CN109841864A - A kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional flow field - Google Patents
A kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional flow field Download PDFInfo
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- CN109841864A CN109841864A CN201711224671.6A CN201711224671A CN109841864A CN 109841864 A CN109841864 A CN 109841864A CN 201711224671 A CN201711224671 A CN 201711224671A CN 109841864 A CN109841864 A CN 109841864A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional flow fields that the application field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technology more particularly to a proton exchanging film fuel battery efficiently drain.Three-dimensional flow field forms sealing structure between membrane electrode and partition, wherein runner end face is one or more tooth forms, and the two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid bore.Not by external equipments such as hydrogen gas circulating pumps, the purpose of effective water management can effectively improve gas effciency relative to conventional two-dimensional flow field so that pulse discharge amount be greatly lowered for three-dimensional flow field realization of the present invention.The present invention is applicable in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells anode and cathode flow field, is particularly suitable for anode side flow field, has very important significance for simplifying battery system and improving gas effciency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technology more particularly to a kind of pem fuels
The three-dimensional flow field of battery-efficient draining.
Background technique
Fuel cell is a kind of power generator that chemical energy in fuel and oxidant can be converted into electric energy.All
In the kinds of fuel cells that more developed, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells be it is a kind of it is efficient, environmentally friendly, without combustion reaction
Device, using hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuel, air or oxygen is considered most application prospect as oxidant
The preferred energy.
For PEMFC main composition core component other than membrane electrode, bipolar plates are equally PEMFC important core components, are
The major part of PEMFC battery volume and weight is constituted, it has unique choke, collected current, distribution gas important function.
Therefore, the bipolar plates research and development focus areas one of of interest as industrial circle and researcher, and the function in flow field is guidance
Reaction gas flow direction, structure design determine the flow regime of bipolar plates reactant and product in flow field, it is ensured that reaction gas
Body is evenly distributed to everywhere in electrode, is reached Catalytic Layer through electrode diffusion layer and is participated in electrochemical reaction.To sum up, a kind of high score is designed
It is particularly important with uniform flow field structure, flow field mechanism has a great impact to PEMFC.
The existing developed flow field PEMFC form mainly includes following several: (1) dotted flow field: its structure is simple, is suitable for
With hydrogen storage, pure oxygen, the fuel cell of gaseous state draining.To the PEMFC being mainly discharged with liquid water, since reaction gas flow is through this stream
Field is difficult to reach very high property speed, is unfavorable for that liquid water is discharged, therefore seldom use；(2) parallel flow field: because of its lesser pressure
Drop and more branch flow passage can make the reactant gas flow in entire flow field very uneven, cause the accumulation of partial region water, shadow
The output power of battery is rung, current density is reduced；(3) serpentine flow: its protrude advantage be drain function, but for area compared with
Big bipolar plates, so that gas, current density are unevenly distributed, influence battery output effect because pressure drop is larger；Simultaneously for flat
Row flow field and serpentine flow are required to keep certain gas excess coefficient, just can guarantee the normal row of fuel cell generating water
Out, especially for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, in order to realize drain function, it usually needs injector is arranged on a fuel cell system
Or the components such as reflux pump, but this necessarily increases the complexity and cost of system, is equally unfavorable for simplifying system.(4) interdigitated stream
It is also known as discontinuous flow field, the mass transfer ability of diffusion layer enhanced dispersion layer of the compulsive reaction air-flow through electrode, while by diffusion layer
Interior water is discharged in time, largely improves cell power density.Through the literature search of existing technologies, China is special
The patent of invention of sharp Publication No. CN105244517A proposes a kind of stream of Active Drainage dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
, flow field form is rectangle, and the first air inlet runner and the second air inlet runner are interdigitated structure, is distributed in two sides, drains runner
It for serpentine configuration, is distributed between the first air inlet runner and the second air inlet runner, not only went out flow channel as reaction gas, but also be main
The shortcomings that dynamic draining runner, runner design can overcome " water logging ".But since runner is discontinuous, diffusion layer resistance is larger, gas
Body pressure drop is larger, easily makes to destroy Catalytic Layer and influence battery performance (document 1: clothing treasured is honest and clean, and fuel cell-principle art is answered
With Chemical Industry Press, 2003).
Therefore it is simple to need to develop a kind of structure at this stage, can in time, efficiently drain, promotes the stream of battery working performance
?.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the deficiencies for existing conventional flow field, provide a kind of proton for dividing water function with baffling
Exchange film fuel battery bipolar plates three-dimensional flow field.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts a technical scheme as:
A kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional flow field, three-dimensional flow field is between membrane electrode and partition
Form sealing structure, wherein runner end face is one or more tooth forms, and the two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid bore.
The tooth form is bent or is suppressed to be formed, and the end face of formation is rectangular or trapezoidal.
The fluid bore is provided between tooth root and tooth top, has equivalent difference in height per two adjacent fluid bores.
Tooth form is alternately arranged in the flow field for convex-concave structure, forms the back and runner in three-dimensional flow field.
The fluid changes fluid flow direction by the hole in alternate change height/or orientation in flow field, realizes fluid
Flow the velocity component with flow field depth direction.
The fluid is gas-liquid two-phase fluid, wherein gaseous fluid is reaction gas, and liquid phase fluid is liquid water and/or gas
State water.
Distance is 0.2-0.8mm between the tooth root and tooth top, and distance is between the adjacent tooth root of any two or tooth top
0.4-1.6mm；Equivalent difference in height is 0.1-0.4mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantage that
The present invention replaces the flow field structure of existing graphite plate using metal veneer, guarantees the work that stream ridge depth and technique simplify
Skill feature effectively mentions the volume and weight for reducing fuel cell pack.Fuel electricity can be improved in three-dimensional flow field structure of the invention
Pond operation stability the problems such as capable of in time, efficiently draining, avoid " water logging ", while promoting the working performance of battery；Tool
Body is:
1. the configuration of the present invention is simple can effectively be managed liquid water in runner.It can by this three-dimensional flow field
To flow liquid water pressure in runner with gas, it imported into gas diffusion layers, on the one hand with proton hydrate in conjunction with proton
Form provide proton transfer need water；On the other hand, it can also be transmitted under pressure difference, concentration difference effect, so as to
Effectively liquid water in runner is managed, without using the refluxing units such as hydrogen gas circulating pump, effectively simplifies system；
2. improving reaction gas utilization rate.The flow field structure can not realize fuel cell water pipe by devices such as hydrogen circulating pumps
Gas excess coefficient needed for reason, so that pulse discharge amount is greatly lowered, it can be effective relative to Conventional parallel groove flow field
Improve gas effciency.The present invention is applicable in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells anode and cathode flow field, is particularly suitable for anode side flow field, right
It has very important significance in simplifying battery system and improving gas effciency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional flow field structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is three-dimensional flow field plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention and membrane electrode assembly structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is three-dimensional flow field structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is three-dimensional flow field plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention and membrane electrode assembly structure diagram；
Wherein, the flow field inlet 1-, 2- membrane electrode, 3- partition, 4- partition, 5- fluid bore, the flow field exits 6-, 7- water cavity.
Specific embodiment:
Be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing to the embodiment of the present invention: the present embodiment is with the technology of the present invention side
Implemented under premised on case, gives specific implementation process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Three-dimensional flow field of the present invention has concaveconvex structure, which is provided with hole.With three-dimensional stream
After field plate assembles monocell, the concaveconvex structure is closely coupled to form sealing structure with membrane electrode and pole plate demarcation plate, flows
Body enters runner from the flow of pore of three-dimensional flow field depth direction；Pass through the methods of the height of alternate change hole, orientation
Alternate change fluid flow direction, realize fluid flow fields depth direction velocity component, thus by runner liquid water force with
Gas flowing is imported into gas diffusion layers, enhanced fuel cell water management process.It can be with relative to Conventional parallel groove flow field
Reaction gas utilization rate is significantly provided.Realize not effective water by external equipments such as hydrogen gas circulating pumps in three-dimensional flow field of the present invention
The purpose of management can effectively improve gas effciency relative to conventional two-dimensional flow field so that pulse discharge amount be greatly lowered.
The present invention is applicable in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells anode and cathode flow field, is particularly suitable for anode side flow field, for simplifying battery system
And it improves gas effciency and has very important significance.
Embodiment 1:
Divide the fuel battery double plates three-dimensional flow field schematic diagram of water function, neutral body with baffling as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2
Change flow field structure by the enterprising eleven punch 11 of numerical control press and bending forms the moulding process of perforated plate bending, specifically:
Three-dimensional flow field forms sealing structure between membrane electrode and partition, wherein runner end face is one or more
Tooth form is provided with fluid bore between the tooth root and tooth top of the two sides of each tooth.
The teethed end faces are rectangular.Tooth form is alternately arranged in the flow field for convex-concave structure, forms three-dimensional flow field
Back and runner.
Distance is 0.4mm between the tooth root and tooth top, and distance is 1mm between the adjacent tooth root of any two or tooth top；Stream
Body opening diameter 0.2mm, with the difference in height of 0.2mm between two adjacent holes, according to the position in alternate hole, to realize
The alternate change of flow direction.
So that fluid reaction gas is entered by flow field inlet 1, reaction gas carries fluid and enters fluid duct 5 to export direction stream
Dynamic, under the sealing function of partition and membrane electrode, reaction gas carries liquid water and is turned back upwards by next fluid duct 5 to out
The flowing of mouthful direction, in a manner described, reaction gas are carried liquid water and are flowed with wave to flow field exits direction, by liquid water from stream
It forces to imported into gas diffusion layers with gas flowing in road, reaction gas is discharged after arrow collects to flow field exits 6 as illustrated.
The present embodiment three-dimensional flow field structure forcibly changing fluid flow direction, so that runner liquid water is imported into gas
In diffusion layer, and it is transmitted to the membrane electrode other side under the driving force effects such as electro-osmosis, pressure difference, alleviates the water pipe of the effluent field
Reason ability improves the utilization rate of gas.The fuel cell pile gaseous fuel utilization rate being combined into the flow-field plate of existing technology
(~96%) is compared, and the present embodiment hydrogen utilization ratio can reach 99.5%.
Embodiment 2:
It is directed to a structural schematic diagram of three-dimensional flow field different direction fluid bore as shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein three-dimensional stream
Field structure uses perforated plate punch forming process, specifically:
Three-dimensional flow field forms sealing structure between membrane electrode and partition, wherein runner end face is one or more
Tooth form is provided with fluid bore between the tooth root and tooth top of the two sides of each tooth.
The teethed end faces are isosceles trapezoid.Tooth form is alternately arranged in the flow field for convex-concave structure, forms three-dimensional stream
The back and runner of field.
Distance is 0.5mm between the tooth root and tooth top, and distance is 0.8mm between the adjacent tooth root of any two or tooth top
(vertical range)；Fluid bore dia 0.2mm, between the fluid bore that is connected in angle of 45 degrees (extended line of straight line where fluid bore it
Between angle), with the difference in height of 0.2mm between two adjacent holes, the alternating that through hole flow direction occurs for fluid changes
Become.
So that fluid reaction gas is entered by flow field inlet 1, fluid enters fluid hole 5 and flows to export direction, reaction gas
Carry liquid water by next fluid hole 5 to export direction flow, in a manner described, reaction gas carry liquid water equally with
Wave pattern is flowed to flow field exits, liquid water is imported into gas diffusion layers from pressure in runner with gas flowing, fluid
Arrow is discharged after collecting to flow field exits 6 as illustrated, and the present embodiment hydrogen utilization ratio is 99.2%.
At the same time, the teethed end faces be can also be semicircle, parallelogram, regular polygon etc., and then realize and strengthen
Fuel cell water management promotes battery performance.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional flow field, it is characterised in that: three-dimensional flow field is located at membrane electrode
Sealing structure is formed between partition, wherein runner end face is one or more tooth forms, and the two sides of each tooth are provided with fluid
Hole.
2. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional according to claim 1 flow field, it is characterised in that: the tooth form
It is bent or is suppressed to be formed, the end face of formation is rectangular or trapezoidal.
3. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional as described in claim 1 or 2 flow field, it is characterised in that: described
Fluid bore is provided between tooth root and tooth top, has equivalent difference in height per two adjacent fluid bores.
4. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional as described in claim 1 or 2 flow field, it is characterised in that: described
Tooth form is alternately arranged in flow field for convex-concave structure, forms the back and runner in three-dimensional flow field.
5. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional according to claim 1 flow field, it is characterised in that: fluid passes through
The hole in alternate change height/or orientation changes fluid flow direction in flow field, realizes that fluid flowing has flow field depth direction
Velocity component.
6. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional according to claim 1 flow field, it is characterised in that: the fluid
For gas-liquid two-phase fluid, wherein gaseous fluid is reaction gas, and liquid phase fluid is liquid water and/or vaporous water.
7. dual polar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell three-dimensional according to claim 3 flow field, it is characterised in that: the tooth root
Distance is 0.2-0.8mm between tooth top, and distance is 0.4-1.6mm between the adjacent tooth root of any two or tooth top；Equivalent height
Degree difference is 0.1-0.4mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711224671.6A CN109841864B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate three-dimensional flow field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711224671.6A CN109841864B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate three-dimensional flow field |
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| CN109841864A true CN109841864A (en) | 2019-06-04 |
| CN109841864B CN109841864B (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111146471A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
| CN112928293A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Battery cell and stack |
| CN113013438A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-22 | 沈阳诚高科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN113497251A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-10-12 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell |
| CN117094047A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plate |
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| US20030039875A1 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-02-27 | Munehisa Horiguchi | Fuel cell |
| CN1703795A (en) * | 2002-10-14 | 2005-11-30 | 莱茵兹-迪兹通斯-有限公司 | Electrochemical system |
| US20080145740A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-06-19 | Franck Blein | Bipolar Plate for Fuel Cell with Deformed Metal Distribution Sheet |
| CN103633337A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-12 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell metal bipolar plate for reinforcing distribution of reactant gas |
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- 2017-11-29 CN CN201711224671.6A patent/CN109841864B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030039875A1 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-02-27 | Munehisa Horiguchi | Fuel cell |
| CN1703795A (en) * | 2002-10-14 | 2005-11-30 | 莱茵兹-迪兹通斯-有限公司 | Electrochemical system |
| US20080145740A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-06-19 | Franck Blein | Bipolar Plate for Fuel Cell with Deformed Metal Distribution Sheet |
| CN103633337A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-12 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell metal bipolar plate for reinforcing distribution of reactant gas |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112928293A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Battery cell and stack |
| CN112928293B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-06-28 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Battery cell and stack |
| CN111146471A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
| CN111146471B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-05-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Integrated renewable fuel cell flow field plate and cell structure thereof |
| CN113497251A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-10-12 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell |
| CN113013438A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-22 | 沈阳诚高科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN113013438B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2024-05-24 | 沈阳诚高科技股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN117094047A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plate |
| CN117094047B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-03-26 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plate |
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