CN113845431B - 螺芴衍生物类胺化合物和包含其的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents

螺芴衍生物类胺化合物和包含其的有机电致发光器件 Download PDF

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CN113845431B
CN113845431B CN202111219650.1A CN202111219650A CN113845431B CN 113845431 B CN113845431 B CN 113845431B CN 202111219650 A CN202111219650 A CN 202111219650A CN 113845431 B CN113845431 B CN 113845431B
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王湘成
何为
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Abstract

本发明公开了螺芴衍生物类胺化合物和包含其的有机电致发光器件,具有如下化学结构Y选自R1–R10各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1–20的烷基或烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为6–30的芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为5–30的杂芳基、或者与相邻基团结合形成取代或未取代的环,a–d各自独立选自0–4的整数,L为不存在或亚苯基,X1和X2独立选自单键、O、S、‑NR‑或‑CRR’‑。本发明采用9,9‑螺芴衍生物上连接3个三芳胺,具有三个胺单元即三个可能的空穴传输位点,空穴迁移率好且分子结构稳定,作为空穴传输材料可以降低OLED的功耗,延长器件的使用寿命。

Description

螺芴衍生物类胺化合物和包含其的有机电致发光器件
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及螺芴衍生物类胺化合物和包含其的有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
目前,三芳胺或咔唑广泛地用作有机电致发光器件(OLED)的空穴传输材料,常见的空穴传输材料包含1个或者2个三芳胺,含有3个三芳胺或者咔唑的化合物很少用来作为空穴传输材料,主要是由于包含3个三芳胺的前线轨道能级太浅。基于此,本发明从分子结构设计出发,首次尝试并提出一种螺芴衍生物类胺化合物,具体如下所述。
发明内容
本发明提供了螺芴衍生物类胺化合物,具有如化学式1所示的化学结构:
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,Y选自[式a]或/>[式b];
R1–R10各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1–20的烷基或烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为6–30的芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为5–30的杂芳基、或者与相邻基团结合形成取代或未取代的环;
a–d各自独立选自0–4的整数;
L为不存在或亚苯基;
X1和X2独立选自单键、O、S、-NR-或-CRR’-。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用9,9-螺芴衍生物上连接3个三芳胺,分子结构的空间位阻较大,其能级合适作为OLED的空穴传输材料。同时该化合物具有三个胺单元即三个可能的空穴传输位点,具有较好的空穴迁移率和空穴传输能力,加上电子在整个分子上分布较为发散,分子结构比较稳定,作为空穴传输材料可以降低OLED的功耗,延长器件的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是实施例中底部发光有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是实施例中顶部发光有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例的附图,对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供的螺芴衍生物类胺化合物,具有如化学式1所示的化学结构:
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,Y选自[式a]或/>[式b];
R1–R10各自独立选自氢、取代或未取代的碳原子数为1–20的烷基或烷氧基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为6–30的芳基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数为5–30的杂芳基、或者与相邻基团结合形成取代或未取代的环;
a–d各自独立选自0–4的整数;
L为不存在或亚苯基;
X1和X2独立选自单键、O、S、-NR-或-CRR’-。
化学式1所示的螺芴衍生物类胺化合物中取代基的描述如下,当不限于此。
“取代或未取代的”指选自以下一个或多个取代基取代:氢、氘、卤素基、腈基、硝基、羟基、羰基、酯基、酰亚胺基、氨基、氧化膦基、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基硫基、芳基硫基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、甲硅烷基、硼基、烷基、环烷基、烯基、芳基、芳烷基、芳烯基、烷基芳基、烷基胺基、芳烷基胺基、杂芳基胺基、芳基胺基和杂环基,或未取代;或者连接以上取代基中的两个或多个取代基的取代基取代,或未取代,如“连接两个或多个取代基的取代基”包括联苯基,即联苯基可为芳基或者为连接两个苯基的取代基。
“芳基”可为单环芳基或多环芳基,单环芳基包括苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基,多环芳基包括萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、苝基、芴基,以上对芳基的描述可用于亚芳基,不同之处在于亚芳基为二价。
“杂芳基”包含N、O、P、S、Si和Se中的一个或多个作为杂原子,碳原子数为5至30,包括吡啶基、吡咯基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、唑基、异唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、二唑基、噻二唑基、二噻唑基、四唑基、吡喃基、噻喃基、吡嗪基、嗪基、噻嗪基、二氧杂环己烯基、三嗪基、四嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、吖啶基、呫吨基、菲啶基、二氮杂萘基、三氮杂茚基、吲哚基、二氢吲哚基、中氮茚基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、苯并噻唑基、苯并唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、咔唑基、苯并咔唑基、二苯并咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吩嗪基、咪唑并吡啶基、吩嗪基、菲啶基、菲咯啉基、吩噻嗪基、咪唑并吡啶基、咪唑并菲啶基、苯并咪唑并喹唑啉基、苯并咪唑并菲啶基;以上对杂芳基的描述可用于亚杂芳基,不同之处在于亚杂芳基为二价。
根据一些实施方式,化学式1所示的螺芴衍生物类胺化合物选自以下任一个化学结构:
以下合成实施例1至8详细描述了螺芴衍生物类胺化合物A1、A10、A14、A20、A25、A28、A33和A41的制备方法,未注明制备方法的原料均为市售商品,本发明中其他化合物的合成与合成实施例1至8类似。
合成实施例1
本合成实施例中合成化合物A1,技术路线如下所示:
A1-3的合成:在三口烧瓶,加入A1-1(15g,41.8mmol)、A1-2(7.1g,41.8mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.75g,0.83mmol)、三叔丁基膦(0.2mL,2.1mmol)和叔丁醇钠((8.3g,83.6mmol),再加入甲苯(100mL),体系氮气置换,反应液升温至回流,搅拌反应120min。反应液降至80℃,趁热过热硅胶柱,母液浓缩至50mL,加入30mL乙醇,室温搅拌1h,过滤,固体中加入100mL甲苯,回流溶清,加入90mL石油醚,室温搅拌2h,过滤,旋干得到A1固体12g,收率71.7%。
A1-5的合成:干净的三口烧瓶,加入A1-3(10g,25.0mmol),再加入四氢呋喃(100mL),体系氮气置换3次,降温至0℃,正丁基锂(10mL,25mmol)逐滴加入反应液中,20min加完后反应继续在0℃搅拌30min,接着A1-4(6.2g,25mmol)加入到反应液中,反应液升温至室温25℃,反应1h,反应液降至0℃,加入饱和氯化铵溶液100mL,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相浓缩,过硅胶柱(100-200目,流动相石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1),溶剂蒸发并干燥后,得到固体。
此固体加入到干净的三口烧瓶中,再加入二氯甲烷(100mL),降温至0℃,三氟化硼乙醚溶液(2mL)逐滴加入反应液中,加完反应液升温至室温25℃,反应1h,有大量固体析出,反应液加入100mL石油醚,搅拌1h,抽滤得到10.5g固体,收率76%。
A1的合成:在三口烧瓶,加入A1-5(10g,18.1mmol)、A1-6(8.9g,36.1mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.3g,0.36mmol)、三叔丁基膦(0.9mL,0.90mmol)和叔丁醇钠(3.6g,36.2mmol),再加入甲苯(80mL),体系氮气置换,反应液升温至回流,搅拌反应120min。反应液降至80℃,趁热过热硅胶柱,母液浓缩至50mL,加入30mL乙醇,室温搅拌1h,过滤,固体中加入100mL甲苯,回流溶清,加入80mL石油醚,室温搅拌2h,过滤,甲苯:石油醚2:1层析柱分离,溶液旋干得到A1固体12g,收率68.3%。
合成实施例2
本合成实施例中合成化合物A10,技术路线如下所示:
A10-3的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-3相同的方式获得化合物A10-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A10-1替代化合物A1-1,使用化合物A10-2替代化合物A1-2。
A10-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A10-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A10-3替代化合物A1-3。
A10的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A10,不同之处在于使用化合物A10-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A10-6替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例3
本合成实施例中合成化合物A14,技术路线如下所示:
A14-3的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-3相同的方式获得化合物A14-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A14-1替代化合物A1-1。
A14-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A14-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A14-3替代化合物A1-3。
A14的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A14,不同之处在于使用化合物A14-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A14-6替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例4
本合成实施例中合成化合物A20,技术路线如下所示:
A20-3的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A20-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A20-1替代化合物A1-3,使用化合物A20-2替代化合物A1-4。
A20的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A20,不同之处在于使用化合物A20-3替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A20-3替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例5
本合成实施例中合成化合物A25,技术路线如下所示:
A25-3的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-3相同的方式获得化合物A25-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A25-1替代化合物A1-1。
A25-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A25-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A25-3替代化合物A1-3,使用化合物A25-4替代化合物A1-4。
A25的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A25,不同之处在于使用化合物A25-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A25-6替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例6
本合成实施例中合成化合物A28,技术路线如下所示:
A28-3的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-3相同的方式获得化合物A28-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A28-1替代化合物A1-1。
A28-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A28-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A28-3替代化合物A1-3。
A28的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A28,不同之处在于使用化合物A28-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A28-6替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例7
本合成实施例中合成化合物A33,技术路线如下所示:
A33-3的合成:在三口烧瓶,依次加入A33-1(15g,38.3mmol)、A33-2(15.5g,38.3mmol)、碳酸钾(10.2g,76.7mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0.9g,0.76mmol),再加入150mL甲苯,30mL乙醇和30mL水,体系氮气置换3次,反应液升温至回流,继续搅拌反应4小时。反应液冷却至70℃,静置分液,上层有机相加50mL水洗涤,分液,上层有机相过硅胶柱,有机相浓缩至甲苯约50mL,逐渐加入100mL石油醚,有固体析出,搅拌2小时,抽滤,用少量石油醚洗涤滤饼,用50mL甲苯与120mL乙醇的混合溶液进行加热40℃搅拌2小时,固体进行过滤,烘干,获得A33-3化合物18g,收率75.2%。
A33-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A33-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A33-3替代化合物A1-3。
A33的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A33,不同之处在于使用化合物A33-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A33-6替代化合物A1-6。
合成实施例8
本合成实施例中合成化合物A41,技术路线如下所示:
A41-3的合成:以与实施例8中的化合物A33-3相同的方式获得化合物A41-3,不同之处在于使用化合物A41-1替代化合物A33-1,使用化合物A41-2替代化合物A33-2。
A41-5的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1-5相同的方式获得化合物A41-5,不同之处在于使用化合物A41-3替代化合物A1-3。
A41的合成:以与实施例1中的化合物A1相同的方式获得化合物A41,不同之处在于使用化合物A41-5替代化合物A1-5,使用化合物A41-6替代化合物A1-6。
本发明还提供上述螺芴衍生物类胺化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用,具体是作为有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层材料,可以在顶发光器件、底发光器件或者串联器件中使用。以下器件实施例制备的有机电致发光器件,包括第一电极、第二电极、以及设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的一个或多个有机材料层,为底部或顶部发光器件结构(如图1或2所示),其有机材料层可为单层结构,也可为层合有两个或多个有机材料层的多层串联结构,如具有包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴传输层、电子注入层等作为有机材料层的结构,可使用制备有机电致发光器件的常见方法和材料来制备。本发明的螺芴衍生物类胺化合物可以在红光、绿光、蓝光、白光等各种光色中使用,以下器件实施例1至8分别采用上述化合物A1、A10、A14、A20、A25、A28、A33和A41作为空穴传输材料。
器件实施例1
按照如图1所示的结构制作单蓝色底部发光非串联有机电致发光器件,制备工艺为:在玻璃材质的基底101上,形成透明阳极ITO膜层,膜厚150nm,得到第一电极102作为阳极,之后蒸镀与化合物/>的混合材料作为空穴注入层103,混合比例为3:97(质量比),之后蒸镀100nm厚度的本发明化合物A1,得到第一层空穴传输层104,然后蒸镀20nm厚度化合物/>得到第二层空穴传输层105,然后以95:5的蒸镀速率蒸镀/>与/>30nm,制作蓝光发光单元106,然后蒸镀10nm/>形成电子阻挡层107,然后蒸镀/>与/>混合比例为4:6(质量比)形成厚度30nm的空穴传输层108,之后蒸镀形成厚度1nm的金属镱,再形成100nm的金属银作为双层镱/银金属作为第二电极109。
器件实施例2至8中分别采用上述化合物A10、A14、A20、A25、A28、A33、A41以及对比例1和2中分别采用化合物和/>替代器件实施例1中化合物A1作为空穴传输层104来制作蓝光有机电致发光器件,得到的有机电致发光器件进行发光效率性能测试,如表1所示。
表1
从表1可以看出,本发明中螺芴衍生物类胺化合物作为蓝色底部发光非串联有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层材料,得到的器件驱动电压低、发光效率高且使用寿命长。
此外,本发明中螺芴衍生物类胺化合物还可以作为图1所示的顶部发光器件的空穴传输层105,或者作为图2所示的底部发光器件的空穴传输层104和/或105,或者作为串联有机电致发光器件的多层空穴传输层材料,得到的器件效果同样显著。
另外,本发明还提供包含上述任一有机电致发光器件的显示装置。

Claims (3)

1.螺芴衍生物类胺化合物,其特征在于,选自以下任一个化学结构:
2.一种有机电致发光器件,包含权利要求1所述螺芴衍生物类胺化合物,所述螺芴衍生物类胺化合物作为有机电致发光器件的空穴传输材料。
3.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包含权利要求2所述的有机电致发光器件。
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