CN113847212A - Method for monitoring natural frequency of blades of wind turbine generator - Google Patents
Method for monitoring natural frequency of blades of wind turbine generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113847212A CN113847212A CN202111277159.4A CN202111277159A CN113847212A CN 113847212 A CN113847212 A CN 113847212A CN 202111277159 A CN202111277159 A CN 202111277159A CN 113847212 A CN113847212 A CN 113847212A
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 7
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention pays attention to the necessity of monitoring the wind turbine blade in the development direction of large megawatt, and from the angle of monitoring the natural frequency of the blade, the invention considers that the amplitudes of the blade in different lengths are different and fully combines the characteristics of the motion of the wind turbine blade, and the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the position of the blade in different lengths, thereby realizing the three-dimensional measurement of the blade. A method for judging the abnormal natural frequency of the blade is provided, namely, when the frequency value measured by the vibration acceleration of two or more blade length regions fluctuates up and down by more than 20 percent, the abnormal state is considered, and the judgment is carried out longitudinally. Meanwhile, the frequency deviation rate obtained by pairwise calculation between the blades can also judge the operation state of the blades, and the method belongs to transverse comparison judgment. Two judgment strategies are comprehensive and effective, the accuracy of results is guaranteed, and false alarm is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a method for monitoring natural frequency of a blade of a wind turbine generator.
Background
The blades of the wind turbine generator set absorb wind energy, and absorb the wind energy through the blades to drive the whole transmission chain to rotate, so that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy. Under the target requirement of carbon peak carbon neutralization and the background of flat price on-line, a wind turbine generator is developed towards the direction of large megawatt, long blades and high towers, the length of a single blade reaches the hundred-meter level, and once accidents such as breakage or tower sweeping happen, the normal operation of the wind turbine generator is seriously influenced, so that the loss in the aspects of safety, economy and the like is caused, and therefore the blade needs to be monitored and maintained mainly.
When the wind turbine generator system operates, the blade can shake in the process of absorbing wind energy, if the shaking frequency is consistent with the excitation frequency, destructive influence can be generated on the blade, and therefore the pitch control logic needs to be controlled to avoid the natural frequency interval of the blade. The significance of the monitoring of the natural frequency of the blade is as follows: 1. judging the running state of the blade so as to facilitate maintenance and overhaul; 2. the detection and feedback of the pitch variation process of the wind turbine generator are realized on the side surface; 3. the stable, safe and reliable operation of the unit in the operation process is ensured.
The existing method for monitoring the natural frequency of the fan unit blade does not consider that after the blade is lengthened, the amplitude of different positions of the blade is different, the blade cannot be measured in a three-dimensional mode, and with the wide application of the long blade, the motion state of the blade in different modes cannot be represented simply by the vibration state on one height, so that the state of the blade cannot be judged and processed, and the variable pitch motion cannot be effectively adjusted. Therefore, the invention provides a method for monitoring the natural frequency of a wind turbine blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring the natural frequency of a blade of a wind turbine, which is used for monitoring the natural frequency of the blade of the wind turbine, and the amplitudes of the blade in different lengths are different, so that a double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the position of the blade in different lengths, and the blade can be measured in a three-dimensional manner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wind turbine generator blade natural frequency monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step (1): three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the blades;
step (2): vibration signals in all directions at different positions are respectively measured through three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors;
and (3): vibration signals measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor are stored in the data acquisition instrument and reach the wind field monitoring server through the wind field ring network;
and (4): obtaining the natural frequency of the blade under each vibration mode by utilizing data measured by a double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor through Fourier transform and mode analysis;
and (5): and (4) comparing the value of the natural frequency of each step of the actually measured blade obtained in the step (4) with a preset frequency value by the wind field monitoring server, and judging the state of the blade of the wind generating set.
Preferably, three vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the blade in the step (1), and the three vibration acceleration sensors are respectively located at positions which are 30%, 50% and 80% of the length of the blade away from the blade root.
Preferably, the blades of the wind generating set under each region in the step (2) are provided with a double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor for measuring vibration acceleration in two directions, wherein one direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the impeller when the blades are fully unfolded, and the other direction is a direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the blades are fully unfolded.
Preferably, the logic for determining in step (5) is: when the frequency of the wind generating set blade exceeds the frequency preset value and fluctuates up and down by 20%, the wind generating set blade is judged to be in an abnormal state, and a warning signal of the abnormality of the wind generating set blade is sent out; and if the floating standard is not exceeded, judging that the blade of the wind generating set is in a normal state.
Preferably, when the method is used for monitoring and judging the three-blade wind generating set, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (6): obtaining the modal characteristics of each blade and the natural frequency of each blade in the mode through the step (4);
and (7): calculating the deviation rate of the modal natural frequency values of the same order among the blades;
and (8): and judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate.
Preferably, the modal characteristics and the natural frequency of each blade in the step (6) include:
P1M1(pitch1, mode1) -first order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M3 — the third order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P2M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M 3-third order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P3M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M 3-the third order modal natural frequency value of the blade 3.
Preferably, in step (7), RM1P12 ═ P1M2-P2M1|/P1M 2; RM1P12 refers to the first order modal natural frequency deviation ratio of blade 1 and blade 2; by the same calculation method, other deviation ratios are obtained: RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P 23.
Preferably, in step (8), the judgment logic is as follows:
if 4 or more than 4 deviation rates of the obtained 9 deviation rate values exceed 15%, the blades of the unit are considered to have problems.
The running state of the blades is judged by longitudinal comparison with a preset frequency value and transverse comparison of the deviation rate of the inherent frequency value between the blades, and the purposes of monitoring the blades and ensuring the stable running of the unit are achieved.
The invention has the advantages that the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the position with different lengths of the blade in consideration of different amplitudes of the blade with different lengths, so that the three-dimensional measurement of the blade can be realized, and the accuracy is enhanced;
the method fully considers the mixed vibration of multiple modes existing in the actual operation of the long-blade unit, and effectively monitors the natural frequency conditions under different modes by reasonably setting the measuring position of the sensor;
whether the blade is in an abnormal state or not is judged through two or more groups of data, so that the accuracy of the result is ensured, and false alarm is prevented;
the purpose of monitoring the running state of the blade is achieved through two judging modes, namely the transverse judging mode and the longitudinal judging mode, and the method is scientific and reasonable. The method not only considers the difference with an actual value, but also considers the deviation between every two blades, and is easy to realize and high in use value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a dual-axis vibration acceleration sensor measuring direction;
FIG. 2 is a measurement of the vibration mode and the position with different length of the blade under different modes
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring natural frequency of a wind turbine blade.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
Example 1:
illustrated with a single blade:
(1) the blades of the wind generating set under each region are provided with a double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor for measuring vibration acceleration in X and Y directions, as shown in fig. 1, the X direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane of an impeller when the blades are completely unfolded, the Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the impeller is completely unfolded, the motion state of the blades of the wind generating set is fully considered, as shown in fig. 2, the vibration acceleration sensors are respectively arranged at positions which are 30%, 50% and 80% of the length of the blades away from the blade root and are respectively marked as A, B, C;
(2) vibration signals in all directions of different positions are respectively measured through three groups of sensors;
(3) the data measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is stored in a data acquisition instrument and can reach a wind field monitoring server through a wind field ring network;
(4) according to the modal characteristics of the blade, specific analysis is carried out through parameters measured by a sensor at A, B, C, and the natural frequency condition of each vibration mode is analyzed;
(5) the wind field monitoring server carries out Fourier transform calculation according to the data received in the step (3) to obtain a value of the natural frequency of the actually measured blade, the value is compared with a preset frequency value to judge the frequency of the blade of the wind generating set, when the frequency of the blade of the wind generating set exceeds the preset frequency value and floats up to 20% (an empirical value), the blade of the wind generating set is judged to be in an abnormal state, a warning signal of the abnormality of the blade of the wind generating set is sent, and the blade of the wind generating set is judged to be in a normal state when the frequency of the blade of the wind generating set does not exceed a floating standard;
further, when judging whether the frequency value exceeds the preset value or not in the step (5), the frequency value measured by the vibration acceleration of two or more blade length regions fluctuates up and down by more than 20% and is considered as an 'abnormal state';
example 2:
the steps (1) - (5) are directed at the monitoring and judging condition of a single blade, and because the wind turbine generator generally has three blades (two or four blades, the patent refers to the description of the three blades with the most extensive application), whether the two blades are normal or not can be mutually judged. The judgment method comprises the following steps:
1. obtaining the modal characteristics of each blade and the natural frequency of each blade in the mode through the steps (4) and (5);
P1M1(pitch1, mode1) -first order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M3 — the third order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P2M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M 3-third order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P3M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M3 — the third order modal natural frequency value of the blade 3;
2. calculating the deviation rate of the modal natural frequency values of the same order among the blades;
RM1P12＝|P1M2-P2M1|/P1M2；
RM1P12(ratio of mode1 between pitch1 and pitch2), the first order modal natural frequency deviation ratio of blade 1 and blade 2;
the same calculation method obtains other deviation ratios:
RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P 23. That is, the above 9 deviation values can be obtained when the unit impeller rotates once.
3. Judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate, wherein the judgment logic is as follows:
if 4 or more deviation values of 9 obtained deviation values exceed 15%, the blade of the unit is considered to have a problem, and the unit is considered to be in an "abnormal state".
The running state of the blades is judged by longitudinal comparison with a preset frequency value and transverse comparison of the deviation rate of the inherent frequency value between the blades, and the purposes of monitoring the blades and ensuring the stable running of the unit are achieved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A wind turbine generator blade natural frequency monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors are arranged at different positions on a blade of the wind turbine generator;
step (2): vibration signals at different positions are respectively measured through three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors;
and (3): vibration signals measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor are stored in the data acquisition instrument and reach the wind field monitoring server through the wind field ring network;
and (4): the wind field monitoring server obtains the natural frequency of the blade in each vibration mode by utilizing a vibration signal measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor through Fourier transform and mode analysis;
and (5): and (4) comparing the natural frequency of the blade obtained in the step (4) in each vibration mode with a preset frequency value by the wind field monitoring server, and judging the state of the blade of the wind generating set.
2. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blade of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein three vibration acceleration sensors arranged on the blade in the step (1) are respectively arranged at positions which are 30%, 50% and 80% of the length of the blade away from the blade root.
3. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blades of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor measures the vibration acceleration in two directions, one direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the impeller when the blades are completely unfolded, and the other direction is a direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the blades are completely unfolded.
4. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blade of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein the judgment logic in the step (5) is as follows: when the natural frequency of the wind generating set blade exceeds the floating standard of the preset frequency value, the wind generating set blade is judged to be in an abnormal state, and a warning signal is sent; judging the blade of the wind generating set to be in a normal state if the floating standard is not exceeded; the floating criteria are 20% above and below the frequency preset value.
5. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blades of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 1, wherein when the method is used for monitoring and judging the three-blade wind turbine generator set, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (6): obtaining the modal characteristics of each blade and the natural frequency under the corresponding mode through the step (4);
and (7): calculating the deviation rate of the modal natural frequency values of the same order among the blades;
and (8): and judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate.
6. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blades of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 5, wherein the modal characteristics of each blade in the step (6) and the natural frequency under the corresponding mode comprise:
P1M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P1M3 — the third order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
P2M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P2M 3-third order modal natural frequency value of blade 2;
P3M1 — first order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M2 — second order modal natural frequency value of blade 3;
P3M 3-the third order modal natural frequency value of the blade 3.
7. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blade of the wind turbine generator set as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (7), RM1P12 ═ P1M2-P2M1|/P1M 2; RM1P12 refers to the first order modal natural frequency deviation ratio of blade 1 and blade 2; by the same calculation method, other deviation ratios are obtained: RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P 23.
8. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the blade of the wind turbine generator set according to claim 7, wherein in the step (8), the judgment logic is as follows:
if 4 or more than 4 deviation rates of the obtained 9 deviation rates exceed 15%, the blade of the corresponding unit is considered to have a problem.
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| 李飞宇;崔红梅;陈红星;苏宏杰;: "小型风力机叶片全覆冰仿真和模态试验对比研究" * |
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| CN113847212B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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