CN215220769U - Bipolar plate of interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure of fuel cell - Google Patents
Bipolar plate of interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN215220769U CN215220769U CN202120728931.9U CN202120728931U CN215220769U CN 215220769 U CN215220769 U CN 215220769U CN 202120728931 U CN202120728931 U CN 202120728931U CN 215220769 U CN215220769 U CN 215220769U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model discloses a bipolar plate with an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure of a fuel cell, which comprises an upstream air inlet flow field and a downstream air outlet flow field which are mutually separated; the two flow fields of the upstream air inlet flow field and the downstream air outlet flow field are interdigitated flow fields, and the flow channel structure of the flow fields is a variable cross-section flow channel structure. The flow channels of the two flow fields are of a dam type three-dimensional flow channel structure with wave-shaped depth or longitudinal segmentation alternation in the longitudinal direction of the flow channels; a transverse communication channel with half-height depth is arranged at the trough (or the trapezoidal bottom) of the wavy (or sectionally alternate dam-type) flow channel; the utility model provides a pair of fuel cell's interdigital type variable cross section runner structure's bipolar plate can enough realize that gas produces turbulent effect in the runner, increases gaseous forced convection effect at the reaction surface, simultaneously, can realize the gathering of resultant-water to with it smooth exhaust effect, the effectual working property that improves fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell, especially, relate to a fuel cell's interdigital type variable cross section runner structure's bipolar plate.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion rate, environmental friendliness and the like because the fuel cell does not need to burn in the power generation process and is not limited by Carnot cycle, thereby becoming one of the most ideal new energy technologies recognized in the world today.
The performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is influenced by various factors, besides that the water conductivity of the proton exchange membrane is an important parameter influencing the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the fuel cell bipolar plate is one of key components of the fuel cell, the flow channel structure design of the fuel cell bipolar plate also plays a decisive role in the aspects of distributing fuel gas (or oxidant), conducting electricity, conducting heat, draining water and the like, and the flow channel design of the bipolar plate directly influences whether the supply of the fuel (or oxidant) gas can be uniformly distributed and whether product water can be smoothly discharged and the like. The ideal flow channel structure design can ensure that the gas passing through the flow channel is uniformly distributed in the whole reaction area and passes through the gas diffusion layer to reach the catalyst layer so as to fully perform chemical reaction, and meanwhile, the water of a reaction product can be smoothly discharged out of the fuel cell through the flow channel, so that the fuel cell achieves good working performance.
The bipolar plate flow channel structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the prior art has the following defects:
in the existing fuel cell technology, the flow channel of the bipolar plate is designed to be of an equal-section flow channel structure, and in the flow field structure, the section shape and the area of the flow channel are not changed along the flow channel direction, so that the pressure of gas is gradually reduced and the molar concentration of the gas is also gradually reduced along the flow channel direction in the process that the gas passes through the flow channel, which is not beneficial to timely and effective discharge of reactant water and further influences the working performance of the fuel cell.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The shortcoming and the not enough of prior art more than, the utility model provides a fuel cell's interdigital type variable cross section runner structure's bipolar plate can enough realize that gas produces turbulent effect in the runner, increases gaseous forced convection effect at the reaction surface, improves fuel cell's performance, simultaneously, can realize the gathering of formation thing water to with it smooth exhaust effect, guaranteed the good working property of fuel cell.
The utility model discloses realize the concrete technical scheme of above-mentioned effect as follows:
a bipolar plate with an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure for a fuel cell comprises two flow fields which are mutually separated, wherein one flow field is an upstream air inlet flow field, and the other flow field is a downstream air outlet flow field; the two flow fields are interdigitated flow fields.
Furthermore, the flow channels of the upstream air inlet flow field and the downstream air outlet flow field are of variable cross-section flow channel structures.
Particularly preferably, the flow channel of the upstream air inlet flow field is a wave-shaped three-dimensional flow channel structure with constant longitudinal depth gradient along the flow channel direction; the flow channel of the downstream air outlet flow field is of a wave-shaped three-dimensional flow channel structure with longitudinal depth gradient gradually reduced along the flow channel direction;
particularly preferably, the flow channel structure of the upstream (and/or) downstream flow field can also be a dam-type three-dimensional flow channel structure which is longitudinally and sectionally alternated along the flow channel direction; the longitudinal section of the flow channel is of a zigzag structure with an alternate trapezoid shape.
Particularly preferably, the radial section of the variable cross-section flow channel is U-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular;
particularly preferably, a transverse communication channel with a half-height depth is arranged at a wave trough (trapezoid bottom) of the wave-shaped (or zigzag) flow channel, which is the longitudinal depth of the upstream air inlet flow field, and at a wave trough (trapezoid bottom) of the wave-shaped (or zigzag) flow channel, which is the longitudinal depth of the downstream air outlet flow field;
particularly preferably, the radial section of the transverse communication channel with the half base height is U-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular;
optionally, the transverse communication channel with half base height has a radial section channel width of 1/3 or 1/4 of the flow channel width;
furthermore, the semi-high-base transverse communication channel is a partially arranged channel at a certain distance position in the length direction of the flow channel, and the density degree of the channel is changed due to different power of the galvanic pile;
more preferably, the number of the channels arranged at the end section of the flow channel of the upstream flow field is larger than that of the channels arranged at the middle section and the upper section;
particularly, in the bipolar plate with the interdigitated flow channel structure of the fuel cell, the flow channel width of the downstream outlet flow field is smaller than that of the upstream inlet flow field;
optionally, the flow channel width of the downstream outlet flow field is 3/4 of the upstream inlet flow field width;
the utility model discloses owing to adopt above technical scheme, make it compare with prior art and have following advantage and positive effect:
1) the utility model provides a bipolar plate of fuel cell's interdigital type variable cross section runner structure, its flow field structure is the interdigital type flow field, be two flow fields of keeping apart each other between upstream flow field and the downstream flow field, gas gets into the downstream flow field from the upstream flow field, must be under gaseous higher pressure, force to pass gas diffusion layer, reach the catalyst department of membrane electrode, after gaseous reaction, tail exhaust part gas gets into in the runner in downstream flow field, then outside the discharge system, this is favorable to very big improvement fuel cell's reaction rate and efficiency, and then improve its performance of electricity generation, see figure 2 and show.
2) The utility model provides a bipolar plate of interdigitated variable cross-section runner structure of fuel cell, the runner in its upstream inlet flow field and the low reaches flow field of giving vent to anger all is variable cross-section runner structure.
The flow channel of the upstream and/or downstream flow field is a dam-type three-dimensional variable cross-section flow channel structure which is wavy or longitudinally and sectionally alternated along the flow channel direction, which is beneficial to forming a velocity component of gas in the direction vertical to the flow channel plane at the position where the flow channel cross-section is narrowed, so that the gas can enter the catalyst layer in a forced convection mode vertical to the flow channel plane, and the gas transmission capacity is enhanced along with the gradual increase of the current density to reduce the gas concentration loss, thereby further improving the power generation performance of the fuel cell, as shown in fig. 3;
3) the utility model provides a bipolar plate with an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure of a fuel cell, wherein the flow channel of a downstream gas outlet flow field is a dam-type three-dimensional flow channel structure with a wave shape or a longitudinal subsection alternation, the longitudinal depth gradient of which is gradually reduced along the flow channel direction; the gas velocity in the flow channel plane direction of the downstream flow field and the gas velocity in the direction vertical to the flow channel plane are gradually increased, and the gas transmission capability and the drainage performance of the battery are enhanced;
4) the utility model provides a bipolar plate of fuel cell's interdigital variable cross section runner structure, the vertical degree of depth at its partial upper reaches air inlet flow field is the trough (trapezoidal bottom) department of wave (or zigzag) runner, with the vertical degree of depth in the downstream air outlet flow field for the trough (trapezoidal bottom) department of wave (or zigzag) runner, be provided with the horizontal intercommunication passageway that the degree of depth is half basic height, and its channel cross section is less, this is favorable to forming the gathering of reaction water at the here of runner, and in the in-process that gets into the downstream flow field through less passageway, the runner internal pressure reduces, the velocity of flow increases, can be quick with the log raft to the downstream flow field, realize good drainage performance;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a variable cross-section interdigitated flow field according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the gas flow pattern as an interdigitated flow field in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view showing the change of the depth in the flow direction in the form of waves in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention showing the change of the shape of the segmented embankment along the depth of the flow path in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a prior art gas flow pattern with no change in cross-section along the flow path;
description of reference numerals: 001-proton exchange membrane; 002-bipolar plate; 003-gas diffusion layer; 004-catalyst layer; 005-bipolar plate flow channels; 1-communicating channels of upstream and downstream flow fields; 2-trough (trapezoid bottom) of the variable cross-section flow channel; 3-upstream inlet flow field; 4-downstream exit gas flow field;
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a bipolar plate with an interdigitated flow channel structure with variable cross-section for a fuel cell, which will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and principle descriptions are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify and color the bipolar plate without changing the spirit and content of the present invention.
Brief description of the prior art:
as shown in fig. 5, in the prior art, most of the flow channels 005 of the fuel cell bipolar plate 002 still adopt a structure form that the cross-sectional shape and area of the flow channel are fixed without change, the form that the gas flows through the flow channel 005 usually flows along the parallel direction of the flow channel, less gas has a velocity component in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the flow channel 005, and the gas passes through the gas diffusion layer 003 to reach the catalyst layer 004 of the proton exchange membrane 001 by diffusion under a certain and smaller gas pressure, so the power generation performance and efficiency of the fuel cell are not very high, and especially under a longer flow channel 005, the end of the flow channel 005 is difficult to discharge water generated due to the reduction of the gas molar concentration and the pressure reduction, and a larger concentration polarization phenomenon is formed, thereby affecting the performance of the fuel cell.
The utility model provides a bipolar plate with an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure for a fuel cell, which comprises two flow fields separated from each other, one is an upstream air inlet flow field 1, and the other is a downstream air outlet flow field 4; the two flow fields are interdigitated flow fields, please refer to fig. 1.
The upstream inlet flow field 1 and the downstream outlet flow field 4 of the interdigitated flow field are separated from each other, and the gas flow channels 005 of the upstream inlet flow field 1 and the downstream outlet flow field 4 are in a finger-shaped staggered distribution form. Because the end of the flow channel 005 of the upstream inlet flow field 1 is a blind end, the gas can only forcibly pass through the gas diffusion layer 003 to reach the catalyst layer 004 of the proton exchange membrane 001 under a large pressure and then enter the downstream outlet flow field 4 through the gas diffusion layer, so that the forced convection of the gas is formed at the gas diffusion layer 003, the concentration and the pressure of the gas participating in the reaction are improved, and the generated water is discharged into the flow channel 005 of the downstream outlet flow field 4 through the gas diffusion layer 003, so that the timely discharge of the water is facilitated, and the performance of the fuel cell can be obviously improved;
simultaneously, because the utility model discloses in, the runner 005 of upstream inlet flow field 1 and downstream outlet flow field 4 all be variable cross section runner structure, its runner 005 is the three-dimensional runner structure of wave (or the trapezoidal zigzag of segmentation alternative) for vertical degree of depth along the runner direction, as shown in fig. 2: after the gas enters the flow channel 005, the gas is easy to form a turbulent flow state along with the continuous change of the cross section of the flow channel 005 in the flow channel direction, and at the position where the cross section of the flow channel 005 is narrowed, the formed gas has a velocity component in the direction vertical to the plane of the flow channel 005, so that the formed gas can enter the catalyst layer 004 in a forced convection mode vertical to the plane of the flow channel 005, the flow velocity of the gas is accelerated, and the gas transmission capacity is enhanced along with the gradual increase of the current density, so that the gas concentration loss is reduced; when gas enters the wider section of the flow channel 005 through the narrower section of the flow channel 005, the effect of discharging accumulated water in the gas diffusion layer into the flow channel 005 can be enhanced, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be further improved;
third, the utility model discloses in, for further optimizing fuel cell's water management the vertical degree of depth of upper reaches air intake flow field 1 is trough (trapezoidal bottom) department of wave (or zigzag) runner 005, and the vertical degree of depth of the flow field 4 of giving vent to anger with low reaches is trough (trapezoidal bottom) department of wave (or zigzag) runner 005, is provided with the degree of depth and is half basic height's horizontal intercommunication passageway 3, gives vent to anger the flow field intercommunication with upper reaches air intake flow field 1 and low reaches. Because in the flow channels 005 of the bipolar plate 002, the wave trough (trapezoid bottom) of the wave-shaped (or zigzag) flow channel 005 is easy to form certain water accumulation;
meanwhile, as the communication channel 3 with half base height is arranged at the position, the channel section is smaller, the flow velocity can be increased when gas passes through, and the water generated in the upstream gas inlet flow field 1 can be rapidly discharged into the downstream gas outlet flow field 4;
fourthly, in the utility model, the flow channel 005 of the downstream gas outlet flow field 4 is a wave or (zigzag) three-dimensional flow channel structure with gradually reduced longitudinal depth gradient along the flow channel direction, when the gas flow changes the cross-section flow channel 005 with gradually reduced longitudinal depth gradient, the gas speed in the flow channel 005 plane direction and the direction perpendicular to the flow channel 005 plane direction of the downstream gas outlet flow field 4 can be gradually increased, and the gas transmission capability and the drainage performance of the downstream gas outlet flow field 4 of the fuel cell are further enhanced;
meanwhile, the width of the flow channel 005 of the downstream outlet flow field 4 is smaller than that of the upstream inlet flow field 1, so that the reduction of the gas molar concentration entering the downstream outlet flow field 4 is reduced, the gas pressure is gradually increased, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell can be improved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, the changes are still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (13)
1. A bipolar plate with an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising two flow fields which are mutually separated, wherein one flow field is an upstream air inlet flow field, and the other flow field is a downstream air outlet flow field; the two flow fields are interdigitated flow fields.
2. The bipolar plate having an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flow channels of the upstream inlet gas flow field and the downstream outlet gas flow field are all of a flow channel structure having a variable cross section.
3. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the flow channels of the upstream inlet flow field have a wavy three-dimensional flow channel structure with a constant longitudinal depth gradient along the flow channel direction; and the flow channel of the downstream air outlet flow field is a wave-shaped three-dimensional flow channel structure with gradually reduced longitudinal depth gradient along the flow channel direction.
4. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the flow channels of the upstream inlet flow field have a dam-type three-dimensional flow channel structure with longitudinal segments having a constant longitudinal depth gradient along the flow channel direction; and the flow channel of the downstream air outlet flow field is of a longitudinal sectional alternate dam type three-dimensional flow channel structure with longitudinal depth gradient gradually reduced along the flow channel direction.
5. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the flow channel has a U-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular transverse cross-sectional shape.
6. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein a lateral communication channel having a half-height depth is provided between the valleys of the wavy flow channels of the upstream inlet gas flow field and the valleys of the wavy flow channels of the downstream outlet gas flow field.
7. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein a lateral communication channel having a depth of half a step is provided between the trapezoidal bottoms of the flow channels of the upstream inlet flow field and the trapezoidal bottoms of the flow channels of the downstream outlet flow field.
8. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the radial sectional shape of the lateral communication channels is U-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular; the radial cross section width of the transverse communication channel is smaller than the cross section width of the flow channel of the upstream air inlet flow field and the downstream air outlet flow field.
9. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein the radial cross-sectional channel width of the transverse communication channels is 1/3 or 1/4 of the flow channel cross-sectional width of the upstream inlet gas flow field and/or the downstream outlet gas flow field.
10. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the lateral communication channels are laterally communicated channels that are spaced apart in a length direction of the flow channel.
11. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated variable cross-section flow channel structure for a fuel cell of claim 10, wherein the number of said transverse communication channels at the end section of said upstream flow field channels is greater than the number of said transverse communication channels at the upper or middle section of said upstream flow field channels.
12. The bipolar plate having an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the flow channel width of the downstream outlet flow field is smaller than the width of the upstream inlet flow field.
13. The bipolar plate of an interdigitated flow channel structure for a fuel cell of claim 12, wherein the flow channel width of said downstream outlet flow field is 3/4 times the flow channel width of said upstream inlet flow field.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709439A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate |
| CN114709441A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-05 | 山东大学 | Variable-section runner polar plate, cooling system, battery and control method thereof |
| CN117650255A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 南昌大学 | Fuel cell with flow channel of local bidirectional converging and diverging structure |
-
2021
- 2021-04-12 CN CN202120728931.9U patent/CN215220769U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709441A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-05 | 山东大学 | Variable-section runner polar plate, cooling system, battery and control method thereof |
| CN114709441B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-09-22 | 山东大学 | Variable-section flow passage polar plate, cooling system, battery and control method of battery |
| CN114709439A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow field plate |
| CN117650255A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 南昌大学 | Fuel cell with flow channel of local bidirectional converging and diverging structure |
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