the interdigital flow channel and the flow channel proposed in the present invention under the same condition. The pressure drop of the flow channels is too low, liquid water cannot be discharged, and flooding is easily caused, such as parallel flow channels; too high a pressure drop in the flow channels can cause significant pumping losses, for example, interdigitated flow channels. As shown in FIG. 7, the pressure drop of the parallel serpentine flow channel is 47Pa, the pressure drop of the parallel flow channel is 24Pa, the pressure drop of the interdigital flow channel is 167Pa, and the pressure drop remained in the invention is 54 Pa. It can be seen that the flow channels proposed by the present invention have great advantages in pressure drop compared to the conventional parallel flow channels and interdigitated flow channels.
Fig. 8 shows the current density of the parallel serpentine channels, the parallel channels, the interdigitated channels and the channels proposed by the present invention under the same conditions. The average value of the current density of the parallel serpentine flow channel is 7534A/m2The average value of the current density of the parallel flow channel is 7464A/m2The average value of the current density of the interdigital flow channel is 7557A/m2The average value of the current density of the flow channel provided by the invention is 7602A/m2. It can be seen that the average value of the current density of the flow channel provided by the invention has greater advantages than the parallel serpentine flow channel and the parallel flow channel, and the current density distribution is more uniform. Although the average value of the current density is lower than that of the interdigital flow channel, the average value of the current density is superior to that of the interdigital flow channel in the aspects of voltage drop, uniformity degree of the current density and the like.
Based on the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure designed by the application, the application also designs a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure, for example, fig. 9 shows that tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structures are arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode 1, the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structures on both sides are an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel respectively, and the gas flow directions of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel adopt counter flows; the membrane electrode (1) is formed by a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer which are in central symmetry with respect to a proton exchange membrane layer. In the application, the anode and cathode runners adopt countercurrent, which is beneficial to the diffusion of water from the cathode to the anode and the uniform distribution of current density and temperature.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional flow channel, the flow channel provided by the invention has great advantages in the aspects of pressure drop, current density distribution and the like, is convenient to process and low in cost, and can be used for actual production.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the design idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the principles and concepts disclosed herein are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A tapered parallel snake-shaped flow channel structure is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of flow channels (2), wherein the flow channels (2) are arranged on the outer side of a membrane electrode (1), and the flow channels (2) are composed of a plurality of side flow channels (2-1) and a plurality of main flow channels (2-2); the end parts of the main flow channels (2-2) are connected through the side flow channels (2-1) to realize gas turning; when the gas flow direction is turned, the flow channels are combined, and the number of the flow channels is reduced by 1/n times, so that the flow channels are designed in a parallel snake-shaped flow channel, and n is more than or equal to 2.
2. A tapered parallel serpentine channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the main channel (2-2) is in a wave-like structure, and the lower surface of the main channel (2-2) and the surface of the turning area are in a horizontal structure in the flow direction.
3. A tapered parallel serpentine channel structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the line shape of the wave-like structure of the upper surface of the main channel (2-2) is designed with a sine function.
4. A tapered parallel serpentine channel structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the sine function of the wavy structure of the upper surface of the main channel (2-2) is expressed as:
y＝a*sin(ω*x+b)+c
wherein y is the height of any point on the curve of the wavy structure on the upper surface of the main runner, x is the length of the runner, a is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency of the curve, b is the initial phase, and c is the constant coefficient.
5. The structure of a tapered parallel serpentine flow channel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the width of the flow channel is less than 3mm, the maximum depth of the flow channel is less than 3mm, and the minimum depth is less than 2 mm; in the above solution, the width of the ridge is less than 3 mm.
6. A tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sets of flow channels (2) are provided, and the flow channels (2) are arranged in a rectangular shape on the membrane electrode 1.
7. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure according to claim 1, wherein the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structure is arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode (1), the tapered parallel serpentine flow channel structures on both sides are an anode flow channel and a cathode flow channel respectively, and the gas flow directions of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel adopt counter-flow;
the membrane electrode (1) is formed by a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer which are symmetrical about the center of the proton exchange membrane.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111353762.6A CN114204066A (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Tapered parallel snakelike runner structure and proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN202111353762.6A CN114204066A (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Tapered parallel snakelike runner structure and proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709440A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate |
| CN115000455A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江氢邦科技有限公司 | Solid oxide fuel cell connector |
| CN115642270A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-24 | 南方科技大学 | Snakelike runner structure and redox flow battery with gradient |
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| CN103746129A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | Proton membrane fuel cell flow channels with optimized fuel cell drainage performance |
| CN108963297A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | The waveform flow channels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells of convection current under a kind of reinforcing ridge |
| CN109768300A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-17 | 湖南理工学院 | One proton exchanging film fuel battery parallel three-dimensional wave shape wave flow field |
| CN113258094A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 张国胜 | Bipolar plate with asymmetric flow field, fuel cell stack and power generation system |
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2021
- 2021-11-16 CN CN202111353762.6A patent/CN114204066A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103746129A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-23 | 上海交通大学 | Proton membrane fuel cell flow channels with optimized fuel cell drainage performance |
| CN108963297A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | The waveform flow channels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells of convection current under a kind of reinforcing ridge |
| CN109768300A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-17 | 湖南理工学院 | One proton exchanging film fuel battery parallel three-dimensional wave shape wave flow field |
| CN113258094A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-13 | 张国胜 | Bipolar plate with asymmetric flow field, fuel cell stack and power generation system |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709440A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate |
| CN114709440B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-26 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate |
| CN115000455A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江氢邦科技有限公司 | Solid oxide fuel cell connector |
| CN115642270A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-24 | 南方科技大学 | Snakelike runner structure and redox flow battery with gradient |
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