CN109841864B - Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate three-dimensional flow field - Google Patents
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- CN109841864B CN109841864B CN201711224671.6A CN201711224671A CN109841864B CN 109841864 B CN109841864 B CN 109841864B CN 201711224671 A CN201711224671 A CN 201711224671A CN 109841864 B CN109841864 B CN 109841864B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the application field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, in particular to a three-dimensional flow field for efficient drainage of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The three-dimensional flow field is positioned between the membrane electrode and the partition plate to form a sealing structure, wherein the end surface of the flow channel is in one or more tooth shapes, and two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid holes. The three-dimensional flow field realizes the purpose of effective water management without external equipment such as a hydrogen circulating pump and the like, thereby greatly reducing the pulse discharge and effectively improving the gas utilization rate compared with the traditional two-dimensional flow field. The invention is suitable for the cathode and anode flow field of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, is particularly suitable for the anode side flow field, and has very important significance for simplifying a cell system and improving the gas utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the application field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, in particular to a three-dimensional flow field for efficient drainage of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert chemical energy in a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy. Among the many developed fuel cell types, the pem fuel cell is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and non-combustion device, and uses hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuel and air or oxygen as oxidant, and thus is considered to be the most promising energy source of choice.
Besides the membrane electrode, the bipolar plate is also an important core component of the PEMFC, and is a main part of the volume and weight of the PEMFC, and has the important functions of unique gas barrier, current collection and gas distribution. Therefore, the research and development of the bipolar plate become one of the focus areas of the industry and researchers, and the flow field has the function of guiding the direction of the reactant gas flow, and the structural design thereof determines the flowing state of the reactant and the product of the bipolar plate in the flow field, so as to ensure that the reactant gas is uniformly distributed all over the electrode and reaches the catalytic layer through the electrode diffusion layer to participate in the electrochemical reaction. In summary, it is very important to design a flow field structure with high distribution uniformity, and the flow field structure has a great influence on the PEMFC.
The currently developed PEMFC flow field forms mainly include the following: (1) a dotted flow field: it has simple structure and is suitable for fuel cell with hydrogen storage, pure oxygen and gaseous water discharge. For the PEMFC which is mainly discharged by liquid water, reaction gas is difficult to reach high performance speed when flowing through the flow field, and is not beneficial to discharging the liquid water, so the PEMFC is rarely used; (2) parallel flow field: the reaction gas in the whole flow field can flow unevenly due to smaller pressure drop and more branch flow channels, so that water in partial areas is accumulated, the output power of the battery is influenced, and the current density is reduced; (3) a serpentine flow field: the bipolar plate has the outstanding advantages of water drainage function, but for the bipolar plate with a large area, the gas and current density distribution is not uniform due to large pressure drop, and the output effect of the battery is influenced; meanwhile, for both the parallel flow field and the serpentine flow field, a certain gas excess coefficient needs to be maintained to ensure normal discharge of water produced by the fuel cell, and particularly for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, in order to realize a water discharge function, an ejector or a reflux pump and other components need to be arranged on a fuel cell system, which inevitably increases complexity and cost of the system and is also not beneficial to simplifying the system. (4) The interdigitated flow field is also called as discontinuous flow field, which forces the reaction gas to flow through the diffusion layer of the electrode to strengthen the mass transfer capability of the diffusion layer, and simultaneously discharges the water in the diffusion layer in time, thereby improving the power density of the battery to a great extent. The invention discloses a flow field of an active drainage proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, which is found by searching documents in the prior art, wherein the invention patent with the Chinese patent publication number of CN105244517A provides the flow field of the active drainage proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, the flow field is rectangular, a first air inlet channel and a second air inlet channel are in an interdigital structure and are distributed on two sides, a drainage flow channel is in a snake-shaped structure and is distributed between the first air inlet channel and the second air inlet channel, and the drainage flow channel is used as a reaction gas outlet flow channel and an active drainage flow channel and can overcome the defect of water flooding. However, since the flow channel is discontinuous, the diffusion layer has a large resistance and a large gas pressure drop, and the catalyst layer is easily broken to affect the cell performance (document 1: Li, fuel cell-principle, technique, application, chemical industry Press, 2003).
Therefore, a flow field which is simple in structure, can drain water timely and efficiently and improves the working performance of the battery needs to be developed at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bipolar plate three-dimensional flow field of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a baffling and water dividing function aiming at the defects of the conventional flow field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-dimensional flow field of a bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is positioned between a membrane electrode and a partition plate to form a sealing structure, wherein the end surface of a flow channel is in the shape of one or more teeth, and two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid holes.
The tooth form is formed by bending or pressing, and the formed end face is square or trapezoidal.
The fluid holes are opened between the tooth root and the tooth crest, and every two adjacent fluid holes have the same height difference.
The tooth shapes in the flow field are arranged alternately in a convex-concave structure, so that ridges and flow channels of the three-dimensional flow field are formed.
The fluid changes the flowing direction of the fluid through the pores with alternately changed height and/or orientation in the flow field, and the fluid flow is realized to have a velocity component in the depth direction of the flow field.
The fluid is a gas-liquid two-phase fluid, wherein the gas-phase fluid is reaction gas, and the liquid-phase fluid is liquid water and/or gaseous water.
The distance between the tooth root and the tooth top is 0.2-0.8mm, and the distance between any two adjacent tooth roots or tooth tops is 0.4-1.6 mm; equivalent height differences are 0.1-0.4 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the metal single plate to replace the flow field structure of the prior graphite plate, ensures the flow ridge depth and the process characteristics of process simplification, and effectively reduces the volume and the weight of the fuel cell stack. The three-dimensional flow field structure can improve the operation stability of the fuel cell, can drain water timely and efficiently, avoids the problems of water flooding and the like, and simultaneously improves the working performance of the cell; the method comprises the following steps:
1. the invention has simple structure and can effectively manage the liquid water in the flow passage. Liquid water in the flow channel can be forced to flow along with gas through the three-dimensional flow field and is led into the gas diffusion layer, and on one hand, the liquid water is combined with protons to provide water required by proton transfer in a hydrated proton form; on the other hand, the water can be transferred under the action of pressure difference and concentration difference, so that the liquid water in the flow channel can be effectively managed without using reflux equipment such as a hydrogen circulating pump and the like, and the system is effectively simplified;
2. the utilization rate of the reaction gas is improved. The flow field structure can realize the gas excess coefficient required by the water management of the fuel cell without devices such as a hydrogen circulating pump and the like, thereby greatly reducing the pulse discharge amount and effectively improving the gas utilization rate compared with the traditional parallel groove flow field. The invention is suitable for the cathode and anode flow field of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, is particularly suitable for the anode side flow field, and has very important significance for simplifying a cell system and improving the gas utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional flow field structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a three-dimensional flow field plate and a membrane electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional flow field structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a three-dimensional flow field plate and a membrane electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the device comprises a flow field inlet 1, a membrane electrode 2, a partition plate 3, a partition plate 4, a fluid hole 5, a flow field outlet 6 and a water cavity 7.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a specific implementation process is given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The three-dimensional flow field has a concave-convex structure, and pores are formed in the depth direction of the concave-convex structure. After the single cell is assembled on the polar plate with the three-dimensional flow field, the concave-convex structure is tightly connected with the membrane electrode and the polar plate partition plate so as to form a sealing structure, and fluid flows into a flow channel from pores in the depth direction of the three-dimensional flow field; the flow direction of the fluid is changed alternately by changing the height, the direction and the like of the pores alternately, so that the velocity component of the fluid flow field in the depth direction is realized, the liquid water in the flow channel is forced to flow into the gas diffusion layer along with the gas, and the water management process of the fuel cell is enhanced. Compared with the traditional parallel groove flow field, the utility rate of the reaction gas can be greatly improved. The three-dimensional flow field realizes the purpose of effective water management without external equipment such as a hydrogen circulating pump and the like, thereby greatly reducing the pulse discharge and effectively improving the gas utilization rate compared with the traditional two-dimensional flow field. The invention is suitable for the cathode and anode flow field of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, is particularly suitable for the anode side flow field, and has very important significance for simplifying a cell system and improving the gas utilization rate.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional flow field of a fuel cell bipolar plate with baffling and water-splitting functions is shown, wherein the three-dimensional flow field structure is formed by a forming process of punching and bending on a numerical control punching machine to form a bent perforated plate, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the three-dimensional flow field is positioned between the membrane electrode and the partition plate to form a sealing structure, wherein the end surface of the flow channel is in one or more tooth forms, and fluid holes are formed between tooth roots and tooth tops of two sides of each tooth.
The tooth-shaped end face is square. The tooth shapes in the flow field are arranged alternately in a convex-concave structure, so that ridges and flow channels of the three-dimensional flow field are formed.
The distance between the tooth root and the tooth top is 0.4mm, and the distance between any two adjacent tooth roots or tooth tops is 1 mm; the diameter of the fluid hole is 0.2mm, and the height difference between two adjacent pores is 0.2mm, so that the alternating change of the fluid direction is realized according to the position of the alternating hole.
The fluid reaction gas enters from the inlet 1 of the flow field, the reaction gas carries fluid to enter the fluid pore canal 5 and flows towards the outlet, under the sealing action of the partition plate and the membrane electrode, the reaction gas carries liquid water to turn back upwards through the next fluid pore canal 5 and flow towards the outlet, according to the above mode, the reaction gas carries the liquid water to flow towards the outlet of the flow field in a wave mode, the liquid water is forced to flow along with the gas from the flow channel and is led into the gas diffusion layer, and the reaction gas is collected to the outlet 6 of the flow field according to the arrow shown in the figure and then is discharged.
The three-dimensional flow field structure of the embodiment forcibly changes the flow direction of the fluid, so that the liquid water in the flow channel is introduced into the gas diffusion layer and is transmitted to the other side of the membrane electrode under the action of driving forces such as electroosmosis and differential pressure, the water management capability of the flow field at the side is relieved, and the utilization rate of the gas is improved. Compared with the fuel cell stack gas fuel utilization rate (96%) formed by combining flow field plates in the prior art, the hydrogen utilization rate of the embodiment can reach 99.5%.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a schematic structural diagram of fluid holes in different directions of a three-dimensional flow field is shown, wherein the three-dimensional flow field structure adopts a punch forming process with a perforated plate, which specifically comprises:
the three-dimensional flow field is positioned between the membrane electrode and the partition plate to form a sealing structure, wherein the end surface of the flow channel is in one or more tooth forms, and fluid holes are formed between tooth roots and tooth tops of two sides of each tooth.
The tooth-shaped end face is in an isosceles trapezoid shape. The tooth shapes in the flow field are arranged alternately in a convex-concave structure, so that ridges and flow channels of the three-dimensional flow field are formed.
The distance between the tooth root and the tooth top is 0.5mm, and the distance between any two adjacent tooth roots or tooth tops is 0.8mm (vertical distance); the diameter of each fluid hole is 0.2mm, an included angle (included angle between extension lines of straight lines where the fluid holes are located) of 45 degrees is formed between every two adjacent fluid holes, a height difference of 0.2mm is formed between every two adjacent holes, and the flowing directions of the fluids are changed alternately through the holes.
Fluid reaction gas enters from the inlet 1 of the flow field, the fluid enters the fluid pores 5 and flows towards the outlet, the reaction gas carries liquid water to flow towards the outlet through the next fluid pore 5, the reaction gas carries the liquid water to flow towards the outlet of the flow field in a wave form, the liquid water is forced to flow along with the gas from the flow channel and is led into the gas diffusion layer, the fluid is collected to the outlet 6 of the flow field according to the arrow shown in the figure and then is discharged, and the hydrogen utilization rate of the embodiment is 99.2%.
Meanwhile, the tooth-shaped end face can also be a semicircle, a parallelogram, a regular polygon and the like, so that the water management of the fuel cell is enhanced, and the performance of the cell is improved.
Claims (6)
1. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate three-dimensional flow field is characterized in that: the three-dimensional flow field is positioned between the membrane electrode and the partition plate to form a sealing structure, wherein the end surface of the flow channel is in one or more tooth shapes, and two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid holes;
the fluid holes are opened between the tooth root and the tooth crest, and every two adjacent fluid holes have the same height difference.
2. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate stereoscopic flow-field of claim 1, wherein: the tooth form is formed by bending or pressing, and the formed end face is square or trapezoidal.
3. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate stereoscopic flow-field of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the tooth shapes in the flow field are arranged alternately in a convex-concave structure, so that ridges and flow channels of the three-dimensional flow field are formed.
4. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate stereoscopic flow-field of claim 1, wherein: the fluid changes the flowing direction of the fluid through the pores with alternately changed height and/or orientation in the flow field, and the fluid flow is realized to have a velocity component in the depth direction of the flow field.
5. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate stereoscopic flow-field of claim 1, wherein: the fluid is a gas-liquid two-phase fluid, wherein the gas-phase fluid is reaction gas, and the liquid-phase fluid is liquid water and/or gaseous water.
6. The pem fuel cell bipolar plate stereoscopic flow-field of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the tooth root and the tooth top is 0.2-0.8mm, and the distance between any two adjacent tooth roots or tooth tops is 0.4-1.6 mm; equivalent height differences are 0.1-0.4 mm.
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| CN112928293B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-06-28 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Battery cell and stack |
| CN111146471B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-05-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
| CN113497251A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-10-12 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell |
| CN113013438B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2024-05-24 | 沈阳诚高科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN117094047B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-03-26 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plate |
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| JP4085652B2 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2008-05-14 | 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ | Fuel cell |
| DE10248531B4 (en) * | 2002-10-14 | 2005-10-20 | Reinz Dichtungs Gmbh & Co Kg | Fuel cell system and method for producing a bipolar plate contained in the fuel cell system |
| FR2883419B1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2007-04-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | BIPOLAR PLATE FOR FUEL CELL WITH DISTRIBUTED METALLIC DISTRIBUTION SHEET |
| CN103633337B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2016-02-17 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery metal double polar plate strengthening reaction gas distribution |
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