CN113847212B - Wind turbine generator blade natural frequency monitoring method - Google Patents
Wind turbine generator blade natural frequency monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113847212B CN113847212B CN202111277159.4A CN202111277159A CN113847212B CN 113847212 B CN113847212 B CN 113847212B CN 202111277159 A CN202111277159 A CN 202111277159A CN 113847212 B CN113847212 B CN 113847212B
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 7
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention takes the necessity of monitoring the wind turbine generator blade in the development direction of large megawatts into consideration, from the angle of monitoring the natural frequency of the blade, the vibration amplitudes of the blades in different lengths are considered, and the characteristics of the motion of the wind turbine generator blade are fully combined, so that the biaxial vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the positions of the blades in different lengths, and the three-dimensional measurement of the blades can be realized. A method of judging abnormality of the natural frequency of the blade is proposed, that is, that the value of the frequency measured by the vibration acceleration of the blade length region at two or more is shifted up and down by more than 20% to be regarded as "abnormal state", which is a judgment in the longitudinal direction. Meanwhile, the frequency deviation rate obtained by calculation between the blades can also judge the running state of the blades, and the method belongs to transverse comparison judgment. The two judging strategies are comprehensive and effective, ensure the accuracy of the result and prevent false alarm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a method for monitoring natural frequencies of blades of a wind turbine generator.
Background
The wind turbine generator system mainly comprises wind energy absorption main components, and the wind energy absorption main components are used for driving the whole transmission chain to rotate, so that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy. Under the target requirements of carbon-to-peak carbon neutralization and the background of low-cost surfing, the wind turbine generator is developed in the directions of large megawatts, long blades and high towers, the length of a single blade reaches the hundred meters, and once accidents such as fracture or tower sweeping occur, the normal operation of the wind turbine generator can be seriously influenced, so that the losses in the aspects of safety, economy and the like are caused, and therefore, important monitoring maintenance on the blades is needed.
When the wind turbine generator runs, the blades can shake in the process of absorbing wind energy, and if the frequency of shaking is consistent with the excitation frequency, destructive influence can be generated on the blades, so that pitch logic needs to be controlled, and the natural frequency interval of the blades is avoided. The significance of the blade natural frequency monitoring is as follows: 1. judging the running state of the blade so as to facilitate maintenance and overhaul; 2. the detection and feedback of the pitch process of the wind turbine are realized on the side face; 3. ensuring the stable, safe and reliable operation of the unit operation process.
The existing method for monitoring the natural frequency of the fan set blades does not consider that after the blades are lengthened, the amplitudes of the different positions of the blades are different, the blades cannot be measured in a three-dimensional mode, along with the wide application of long blades, the movement modes of the blades in different modes cannot be represented by simply depending on the vibration state on one height, therefore, the state of the blades cannot be judged and processed, and the pitch-variable motion cannot be effectively regulated. Therefore, the invention provides a method for monitoring the natural frequency of a wind turbine generator blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural frequency monitoring method for a wind turbine blade, which is used for monitoring the natural frequency of the wind turbine blade, and the amplitudes of the wind turbine blade at different lengths are different, so that a double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the positions of the wind turbine blade at different lengths, and three-dimensional measurement of the wind turbine blade can be realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a natural frequency monitoring method for a wind turbine blade comprises the following steps:
step (1): three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the blade;
step (2): vibration signals in all directions of different positions are respectively measured through three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors;
step (3): vibration signals measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor are stored in a data acquisition instrument and reach a wind field monitoring server through a wind field ring network;
step (4): obtaining the natural frequency of the blade under each vibration mode by utilizing the data measured by the biaxial vibration acceleration sensor through Fourier transformation and mode analysis;
step (5): and (3) comparing the value of the natural frequency of each step of the actually measured blade obtained in the step (4) with a frequency preset value by a wind field monitoring server, and judging the state of the blade of the wind generating set.
Preferably, three vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the blade in the step (1), and are respectively positioned at positions 30%, 50% and 80% of the length of the blade from the blade root.
Preferably, the wind generating set blades under each area in the step (2) are provided with double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors, vibration acceleration in two directions is measured, one direction is a direction perpendicular to the plane of the impeller when the blades are fully unfolded, and the other direction is a direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the impeller is fully unfolded.
Preferably, the judgment logic in the step (5) is as follows: when the frequency of the wind generating set blade exceeds 20% of the up-down floating frequency preset value, judging that the wind generating set blade is in an abnormal state, and sending out an alarm signal of the abnormality of the wind generating set blade; and when the floating standard is not exceeded, judging that the blade of the wind generating set is in a normal state.
Preferably, when being used for monitoring and judging three blade wind turbine generator systems, still include:
step (6): the mode characteristics of each blade are obtained through the step (4), and the natural frequency under the mode is obtained;
step (7): calculating the deviation rate of the intrinsic frequency values of the same-order modes among the blades;
step (8): judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate.
Preferably, the mode characteristic of each blade in step (6) and the natural frequency under the mode include:
P1M1 (pitch 1, mode 1) -the first order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 2-paddle 1;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 3-blade 1;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 1-blade 2;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 2-blade 2;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 3-blade 2;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 1-blade 3;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 2-blade 3;
and the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 3-blade 3.
Preferably, in step (7), RM1 p12= |p1m2—p2m1|/p1m2; RM1P12 refers to the first-order mode natural frequency deviation rate of the blade 1 and the blade 2; the same calculation method is used to obtain other deviation rates: RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P23.
Preferably, in step (8), the judgment logic is as follows:
if the deviation rate of 4 or more than 4 deviation rates exceeds 15% in the obtained 9 deviation rate values, the blades of the unit are considered to have problems.
The running state of the blades is judged through longitudinal comparison with a frequency preset value and transverse comparison of the inherent frequency value deviation rate among the blades, so that the purposes of monitoring the blades and guaranteeing the stable running of the unit are achieved.
The invention has the advantages that the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor is arranged at the positions of different lengths of the blade in consideration of different amplitudes of the blade, so that the three-dimensional measurement of the blade can be realized, and the accuracy is enhanced;
fully considering the mixed vibration of the multi-order modes of the long-blade unit in actual operation, and effectively monitoring the natural frequency conditions under different modes by reasonably setting the measuring positions of the sensors;
judging whether the blade is in an abnormal state or not through two or more groups of data, ensuring the accuracy of a result and preventing false alarm;
the purpose of monitoring the running state of the blade is achieved through two judging modes, namely transverse judging mode and longitudinal judging mode, and the method is scientific and reasonable. The method not only considers the difference with the actual value, but also considers the deviation between every two blades, is easy to realize, and has strong use value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a biaxial vibration acceleration sensor measurement direction;
FIG. 2 shows the vibration patterns and the measurement of the positions of different lengths of the blade in different modes
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring natural frequencies of blades of a wind turbine.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the invention.
Example 1:
described in terms of a single leaf:
(1) The wind turbine generator system blades under each area are provided with double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors for measuring vibration acceleration in the X direction and the Y direction, as shown in fig. 1, the X direction is the direction perpendicular to the plane of the impeller when the blades are fully unfolded, the Y direction is the direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the impellers are fully unfolded, the motion states of the wind turbine generator system blades are fully considered, and as shown in fig. 2, the vibration acceleration sensors are respectively arranged at 30%, 50% and 80% of the blade length away from the blade root and respectively recorded as A, B, C positions;
(2) Vibration signals in all directions at different positions are respectively measured through three groups of sensors;
(3) The data measured by the biaxial vibration acceleration sensor is stored in the data acquisition instrument and can reach the wind field monitoring server through the wind field ring network;
(4) According to the modal characteristics of the blade, specific analysis is carried out through parameters measured by a sensor at A, B, C, and the natural frequency condition of each vibration mode is analyzed;
(5) The wind field monitoring server performs Fourier transform calculation according to the data received in the step (3), obtains a value of the natural frequency of the actually measured blade, compares the value with a frequency preset value, judges the frequency of the wind generating set blade, judges that the wind generating set blade is in an abnormal state when the frequency of the wind generating set blade exceeds 20% (an empirical value) of the up-down floating of the frequency preset value, and sends out an abnormal warning signal of the wind generating set blade, and judges that the wind generating set blade is in a normal state when the frequency of the wind generating set blade does not exceed a floating standard;
further, when judging whether the preset value is exceeded in the step (5), if the frequency value measured by the vibration acceleration of the blade length area in two or more positions is up and down floating by more than 20%, the abnormal state is considered;
example 2:
the steps (1) - (5) are monitoring and judging conditions aiming at single blades, and as the wind turbine generator generally has three blades (two or four blades are also provided, the patent describes with three blades which are most widely applied), whether the wind turbine generator is normal or not can be judged mutually. The judging method comprises the following steps:
1. the mode characteristics of each blade and the natural frequency under the mode are obtained through the steps (4) and (5);
P1M1 (pitch 1, mode 1) -the first order modal natural frequency value of blade 1;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 2-paddle 1;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 3-blade 1;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 1-blade 2;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 2-blade 2;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 3-blade 2;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 1-blade 3;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 2-blade 3;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 3-blade 3;
2. calculating the deviation rate of the intrinsic frequency values of the same-order modes among the blades;
RM1P12＝|P1M2-P2M1|/P1M2；
RM1P12 (ratio of mode1 betwen pitch1 and pitch 2), the first-order mode natural frequency deviation ratio of blade 1 and blade 2;
the same calculation method obtains other deviation rates:
RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P23. That is, one revolution of the set impeller will result in the above 9 deviation values.
3. Judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate, wherein the judgment logic is as follows:
if there are more than 15% of the obtained 9 deviation values, the blade of the unit is considered to have a problem, and is considered to be in an "abnormal state".
The running state of the blades is judged through longitudinal comparison with a frequency preset value and transverse comparison of the inherent frequency value deviation rate among the blades, so that the purposes of monitoring the blades and guaranteeing the stable running of the unit are achieved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be carried out in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the above disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all respects, and not exclusive. All changes that come within the scope of the invention or equivalents thereto are intended to be embraced therein.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for monitoring the natural frequency of the wind turbine blade is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors are arranged at different positions on the blades of the wind turbine generator;
step (2): vibration signals at different positions are respectively measured through three groups of double-shaft vibration acceleration sensors;
step (3): vibration signals measured by the double-shaft vibration acceleration sensor are stored in a data acquisition instrument and reach a wind field monitoring server through a wind field ring network;
step (4): the wind field monitoring server obtains the natural frequency of the blade under each vibration mode by utilizing the vibration signals measured by the biaxial vibration acceleration sensor through Fourier transformation and mode analysis;
step (5): comparing the natural frequency of the blade obtained in the step (4) under each vibration mode with a frequency preset value by a wind field monitoring server, and judging the state of the blade of the wind generating set;
step (6): obtaining the modal characteristics of each blade and the natural frequency of the corresponding mode through the step (4);
step (7): calculating the deviation rate of the intrinsic frequency values of the same-order modes among the blades;
step (8): judging whether the blade normally operates according to the deviation rate;
the mode characteristics of each blade in the step (6) and the natural frequency under the corresponding mode comprise:
the first-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 1-blade 1;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 2-paddle 1;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P1M 3-blade 1;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 1-blade 2;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 2-blade 2;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P2M 3-blade 2;
a first-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 1-blade 3;
the second-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 2-blade 3;
the third-order mode natural frequency value of the P3M 3-blade 3;
in the step (7), RM1P 12= |P1M2-P2M1|/P1M2; RM1P12 refers to the first-order mode natural frequency deviation rate of the blade 1 and the blade 2; the same calculation method is used to obtain other deviation rates: RM1P13, RM1P23, RM2P12, RM2P13, RM2P23, RM3P12, RM3P13, and RM3P23;
in the step (8), the judgment logic is as follows:
if the obtained 9 deviation rates are more than 15% in 4 or more than 4 deviation rates, the blades of the corresponding units are considered to have problems.
2. The method for monitoring natural frequencies of blades of a wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein three vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the blades in the step (1) and are respectively located at positions 30%, 50% and 80% of the length of the blades from the blade root.
3. The method for monitoring natural frequencies of blades of a wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the biaxial vibration acceleration sensor in the step (2) measures vibration acceleration in two directions, one direction being a direction perpendicular to a plane of the impeller when the blades are fully deployed and one direction being a direction perpendicular to the blades in the plane of the impeller when the impellers are fully deployed.
4. The method for monitoring natural frequencies of blades of a wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the judging logic in the step (5) is as follows: when the natural frequency of the wind generating set blade exceeds a floating standard of a frequency preset value, judging that the wind generating set blade is in an abnormal state, and generating a warning signal; when the floating standard is not exceeded, judging that the blade of the wind generating set is in a normal state; the floating standard is 20% of the preset frequency value.
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Effective date of registration: 20231213 Address after: 102209 building a, Huaneng talent innovation and entrepreneurship base, Beiqijia future science and Technology City, Changping District, Beijing Patentee after: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute Patentee after: Huaneng Jilin Power Generation Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102209 building a, Huaneng talent innovation and entrepreneurship base, Beiqijia future science and Technology City, Changping District, Beijing Patentee before: HUANENG CLEAN ENERGY Research Institute |