CN114300704A - Fuel cell with heat pipe for strengthening heat transfer - Google Patents
Fuel cell with heat pipe for strengthening heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114300704A CN114300704A CN202110371287.9A CN202110371287A CN114300704A CN 114300704 A CN114300704 A CN 114300704A CN 202110371287 A CN202110371287 A CN 202110371287A CN 114300704 A CN114300704 A CN 114300704A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fuel cell device with a heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer, wherein the fuel cell is formed by stacking and combining at least two cell monomers in a series connection mode, each cell monomer comprises a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode attached to the bipolar plate, the bipolar plate is provided with a multi-pore capillary structure and a closed inner cavity, a heat exchange working medium is filled in the closed inner cavity in a vacuum state, and the multi-pore capillary structure on the wall surface of the closed inner cavity provides a circulating capillary force. On the premise of ensuring higher power density, the high-efficiency heat dissipation and quick thermal response of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are realized, and the durability and reliability of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have the characteristics of high efficiency, high power density, environmental friendliness, fast dynamic response, and the like, and thus have great development potential in the fields of automotive power, portable devices, distributed power generation, and the like. The heat energy brought out by the PEMFC through heat management is about 45% of the chemical energy of the fuel, the heat generation is large, the reactor performance is sensitive to the temperature (the optimal temperature range is between 60 and 80 ℃), the temperature difference between the coolant temperature and the environment is small, and the heat management difficulty is higher. The heat balance in the PEMFC has obvious influence on the performance, service life and operation safety of the fuel cell, when the working temperature is low, various polarizations in the cell are enhanced, the ohmic impedance is also large, and the cell performance is poor; when the temperature rises, various polarization and ohmic resistance can be reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved, but when the temperature is too high, the membrane is dehydrated, the conductivity is reduced, and the performance of the battery is reduced, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell needs to be subjected to efficient heat management.
The existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling mode mainly comprises air cooling and liquid cooling. The air cooling is mainly used for fuel cells with power less than 5kW, and the cooling system has a simple structure, but can cause high internal thermal gradient of the fuel cells, especially under a high-load working condition; the liquid-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell is cooled by installing a cooling plate between two polar plates or arranging a cooling liquid cavity, has strong cooling capacity, is commonly used for a high-power fuel cell, but has complex system and large mass, needs auxiliary devices such as a heat exchanger, a pump, a valve and the like, greatly influences the performance of a cooling system due to the arrangement and the design of pipelines, and easily causes the influence on the durability due to the mixing of cooling water and reaction gas.
With the improvement of the power density requirement of the fuel cell, the existing water cooling system is complex, the air cooling system is greatly influenced by the environment, and the adoption of the heat pipe as the heat transfer element of the fuel cell is a reliable heat management scheme. The heat pipe has the advantages of high heat transfer efficiency, good temperature uniformity and the like, and can transfer the waste heat of the fuel cell to the condensation section of the heat pipe without consuming external energy. Research shows that compared with forced air cooling, the heat exchange performance of the system can be greatly improved by conducting heat through the heat pipe and then conducting air cooling heat exchange. The prior heat pipe-based fuel cell heat dissipation system is to process a hole groove for installing a heat pipe in a graphite bipolar plate, and has larger design and installation difficulty; or the flat heat pipe is directly used to replace a water cooling plate and is arranged between the two graphite single-stage plates, the contact resistance is large, and the power density is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell device with heat pipes for strengthening heat transfer, which realizes high-efficiency heat dissipation and quick thermal response of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell on the premise of ensuring higher power density, and improves the durability and reliability of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The specific technical scheme is as follows.
A fuel cell device with a heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer is characterized in that the fuel cell is formed by stacking and combining at least two cell monomers in a series connection mode, each cell monomer comprises a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode attached to the bipolar plate, the bipolar plate is provided with a multi-channel capillary structure and a sealed inner cavity, a heat exchange working medium is filled in the sealed inner cavity in a vacuum state, and the multi-channel capillary structure on the wall surface of the sealed inner cavity provides a circulating capillary force.
The core components of the battery unit are a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode, wherein the bipolar plate with the heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer is used for replacing part or all of the traditional bipolar plate (provided with a cooling liquid manifold channel and a cooling liquid flow channel, a cooling plate or no cooling structure). The bipolar plate with the heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer is provided with a multi-pore capillary structure and a sealed inner cavity, a heat exchange working medium is filled in the sealed inner cavity in a vacuum state, the multi-pore capillary structure on the wall surface of the inner cavity provides a circulating capillary force, and the bipolar plate conducts heat based on the working principle of the heat pipe, so that the bipolar plate with the heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer can be used as a passive cooling medium to transfer heat in a fuel cell monomer to the outside from a membrane electrode.
When the fuel cell unit with the heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer works, reaction gas is transmitted through the gas channel on the surface of the bipolar plate and is diffused to the membrane electrode, chemical energy of the reaction gas is converted into electric energy, part of waste heat generated in the process is taken away through exhaust, and most of the waste heat is transmitted to the surface of the bipolar plate and then transmitted to the closed inner cavity. The novel bipolar plate with the multi-pore-channel capillary structure and the closed inner cavity can be regarded as a composite heat pipe, a reaction gas flow passage area formed by the wall of the heat pipe is used as a heat pipe evaporation section, a bipolar plate edge coupling heat dissipation structure (the inner cavities of the two are communicated) is used as a heat pipe condensation section, and the inner cavity of the heat pipe forms a channel of a heat exchange working medium. The heat exchange working medium in the inner cavity of the evaporation section absorbs heat and vaporizes, steam flows to the condensation section through the heat insulation section and is condensed and released on a steam-liquid interface in the condensation section, waste heat is dissipated to the outside through the heat dissipation structure in the condensation section, and the condensed heat exchange working medium flows back to the evaporation section under the action of capillary force to circulate.
Preferably, the bipolar plate used in the fuel cell device with the heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer can be a novel bipolar plate with a multi-pore channel capillary structure and a closed inner cavity, or a combination of the novel bipolar plate and a traditional bipolar plate.
Preferably, the bipolar plate used in the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer fuel cell of the present invention may be a metal plate, a graphite plate or a composite plate.
Preferably, the porous channel capillary structure on the inner cavity wall surface of the novel bipolar plate can be a wick in the form of a groove, a silk net, a fiber and the like.
Preferably, the inlet and outlet directions of the reaction gas on the bipolar plate can be parallel or staggered, and the inlet and outlet directions of the reaction gas on the novel bipolar plate can be distributed on two sides or four sides of the main plane of the bipolar plate.
Preferably, the reaction gas flow channel type of the novel bipolar plate evaporation section is a parallel straight flow channel, a wave-shaped flow channel, a snake-shaped flow channel, an interdigital flow channel or a grid-shaped flow channel, etc.; the cross-sectional area of a single flow channel of the bipolar plate is variable along the flowing direction of reaction gas; the cathode and anode single plates can be of different flow channel types; a distribution channel may be provided.
Preferably, the cooling of the condensation section of the novel bipolar plate can be in an air cooling form or a liquid cooling form.
Preferably, the novel bipolar plate condensation section can be distributed at the edge or inside of the bipolar plate; there may be a plurality of condensing sections; the structure of the cooling fin at the condensation section can be plate type, wave type, plate-fin type, hairline type and the like; the fin structure may be parallel to or at an angle to the major plane of the bipolar plate and may be distributed on one or more sides of the bipolar plate.
The innovation points of the embodiment of the invention comprise:
1. in recent years, the power density requirement of each mobile device is increased sharply, a common air cooling system is low in heat dissipation efficiency and greatly influenced by the environment, a water cooling system is large in size and complex to control, a heat pipe is introduced into a heat management system to form hot air, but the system is low in power density and high in installation difficulty due to the fact that the heat pipe is directly embedded into a single body. The novel fuel cell can be used as a power source or a power auxiliary device of equipment such as motorcycles, airplanes and the like.
2. The invention relates to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell monomer with a porous capillary structure and a closed inner cavity, which specifically comprises: a porous capillary structure (a liquid absorption core attached to the surface of the closed inner cavity), a tube wall (the outer wall provides a reaction gas flow channel, the inner wall forms the closed inner cavity), and a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode which are formed by heat exchange working media. The structure can increase the local heat radiation intensity, ensure the integral temperature uniformity and ensure the compactness of the fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell bipolar plate can be regarded as a composite heat pipe with a channel on the pipe wall, and a heat pipe parameter optimization design method can be introduced, so that the volume of an inner cavity is greatly reduced, and the power density of a fuel cell is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are of some embodiments of the invention only. For a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, further figures can be obtained from these figures.
FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic structural views of a PEM fuel cell using the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe enhanced heat transfer PEM fuel cell unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a serpentine multi-channel metal bipolar plate with enhanced heat transfer of the heat pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of section A-A and section B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the corrugated metal bipolar plate with enhanced heat transfer of the heat pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of section C-C and section D-D of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a heat pipe enhanced heat transfer graphite bipolar plate according to the present invention;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic views of section E-E and section F-F of FIG. 7, respectively;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with heat pipes for enhanced heat transfer, distribution channels, and double-sided heat dissipation according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure G-G of FIG. 10;
FIGS. 12a and 12b are schematic views of asymmetric metal bipolar plates with different types of cathode and anode reactant gas flow channels for enhanced heat transfer of the heat pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure H-H of FIG. 12 b;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the system layout of a motorcycle using the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer PEM fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of enhanced heat transfer PEM fuel cell cooling using a turbofan engine for the heat pipe of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a current collector; 2. a heat shield; 3. an end plate; 4. a bipolar plate (composite heat pipe) with heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer; 5. a membrane electrode; 6. an oxidant outlet passage; 7. a reaction gas flow path; 8. a composite heat pipe evaporation section; 9. a fuel inlet passage; 10. an oxidant inlet channel; 11. a composite heat pipe insulation section; 12. a composite heat pipe condensation section; 13. a fuel outlet passage; 14. a composite heat pipe cavity; 15. the composite heat pipe wall; 16. a wick; 17. a support pillar; 18. a flow guiding island; 19. And (4) supporting points.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments and drawings of the present invention, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1:
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate entirely under air cooling conditions. The heat pipe enhanced heat transfer fuel cell mainly comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell monomer, a current collector 1, a heat shield 2 and an end plate 3; the proton exchange membrane fuel cell carries out concentrated heat exchange with the fan through the condensation section of the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate.
Fig. 2 shows a single pem fuel cell in the embodiment of fig. 1. The monomer is composed of a bipolar plate 4 and a membrane electrode 5 with heat pipe enhanced heat transfer, the membrane electrode is tightly attached to the bipolar plate, reaction gas diffuses to the membrane electrode through a wall surface flow channel to complete electrochemical reaction, the generated heat is transferred to an inner cavity of an evaporation section of the bipolar plate through an electrode, so that a heat exchange working medium in the inner cavity absorbs heat and is vaporized, and steam flows to a condensation section to be condensed and dissipated.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the serpentine multi-channel bipolar plate with enhanced heat transfer from the heat pipe. The fuel inlet 9, the fuel outlet 13, the oxidant inlet 10, the oxidant outlet 6 and the reaction gas channel 7 are all formed by the pipe walls of a composite heat pipe, in the figure, a channel area 8 is a composite heat pipe evaporation section, an area 11 is a composite heat pipe heat insulation section, and a wave-type structure in an area 12 is a composite heat pipe condensation section. The enlarged partial view in fig. 3 depicts in detail the flow direction of the fuel, oxidant and heat exchange medium of the heat pipe, the arrows along the flow path of the reactant gas represent the flow direction of the fuel and oxidant, the remaining arrows with gradually changed colors represent the heat transfer direction of the heat pipe, and heat is transferred to the condenser section of the heat pipe along the ridge of the reactant gas channel at the evaporator section. Compared with the traditional air cooling, the structural form has stronger heat exchange capacity and good temperature uniformity, and compared with the traditional water cooling, the structural form has simple structure and quick temperature response, and avoids the possibility of mixed flow of a coolant in reaction gas; compared with the mode that the bipolar plate is embedded into a plurality of heat pipes for heat dissipation, the composite heat pipe has better advantages in the heat dissipation environment of a plane heat source, can improve the temperature uniformity of the whole heat source, and has higher system power density.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a section a-a and a section B-B of the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate of fig. 3, wherein a composite heat pipe wall 15 forms a flow channel for fuel and oxidant, the inner wall of the bipolar plate is provided with a liquid absorption core structure 16, a certain amount of heat exchange working medium is filled in a vacuum cavity 14, and solutions such as ethanol, secondary distilled water and the like can be filled according to the working conditions of use. The lower side of the figure is an evaporation section, the middle is a heat insulation section, the upper side is a condensation section, and evaporation and condensation of internal working media are realized by utilizing heat production heating and forced convection cooling of the fuel cell. The heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate is communicated with the upper side and the lower side of the A-A section, a working medium in the cavity absorbs heat energy at the evaporation section, flows to the condensation section under the action of pressure difference, is condensed and releases heat, returns to an evaporation heat source under the capillary adsorption action of a capillary structure, and circularly takes away heat; the novel bipolar plate heat exchange working medium flows in the longitudinal direction of the B-B section and is disconnected by the reaction gas flow channel 7, the heat exchange working medium flows along the flow direction of the reaction gas, the tube walls 15 on the two sides of the disconnection part are in direct contact, and electrons are conducted along the disconnection part.
Example 2:
fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the corrugated flow channel bipolar plate with enhanced heat transfer of the heat pipe, with an enlarged view showing the fuel and oxidant flow in a staggered pattern, with heat transfer in the longitudinal direction and in the direction of the corrugated ridges. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a C-C section and a D-D section of the bipolar plate, in which the heat exchange working medium in the C-C section cannot freely flow longitudinally, the contact areas of the two side tube walls are used for transmitting current, and the heat exchange working medium in the D-D section can flow longitudinally or along the wavy ridges.
Example 3:
examples 1 and 2 both use metallic bipolar plates, and an excessively thin bipolar plate may cause deterioration of flow heat transfer, and fig. 7 shows an example of a graphite bipolar plate in which heat pipe enhances heat transfer. The graphite bipolar plate is internally provided with a flat heat pipe structure with a constant hydraulic diameter, and the graphite bipolar plate has low thermal resistance but low power density due to low flow resistance of an inner cavity heat exchange working medium. Fig. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the bipolar plate of fig. 7 taken along the plane E-E and F-F, the outer wall surface of which is the same as that of a conventional graphite bipolar plate, and in which support posts are disposed in the inner cavity to increase the mechanical strength of the flat heat pipe.
Example 4:
the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plates used in examples 1-3 are all single-side heat dissipation and have no distribution flow channels, and fig. 10 shows an example of the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer double-side heat dissipation proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate with the distribution flow channels. The oxidant inlet and outlet ports 10, 6 are larger in area than the fuel inlet ports 9, 13, taking into account the air excess factor, resulting in an asymmetrical configuration of the bipolar plate. The two sides of the bipolar plate are provided with a condensation section heat radiation structure 12 and a heat insulation section 11, and the two sides of the evaporation section 8 are shared, so that the heat absorbed by the evaporation section is transferred to the two sides. The evaporation section 8 of the bipolar plate consists of parallel ridges and grooves, the distribution flow channel part corresponding to the heat insulation section 11 consists of flow guide islands 18 which are regularly arranged and support points 19 which are reversely raised, and the distribution flow channel improves the distribution condition of reaction gas and refrigerant and can improve the performance of the galvanic pile.
Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a G-G fuel cell stack utilizing the bipolar plate of figure 10, wherein each of the three bipolar plates utilizes a different configuration to effectively reduce the height of the bipolar plate and increase power density. Because the heat pipe has strong heat conduction capability, the fuel cell shown in fig. 10 does not have a bipolar plate which uses the heat pipe to enhance heat transfer, so the bipolar plate in the middle of fig. 11 has no cooling structure; the bipolar plates at the upper part and the lower part of the figure 11 are respectively composed of an anode unipolar plate and a cathode unipolar plate which are mutually matched, a channel of an inner cavity heat exchange working medium is formed between the top end of the anode plate flow channel bulge and the bottom of the cathode plate flow channel groove, the upper part adopts a trapezoidal section, the sectional areas of the oxidant and the fuel flow channel are the same, the lower part adopts a wave-shaped section, and the height of the flow channel section of the oxidant is slightly higher than that of the fuel flow channel.
Example 5:
the single heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate used in examples 1-4 is composed of an anode unipolar plate and a cathode unipolar plate of the same reactant gas flow channel type, and fig. 12 shows an example of a heat pipe enhanced heat transfer bipolar plate with different cathode and anode flow channel types. The bipolar plate anode unipolar plate in fig. 12 adopts a parallel multi-channel flow channel, the oxidant inlet 10 is above the oxidant outlet 6, the water is drained by gravity, and the condensing section 12 is arranged near the oxidant inlet 10 for the convenience of the arrangement of the radiator; the bipolar plate cathode unipolar plate adopts a snake-shaped multi-channel flow channel, and the fuel inlet 9 is arranged at the side close to the oxidant outlet 6, so that the self-humidification is facilitated. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of section G-G of fig. 12, where the inner cavity runs through from the evaporation section to the condensation section.
Fig. 14 is a schematic system layout of a motorcycle using the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the present invention. At present, most of motorcycle power sources adopt internal combustion engines, and for the purpose of environmental protection, some manufacturers develop motorcycles driven by fuel cells, the power generated by the fuel cells is transmitted to motors, and the motors drive wheels of the motorcycles. At present, most of motorcycles driven by fuel cells adopt a circulating pump to drive cooling liquid to take away waste heat of the fuel cells, the system is complex, and the heat pipe enhanced heat transfer fuel cell shown in fig. 14 does not need complex equipment such as a cooling pump, an ion exchanger, a thermostat and the like, has high power density, high integration level, good heat dissipation performance and simple control, and is more beneficial to the commercial development of the motorcycles driven by the fuel cells.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of enhanced PEMFC cooling using a turbofan engine for heat pipe according to the present invention. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell with enhanced heat transfer is fixed on the outer bypass shell, the condensing section of the fuel cell extends into the outer bypass, and the condensing section of the fuel cell is cooled by cold air of the outer bypass of the turbofan engine. The heat dissipation structure of the enhanced heat transfer proton exchange membrane fuel cell condensation section 12 is in a hairline shape and is arranged along the direction of fan blades of a turbofan engine, and the arrangement mode is favorable for cooling the hairline heat dissipation structure by external bypass air.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or flow diagrams in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modules in the devices in the embodiments may be distributed in the devices in the embodiments according to the description of the embodiments, or may be located in one or more devices different from the embodiments with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or further split into multiple sub-modules.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
The above-mentioned detailed description and drawings of the preferred embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the present invention, and all the scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims of the patent claims, and all real-time examples and similar structures of the design idea and similar variations of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell device with a heat pipe for enhancing heat transfer is characterized in that the fuel cell is formed by stacking and combining at least two cell monomers in a series connection mode, each cell monomer comprises a bipolar plate and a membrane electrode attached to the bipolar plate, the bipolar plate is provided with a multi-channel capillary structure and a closed inner cavity, a heat exchange working medium is filled in the closed inner cavity in a vacuum state, and the multi-channel capillary structure on the wall surface of the closed inner cavity provides a circulating capillary force.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the bipolar plate is a novel bipolar plate with a multi-channel capillary structure and a closed inner cavity in whole or in part. When the bipolar plate is a novel bipolar plate with a part provided with a porous capillary structure and a closed inner cavity, the rest part of the bipolar plate can be the structure of a traditional bipolar plate.
3. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the bipolar plate is a metal plate, a graphite plate, or a composite plate.
4. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the multi-channel capillary structure is a grooved, powder sintered, wire mesh, fiber, or composite wick.
5. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet for reactant gases in the bipolar plate are disposed on either side or four sides of the major plane of the bipolar plate.
6. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the bipolar plate with a multi-channel capillary structure and a closed inner cavity is used as a composite heat pipe, a reaction gas flow channel region formed by the wall of the heat pipe is used as a heat pipe evaporation section, a bipolar plate edge coupling heat dissipation structure is used as a heat pipe condensation section, and the inner cavity of the heat pipe is used as a channel for heat exchange working medium, wherein the reaction gas flow channel type of the bipolar plate evaporation section is a parallel straight flow channel, a wave flow channel, a snake flow channel, an interdigital flow channel, a grid flow channel or the like; the sectional area of a single flow channel of the bipolar plate is variable along the flowing direction of reaction gas; the cathode and anode single plates can be of different flow channel types and can be provided with distribution flow channels.
7. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the bipolar plate with the multi-channel capillary structure and the closed inner cavity is used as a composite heat pipe, the reaction gas flow channel region formed by the wall of the heat pipe is used as a heat pipe evaporation section, the edge of the bipolar plate extends out of the heat dissipation structure to be used as a heat pipe condensation section, and the inner cavity of the heat pipe is used as a channel for heat exchange working medium, wherein the heat pipe condensation section is in an air cooling or liquid cooling form.
8. The fuel cell of claim 7, wherein one or more of the heat pipe condensation sections are distributed at the edge of the bipolar plate.
9. The fuel cell of claims 7-8, wherein the fin structure of the heat pipe condensation section is plate, corrugated, plate-fin, or hairline.
10. A fuel cell according to claims 7-9, wherein the fin structure is parallel or angled to the major plane of the bipolar plate and is distributed on one or more sides of the edge of the bipolar plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110371287.9A CN114300704A (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Fuel cell with heat pipe for strengthening heat transfer |
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| CN202110371287.9A CN114300704A (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Fuel cell with heat pipe for strengthening heat transfer |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115275249A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-01 | 清华大学 | Heat pipe bipolar plate for fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
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| CN115275249A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-01 | 清华大学 | Heat pipe bipolar plate for fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
| CN115275249B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-11-21 | 清华大学 | Heat pipe bipolar plate for fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
| WO2024045228A1 (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-07 | 清华大学 | Heat pipe bipolar plate for fuel cell, and fuel cell stack |
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