CN112038656A - Fuel cell flow field plate and fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell flow field plate and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112038656A CN112038656A CN202010980427.8A CN202010980427A CN112038656A CN 112038656 A CN112038656 A CN 112038656A CN 202010980427 A CN202010980427 A CN 202010980427A CN 112038656 A CN112038656 A CN 112038656A
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- flow channel
- fuel cell
- flow
- field plate
- flow field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flow field plate of a fuel cell and the fuel cell, and relates to the field of fuel cells. It is mainly suitable for hydrogen-air fuel cell and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The flow field plate includes: the flow channel comprises an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel, ridges and bosses on the ridges, wherein the bosses are distributed on the ridges on two sides of the flow channel along the flow channel direction and penetrate through the whole flow channel. The invention divides the interface of the liquid drop in the flow channel and the flow channel wall by arranging the bosses on the wall surfaces at the two sides of the flow channel, reduces the effective contact area of the liquid drop and the flow channel wall, inhibits the liquid water from forming a continuous water film, is beneficial to discharging the liquid water and relieves the occurrence of the flooding phenomenon. The boss structure also strengthens airflow disturbance, increases the convection heat exchange area and improves the mass transfer and heat exchange capacity of the flow field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a flow field plate of a fuel cell and the fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen-air fuel cell uses hydrogen as a reducing agent and oxygen as an oxidizing agent, and realizes the direct conversion of chemical energy into electric energy through chemical reaction, because the conversion of thermal energy is not involved and the limit of the thermal efficiency of the Carnot cycle does not need to be followed, thereby achieving high theoretical efficiency. In addition, the fuel cell uses fuel and oxygen as raw materials, and has no mechanical transmission part, less noise and less discharged harmful gas. Hydrogen-air (oxygen) fuel cells are therefore a promising power generation technology. The bipolar plate of the fuel cell is one of the core components of the fuel cell, and the flow channel on the bipolar plate can uniformly distribute reactant gas to the reaction layer of the electrode for chemical reaction, and simultaneously, excessive water in the fuel cell is discharged to prevent the occurrence of 'water flooding' and submerge the flow channel, the gas diffusion layer or the catalytic layer to influence the reaction. The flow channel pattern of the bipolar plate determines the flow conditions of the gas within the flow channel, thereby affecting the uniform distribution of reactants throughout the electrode. Therefore, the reasonable flow channel structure can ensure the high-efficiency proceeding of the chemical reaction, and the hydrogen-air (oxygen) fuel cell device has stable and high-efficiency output.
Common fuel cell flow channels include parallel flow channels, serpentine flow channels, interdigitated flow channels, dotted flow channels, mesh flow channels, and the like. Although the pressure loss of the parallel flow channels is small, the uneven gas distribution is easily caused; although the serpentine flow channel has strong drainage capacity, the flow channel is too long, so that the pressure drop of reaction gas is too large, and the phenomena of insufficient supply of the reaction gas and flooding are easily caused at the rear section of the flow channel. The interdigital flow channel has the advantages that due to the fact that the flow channel is discontinuous, gas is forced to be led to the gas diffusion layer, the utilization rate of the gas is improved, but the fluid distribution is uneven, and the pressure drop is large. The punctiform flow channels have the problems of easy short circuit, low utilization rate of the electrode surface, low flow velocity of reaction gas and the like. Although the mass transfer process is enhanced by the mesh-shaped flow channels, the drainage capacity is poor and the flow uniformity is not ideal due to the low gas flow velocity in the flow channels.
The utility model with the patent number of CN200710172148.3 proposes an improved interdigital flow field, which is characterized in that the bottom of an inlet flow channel is sealed, but a certain number of small openings are uniformly arranged at the ridge of the inlet flow channel, so that the inlet flow channel is communicated with an exhaust flow channel. After gas enters the gas inlet channel from the inlet, part of the gas is forcibly diffused to the exhaust channel through the diffusion layer, and part of the gas directly enters the exhaust channel through the small opening, so that the advantages of the original interdigital flow field are maintained, and the gas pressure loss is reduced. On the basis, the structure that the inlet air is gradually expanded/the outlet is gradually reduced enables the generated water to be discharged more easily. However, this structure has a high intake pressure requirement for the gas and still has a high risk of flooding. There is room for improvement in existing flow field plate structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flow field plate of a fuel cell and the fuel cell.
The invention provides a flow field plate of a fuel cell, which comprises a flow field plate, an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel ridge and a boss, wherein:
the flow channel and the flow channel ridge are both arranged on the flow field plate;
the fluid enters the flow channel from the air inlet and flows out from the air outlet;
the two sides of the flow channel are provided with flow channel ridges, and the side surfaces of the flow channel ridges are provided with bosses along the flow channel direction.
Preferably, the flow channel is a parallel flow channel, a serpentine flow channel, a folded flow channel, an S-shaped flow channel or an interdigitated flow channel.
Preferably, the boss is located in the middle of the runner ridge, and the length of the boss is equivalent to that of the runner.
Preferably, the bosses are continuously distributed along the flow passage direction.
Preferably, the flow field plate comprises a graphite plate or a metal plate.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the boss in the width direction of the flow channel includes a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a semicircle or a semi-ellipse.
Preferably, a sectional shape of the flow channel in the width direction includes a trapezoid, a rectangle, or a semicircle.
Preferably, the flow channels and the flow channel ridges are arranged in a staggered manner.
According to the invention, the fuel cell comprises the fuel cell flow field plate.
Preferably, the fuel cell comprises a hydrogen-air fuel cell or a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention accelerates the discharge of liquid water, can reduce the accumulation of the liquid water in the flow channel, enhances the mass transfer and heat conduction capability of the flow field and ensures the high-efficiency and stable output of the fuel cell;
2. based on the turbulence principle, bosses are arranged on two ribs of the flow channel at intervals, and gas generates pressure and speed fluctuation in the flowing process to form local turbulence, so that the mass transfer of reactant gas to the diffusion layer is enhanced, the concentration polarization is reduced, and the uniform distribution of the reactant is promoted;
3. the boss is adopted to divide the interface between the liquid drop in the flow channel and the flow channel wall, so that the effective contact area of the liquid drop and the flow channel wall is reduced, the liquid water is inhibited from forming a continuous water film, the accumulation of the liquid drop is reduced, the liquid water is discharged, and the occurrence of a flooding phenomenon is avoided;
4. based on the principle that the heat exchange capability of the flow field is enhanced by local turbulence, the heat exchange area of the convection is increased due to the boss structure, and the heat exchange capability of the flow field is also enhanced, so that the temperature field distribution of the fuel cell is more uniform;
5. the boss structure provided by the invention is convenient to process and manufacture, and has the possibility of large-scale application.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the flow field plate structure of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the flow field plate structure of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a flow field plate structure in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a flow field plate structure of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 air inlet, 2 air outlets, 3 flow channels, 4 ridges, 5 flow field plates, 6 bosses and 7 flow channel sections.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a flow field plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention is mainly applicable to a hydrogen-air fuel cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and is made of a graphite material and includes an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel, a ridge, and lands on both sides of the flow channel. The air inlet and the air outlet are connected through a flow channel on the flow field plate. The flow channel adopts a parallel flow channel, the section of the flow channel adopts a trapezoidal section, and the bosses at the two sides of the flow channel adopt triangular bosses. When the flow field plate works, gas is introduced into the gas inlet 1, moves and reacts along the flow channel 3, reaches the gas outlet 2, and discharges unreacted gas and water generated by the reaction. 4 in the flow field plates 5 are ridges, and the ridges 4 and the flow channels 3 are alternately arranged, so that the flow field plates 5 are supported and gas is separated. The reference numeral 6 denotes a boss on the wall surface of the flow channel, and 7 denotes an enlarged sectional view of the flow channel. The boss divides the smooth wall surface of the runner into interfaces, so that the effective contact area of water drops and the wall surface of the runner is reduced, a continuous water film in the runner is avoided, and the liquid water is discharged. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the bosses disturb airflow to a certain extent and increase the convection heat exchange area, the mass transfer capacity and the heat exchange capacity of the flow field are enhanced, the chemical reaction rate is improved, and the uniformity of the temperature field is guaranteed.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a flow field plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention is mainly applicable to a hydrogen-air fuel cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and is made of a graphite material and includes an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel, a ridge, and lands on both sides of the flow channel. The air inlet and the air outlet are connected through a flow channel on the flow field plate. The runner adopts snakelike runner, and the runner cross-section adopts trapezoidal cross-section, and the boss of runner both sides adopts the rectangle boss. When the flow field plate works, gas is introduced into the gas inlet 1, moves and reacts along the flow channel 3, reaches the gas outlet 2, and discharges unreacted gas and water generated by the reaction. 4 in the flow field plates 5 are ridges, and the ridges 4 and the flow channels 3 are alternately arranged, so that the flow field plates 5 are supported and gas is separated. The reference numeral 6 denotes a boss on the wall surface of the flow channel, and 7 denotes an enlarged sectional view of the flow channel. The boss divides the smooth wall surface of the runner into interfaces, so that the effective contact area of water drops and the wall surface of the runner is reduced, a continuous water film in the runner is avoided, and the liquid water is discharged. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the bosses disturb airflow to a certain extent and increase the convection heat exchange area, the mass transfer capacity and the heat exchange capacity of the flow field are enhanced, the chemical reaction rate is improved, and the uniformity of the temperature field is guaranteed.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a flow field plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention is mainly applicable to a hydrogen-air fuel cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and is made of a metal material and includes an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel, a ridge, and lands on both sides of the flow channel. The air inlet and the air outlet are connected through a flow channel on the flow field plate. The runner adopts a folded runner, the cross section of the runner adopts a trapezoidal cross section, and the bosses at the two sides of the runner adopt triangular bosses. When the flow field plate works, gas is introduced into the gas inlet 1, moves and reacts along the flow channel 3, reaches the gas outlet 2, and discharges unreacted gas and water generated by the reaction. 4 in the flow field plates 5 are ridges, and the ridges 4 and the flow channels 3 are alternately arranged, so that the flow field plates 5 are supported and gas is separated. The reference numeral 6 denotes a boss on the wall surface of the flow channel, and 7 denotes an enlarged sectional view of the flow channel. The boss divides the smooth wall surface of the runner into interfaces, so that the effective contact area of water drops and the wall surface of the runner is reduced, a continuous water film in the runner is avoided, and the liquid water is discharged. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the bosses disturb airflow to a certain extent and increase the convection heat exchange area, the mass transfer capacity and the heat exchange capacity of the flow field are enhanced, the chemical reaction rate is improved, and the uniformity of the temperature field is guaranteed.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, a flow field plate for a fuel cell according to the present invention is mainly applicable to a hydrogen-air fuel cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and is made of a metal material and includes an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel, a ridge, and lands on both sides of the flow channel. The air inlet and the air outlet are connected through a flow channel on the flow field plate. The runner adopts S-shaped runner, the cross section of the runner adopts a trapezoidal cross section, and the bosses at the two sides of the runner adopt semicircular bosses. When the flow field plate works, gas is introduced into the gas inlet 1, moves and reacts along the flow channel 3, reaches the gas outlet 2, and discharges unreacted gas and water generated by the reaction. 4 in the flow field plates 5 are ridges, and the ridges 4 and the flow channels 3 are alternately arranged, so that the flow field plates 5 are supported and gas is separated. The reference numeral 6 denotes a boss on the wall surface of the flow channel, and 7 denotes an enlarged sectional view of the flow channel. The boss divides the smooth wall surface of the runner into interfaces, so that the effective contact area of water drops and the wall surface of the runner is reduced, a continuous water film in the runner is avoided, and the liquid water is discharged. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the bosses disturb airflow to a certain extent and increase the convection heat exchange area, the mass transfer capacity and the heat exchange capacity of the flow field are enhanced, the chemical reaction rate is improved, and the uniformity of the temperature field is guaranteed.
Furthermore, in the four embodiments, the bosses of the invention can be arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the flow channel of the invention can be provided with protrusions and depressions for limiting.
The invention can reduce the accumulation of liquid water in the flow channel and enhance the mass transfer and heat conduction capability of the flow field; based on the turbulence principle, bosses are arranged on two ribs of the flow channel at intervals, and the gas generates pressure and speed fluctuation in the flowing process to form local turbulence, so that the mass transfer of reactant gas to the diffusion layer is enhanced, the concentration polarization is reduced, and the uniform distribution of the reactant is promoted; the boss is adopted to divide the interface between the liquid drop in the flow channel and the flow channel wall, so that the effective contact area of the liquid drop and the flow channel wall is reduced, the liquid water is inhibited from forming a continuous water film, the liquid water is discharged favorably, and the phenomenon of flooding is avoided; based on the principle that the heat exchange capability of the flow field is enhanced by local turbulence, the heat exchange area of the convection is increased due to the boss structure, and the heat exchange capability of the flow field is also enhanced, so that the temperature field distribution of the fuel cell using the invention is more uniform; the boss structure provided by the invention is convenient to process and manufacture, and has the possibility of large-scale application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell flow field plate, comprising a flow field plate, an air inlet, an air outlet, a flow channel ridge and a boss, wherein:
the flow channel and the flow channel ridge are both arranged on the flow field plate;
the fluid enters the flow channel from the air inlet and flows out from the air outlet;
the two sides of the flow channel are provided with flow channel ridges, and the side surfaces of the flow channel ridges are provided with bosses along the flow channel direction.
2. A fuel cell flow field plate as claimed in claim 1, in which the lands are located intermediate the flow channel ridges, the lands having a length corresponding to the length of the flow channels.
3. The fuel cell flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the flow channels are parallel channels, serpentine channels, folded channels, S-shaped channels, or interdigitated channels.
4. A fuel cell flow field plate as claimed in claim 1, in which the lands are distributed continuously in the direction of the flow channels.
5. A fuel cell flow field plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow field plate comprises a graphite plate or a metal plate.
6. The fuel cell flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the lands along the width of the flow channel comprises a rectangle, trapezoid, triangle, semicircle, or semi-ellipse.
7. The fuel cell flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel in the width direction comprises a trapezoid, a rectangle, or a semicircle.
8. A fuel cell flow field plate as claimed in claim 1, in which the flow channels and flow channel ridges are arranged in a staggered arrangement.
9. A fuel cell comprising a fuel cell flow field plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the fuel cell comprises a hydrogen-air fuel cell or a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010980427.8A CN112038656A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Fuel cell flow field plate and fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010980427.8A CN112038656A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Fuel cell flow field plate and fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112038656A true CN112038656A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010980427.8A Pending CN112038656A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | Fuel cell flow field plate and fuel cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113903940A (en) * | 2021-10-10 | 2022-01-07 | 北京工业大学 | Fuel cell flow field plate with liquid water content self-adaptive scaling stop block on flow channel side wall |
| CN116706191A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-09-05 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | End plate for a galvanic pile, galvanic pile and method for increasing the insulation resistance of a galvanic pile |
-
2020
- 2020-09-17 CN CN202010980427.8A patent/CN112038656A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113903940A (en) * | 2021-10-10 | 2022-01-07 | 北京工业大学 | Fuel cell flow field plate with liquid water content self-adaptive scaling stop block on flow channel side wall |
| CN116706191A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-09-05 | 浙江海盐力源环保科技股份有限公司 | End plate for a galvanic pile, galvanic pile and method for increasing the insulation resistance of a galvanic pile |
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