CN117094047B - Flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flow channel design, and discloses a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates, which comprises the following steps: determining the flow relation among the flow channels according to the types of the bipolar plate flow channels, wherein the bipolar plate flow channels comprise a main flow channel, at least two sub flow channels and at least one inflection point flow channel; calculating the speed relation among the flow channels according to the flow calculation formula and the flow relation among the flow channels; calculating the local pressure loss of the main runner between the main runner and the corresponding sub-runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner between the inflection point runner and the corresponding sub-runner according to the speed relation between the runners; determining the width value of the inflection point flow channel according to the local pressure loss of the main flow channel and the local pressure loss of the inflection point flow channel; and designing the bipolar plate flow channel according to the calculated width value of the inflection point flow channel. The bipolar plate flow channel structure with better gas distribution uniformity can be designed by the method, so that the output performance and durability of the battery are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow channel design, in particular to a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates.
Background
The bipolar plate flow channel design is important to the galvanic pile, and in order to ensure the normal operation of the electrochemistry in the galvanic pile, the substances on the membrane electrode are required to be distributed as uniformly as possible. In the conventional flow field design, the width of the inlet is generally smaller than that of the flow field, so that the flow channel area may need to be uniformly distributed on the activation area through the flow channels of one-half, one-half and the like after entering from the inlet.
After passing through these distribution areas, the gas may be unevenly distributed among the channels, resulting in uneven electrochemical rate distribution. The reaction rate is correspondingly low in the area with insufficient reaction gas, on one hand, the heat and the temperature of the area can be lower than those of other areas, so that the condensation of water vapor and the increase of liquid water content in the area are promoted, the flooding possibility of the area is increased, and the electrochemical reaction rate is further reduced; on the other hand, the lack of local gas also causes a decrease in cell output performance and durability, reducing stack life.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a flow channel design method for improving the uniformity of flow distribution of polar plates, which aims to solve the problem of uneven flow distribution of each split port in the existing bipolar plate flow channel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates comprises the following steps:
determining the flow relation among the flow channels according to the types of the bipolar plate flow channels, wherein the bipolar plate flow channels comprise a main flow channel, at least two sub flow channels and at least one inflection point flow channel, and the width values of the main flow channel and the sub flow channels are known values;
calculating the speed relation among the flow channels according to the flow calculation formula and the flow relation among the flow channels;
calculating the local pressure loss of the main runner between the main runner and the corresponding sub-runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner between the inflection point runner and the corresponding sub-runner according to the speed relation between the runners;
determining the width value of the inflection point flow channel according to the local pressure loss of the main flow channel and the local pressure loss of the inflection point flow channel;
and designing the bipolar plate flow channel according to the calculated width value of the inflection point flow channel and the known width values of the main flow channel and the sub-flow channels.
The flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate comprises the steps that if the type of the bipolar plate flow channel is a split flow channel, the bipolar plate flow channel comprises a main flow channel, a first sub-flow channel and a first inflection point flow channel which are communicated with the main flow channel, and a second sub-flow channel which is communicated with the first inflection point flow channel, and at the moment, the flow rate Q of the main flow channel is equal to that of the first inflection point flow channel 1 Flow Q of the first sub-flow channel =2 2 Flow rate of first inflection point flow channel=2×flow rate Q of second sub-flow channel 3 The width value of the main flow channel is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 。
The flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate comprises the following steps of calculating the speed relation among all flow channels according to a flow calculation formula and the flow relation among all flow channels, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the flow calculation formula q= vDh, the flow relation among the flow channelsThe formula is obtained: />Wherein->、/>、/>、/>The flow rates of the main flow channel, the first sub flow channel, the first inflection point flow channel and the second sub flow channel are respectively corresponding, and h is the height of each flow channel;
the relationship between the flow rates is obtained according to the above formula,，/>。
the flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate, wherein the flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate calculates the local pressure loss of the main flow channel between the main flow channel and the corresponding sub flow channel and the local pressure loss of the inflection point flow channel between the inflection point flow channel and the corresponding sub flow channel according to the speed relation between the flow channels, and comprises the following steps:
obtaining the local pressure loss of the main runner according to the Bernoulli formula:local pressure loss of inflection point runnerWherein->Is the gas density.
The flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate, wherein the width value of the inflection point flow channel is determined according to the local pressure loss of the main flow channel and the local pressure loss of the inflection point flow channel, and the flow channel design method comprises the following steps:
calculating the pressure difference between the local pressure loss of the main runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner according to a formula, namely；
Life styleAnd calculating to obtain the width value of the inflection point flow channel.
The flow channel design method for improving the flow distribution uniformity of the polar plate comprises the steps that if the type of the bipolar plate flow channel is a split three flow channel, the bipolar plate flow channel comprises a main flow channel, a first sub flow channel and a first inflection point flow channel which are communicated with the main flow channel, a second sub flow channel and a second inflection point flow channel which are communicated with the first inflection point flow channel, and a third sub flow channel which is communicated with the second inflection point flow channel, and the flow Q of the main flow channel is the same as the flow Q of the main flow channel at the moment 1 Flow Q of the first sub-channel =3 2 Flow Q of the first inflection point flow channel =3/2 × 3 Flow rate Q of the second sub-flow channel =3 4 Flow Q of=3×second inflection point flow channel 5 Flow Q of the third sub-flow channel =3 6 The width value of the main flow channel is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 The width value of the second inflection point flow channel is D 5 The width value of the third sub-flow passage is D 6 。
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates, and the method can design a better flow channel structure, thereby improving gas distribution uniformity of each sub-flow channel in the bipolar plate flow channel and further improving output performance and durability of a battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of a polar plate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bipolar plate flow channel type of a split-two flow channel according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bipolar plate flow channel type with one-to-three flow channels according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a split-N channel bipolar plate channel type provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates, which is used for making the purposes, technical schemes and effects of the invention clearer and more definite, and is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In particular, proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have characteristics of high energy density, fast start-up speed, environmental friendliness, and the like, and are considered as the fuel cells having the most market potential and development prospect. The PEMFC mainly comprises a polar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a proton exchange membrane and a catalytic layer. The bipolar plate (namely the polar plate) of the PEMFC is provided with a flow channel to provide a gas flow field, so that the functions of conveying reactants, removing reaction products and unreacted gases, collecting and conducting current and the like are realized. The basic principle that the flow field design should follow is: the distribution of the gas reactant on the effective reaction area of the battery can be more uniform, namely, the flow distribution of each flow channel is more uniform by designing the flow channels on the bipolar plate.
Based on this, the present invention provides a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of a polar plate, as shown in fig. 1, which includes the steps of:
s10, determining flow relation among flow channels according to the types of bipolar plate flow channels, wherein the bipolar plate flow channels comprise a main flow channel, at least two sub flow channels and at least one inflection point flow channel, and the width values of the main flow channel and the sub flow channels are known values;
s20, calculating the speed relation among the flow channels according to a flow calculation formula and the flow relation among the flow channels;
s30, calculating the local pressure loss of the main runner between the main runner and the corresponding sub-runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner between the inflection point runner and the corresponding sub-runner according to the speed relation between the runners;
s40, determining the width value of the inflection point flow channel according to the local pressure loss of the main flow channel and the local pressure loss of the inflection point flow channel;
and S50, designing the bipolar plate flow channel according to the calculated width value of the inflection point flow channel and the known width values of the main flow channel and the sub flow channels.
The cross sections of the flow channels in the bipolar plate are rectangular, and the heights of the flow channels are the same, and the method mainly designs a better flow channel structure by redesigning the width value of the inflection point flow channel, so that the gas distribution uniformity of each sub-flow channel in the bipolar plate flow channel is improved, and the output performance and the durability of the battery are further improved.
The technical scheme of the invention will be further explained by specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, taking the bipolar plate channel type as a split channel as an example, the bipolar plate channel comprises a main channel 1, a first sub-channel 2 and a first inflection channel 3 which are communicated with the main channel 1, and a second sub-channel 4 which is communicated with the first inflection channel 3, wherein the flow rate Q of the main channel is as follows 1 Flow Q of the first sub-flow channel =2 2 Flow rate of first inflection point flow channel=2×flow rate Q of second sub-flow channel 3 I.e.The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The width value of the main runner is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 。
In the prior art, when designing a bipolar plate runner of one-to-two type, the width D of the first inflection point runner 3 Width value of primary channel D 1 Width value D of first sub-runner 2 Width value D of second sub-flow channel 4 In the present embodiment, D 1 =D 3 =0.8mm，D 2 =D 4 The primary runner local pressure loss was calculated by taking 0.6mm as an example.
Firstly, according to a flow calculation formula q= vDh, the flow relation among the flow channelsThe formula can be obtained: />Wherein->、/>、/>、/>The flow rates of the main flow channel, the first sub flow channel, the first inflection point flow channel and the second sub flow channel are respectively corresponding, and h is the height of each flow channel; the relation between the flow rates can be obtained according to the above formula,/->（3），/>（4），/>（5）。
The local pressure loss of the main flow channel, namely the local pressure loss at 1-2, can be obtained according to the Bernoulli formula:and local pressure loss of inflection point flow channel, namely local pressure loss at 3-4 ∈>Wherein->For the gas density, assumeFor a standard atmospheric air density of 1.225 kg/cubic meter +.>Is 40.17m/s. The present embodiment calculates the local pressure loss of the main flow passage +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Inflection point runner local pressureDamage (S)>。
Calculating the pressure difference between the local pressure loss of the main runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner according to a formula, namelyThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calculation result shows that the local pressure loss of the runner at the 1-2 part is larger than that of the runner at the 3-4 part, which indicates that the flow in the runner 4 is larger than that of the runner 2, and the flow distribution of the sub-runners is uneven. Therefore, the embodiment realizes uniform flow distribution of each sub-flow passage by reducing the width value of the first inflection point flow passage.
In the present embodiment, the width D of the flow channel is used as the first inflection point 3 As an unknown value, the width value D of the main flow channel 1 Width value D of first sub-runner 2 Width value D of second sub-runner 4 As a known value, let D 1 =0.8mm，D 2 =D 4 =0.6 mm, find D 3 The values of (2) are such that the flow distribution of the first and second sub-channels is uniform.
In particular, to make the flow distribution of the first sub-flow passage and the second sub-flow passage uniform, it is necessary to makeThenSolving the above formula to obtain D 3 When=0.4 mm, the pressure difference between the two sub-channels is the smallest, and the flow distribution is the most uniform.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, taking the bipolar plate flow channel type as an example of a split three flow channel, the bipolar plate flow channel comprises a main flow channel 1, a first sub-flow channel 2 and a first inflection point flow channel 3 which are communicated with the main flow channel, a second sub-flow channel 4 and a second inflection point flow channel 5 which are communicated with the first inflection point flow channel 3, and a third sub-flow channel 6 which is communicated with the second inflection point flow channel 5, wherein the flow rate Q of the main flow channel 1 Flow Q of the first sub-channel =3 2 First inflection point stream =3/2 ×Flow rate Q of the track 3 Flow rate Q of the second sub-flow channel =3 4 Flow Q of=3×second inflection point flow channel 5 Flow Q of the third sub-flow channel =3 6 I.e.The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The width value of the main runner is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 The width value of the second inflection point flow channel is D 5 The width value of the third sub-flow passage is D 6 。
In D 1 =0.8mm，D 2 =D 4 =D 6 Design of the width value D of the first inflection flow channel by taking 0.6mm as an example 3 And a width value D of the second inflection point flow channel 5 The flow distribution in the first sub-flow passage, the second sub-flow passage and the third sub-flow passage is uniform.
Firstly, according to a flow calculation formula q= vDh, the flow relation among the flow channelsThe formula can be obtained: />Wherein->、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>Respectively correspond to a main runner, a first sub runner, a first inflection point runner and a second sub runnerThe flow velocity of the second inflection point flow channel and the third sub-flow channel, and h is the height of each flow channel; the relation between the flow rates can be obtained according to the above formula,/->，/>，/>，/>，/>。
The local pressure loss of the main flow channel, namely the local pressure loss at 1-2, can be obtained according to the Bernoulli formula:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first inflection point flow channel local pressure loss, i.e. at 3-4The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the second inflection point flow channel local pressure loss, namely the local pressure loss at 5-6,wherein (1)>For the gas density, assume +.>For a standard atmospheric air density of 1.225 kg/cubic meter +.>Is 40.17m/s.
In particular, to make the flow distribution of the first sub-flow passage and the second sub-flow passage uniform, it is necessary to makeThen->Solving the above formula to obtain D 3 =0.53 mm, at this time, the pressure difference between the first sub-flow channel and the second sub-flow channel is the smallest, and the flow distribution is the most uniform.
To make the flow distribution of the second sub-flow passage and the third sub-flow passage uniform, the flow distribution should be made to be uniformThenSolving the above formula to obtain D 5 =0.267 mm, at this time, the pressure difference between the second sub-flow passage and the third sub-flow passage is the smallest, and the flow distribution is the most uniform.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 4, taking the bipolar plate channel type as a N (N.gtoreq.2) channel as an example, the bipolar plate channel comprises a main channel 1, a first sub-channel 2 and a first inflection channel 3 communicated with the main channel, a second sub-channel 4 and a second inflection channel 5 communicated with the first inflection channel 3, a third sub-channel 6 communicated with the second inflection channel 5, and an N sub-channel connected with the (2N-1) th inflection channel (2N-1), wherein the flow rate Q of the main channel is 1 Flow Q of the first sub-channel =3 2 Flow Q of the first inflection point flow channel =3/2 × 3 Flow rate Q of the second sub-flow channel =3 4 Flow Q of=3×second inflection point flow channel 5 Flow Q of the third sub-flow channel =3 6 … =n (2N-1) th inflection point flow rate Q 2N-1 Flow Q of N-th sub-flow channel 2N The width value of the main flow channel is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 The width value of the second inflection point flow channel is D 5 The width value of the third sub-flow passage is D 6 … (N-1) th inflection point flow channel has a width of D 2N-1 The width value of the Nth sub-flow channel is D 2N 。
In the same way, the processing method comprises the steps of,when the flow channel is divided into N (N is more than or equal to 2), the flow distribution is uniform, and the flow distribution is +.>I.e.At the same time due to->Can be simplified to obtainAccording to the flow formula, the +.>By calculation, we can get +.> 。
The invention provides a flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates, which designs a better flow channel structure by adjusting the width value of an inflection point flow channel, thereby improving the gas distribution uniformity of each sub-flow channel in a bipolar plate flow channel and further improving the output performance and durability of a battery.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the examples described above, but is capable of modification and variation in light of the above teachings by those skilled in the art, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the flow relation among the flow channels according to the type of the bipolar plate flow channel, wherein the type of the bipolar plate flow channel is a split flow channel, and the bipolar plate flow channel comprises a main flow channel, a first sub-flow channel communicated with the main flow channel and a first inflection point flowA channel and a second sub-channel communicated with the first inflection point channel, wherein the flow rate Q of the main channel is the same as that of the first inflection point channel 1 Flow Q of the first sub-flow channel =2 2 Flow Q of first inflection point flow channel =2 3 Flow rate Q of the second sub-flow channel =2 4 The width value of the main flow channel is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 The width value of the first inflection point flow channel is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 ；
According to the flow calculation formula q= vDh, the flow relation among the flow channelsThe formula is obtained:wherein V is the flow velocity of the flow channel, and D is the width value of the flow channel; />、/>、、/>The flow rates of the main flow channel, the first sub flow channel, the first inflection point flow channel and the second sub flow channel are respectively corresponding, and h is the height of each flow channel;
the relationship between the flow rates is obtained according to the above formula,，/>；
calculating the local pressure loss of the main runner between the main runner and the corresponding sub-runner and the inflection point runner and the corresponding sub-runner according to the speed relation between the runnersLocal pressure loss of inflection point flow channels among the main flow channels, wherein the local pressure loss of the main flow channels:local pressure loss of inflection point runner>，/>Is the gas density;
calculating the pressure difference between the local pressure loss of the main runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner according to a formula, namelyThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Life styleCalculating to obtain the width value of the inflection point flow channel;
and designing the bipolar plate flow channel according to the calculated width value of the inflection point flow channel and the known width values of the main flow channel and the sub-flow channels.
2. A flow channel design method for improving flow distribution uniformity of polar plates is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the flow relation among the flow channels according to the type of the bipolar plate flow channel, wherein the type of the bipolar plate flow channel is a split-split flow channel, the bipolar plate flow channel comprises a main flow channel, a first sub-flow channel and a first inflection point flow channel which are communicated with the main flow channel, a second sub-flow channel and a second inflection point flow channel which are communicated with the first inflection point flow channel, and a third sub-flow channel which is communicated with the second inflection point flow channel, and the flow Q of the main flow channel is the same as the flow Q of the main flow channel 1 Flow Q of the first sub-channel =3 2 Flow Q of the first inflection point flow channel =3/2 × 3 Flow rate Q of the second sub-flow channel =3 4 Flow Q of=3×second inflection point flow channel 5 Flow Q of the third sub-flow channel =3 6 The width value of the main flow channel is D 1 The width value of the first sub-runner is D 2 First inflection point streamThe width of the track is D 3 The width value of the second sub-runner is D 4 The width value of the second inflection point flow channel is D 5 The width value of the third sub-flow passage is D 6 ；
According to the flow calculation formula q= vDh, the flow relation among the flow channelsThe formula is obtained: />Wherein V is the flow velocity of the flow channel, and D is the width value of the flow channel; />、/>、/>、/>The flow rates of the main flow channel, the first sub flow channel, the first inflection point flow channel and the second sub flow channel are respectively corresponding, and h is the height of each flow channel;
the relationship between the flow rates is obtained according to the above formula,，/>，，/>，/>；
calculating the local pressure loss of the main runner between the main runner and the corresponding sub-runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner between the inflection point runner and the corresponding sub-runner according to the speed relation between the runners, wherein the local pressure loss of the main runner:partial pressure loss of first inflection point flow channel>Second inflection point flow channel local pressure loss->，/>Is the gas density;
calculating the pressure difference between the local pressure loss of the main runner and the local pressure loss of the inflection point runner according to the formula, namely according to the formulaCalculating to obtain a width value of the first inflection point flow channel; according to the formula->Calculating to obtain the width value of the second inflection point flow channel;
and designing the bipolar plate flow channel according to the calculated width values of the first inflection point flow channel and the second inflection point flow channel and the known width values of the main flow channel and the sub-flow channel.
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| CN117094047A (en) | 2023-11-21 |
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