CN114685465B - 一种含酮的有机化合物及包含该有机化合物的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
一种含酮的有机化合物及包含该有机化合物的有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114685465B CN114685465B CN202011602215.2A CN202011602215A CN114685465B CN 114685465 B CN114685465 B CN 114685465B CN 202011602215 A CN202011602215 A CN 202011602215A CN 114685465 B CN114685465 B CN 114685465B
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- -1 hydroxy, cyano, anilino Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- LEHBURLTIWGHEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium chlorochromate Chemical compound [O-][Cr](Cl)(=O)=O.C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 LEHBURLTIWGHEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003996 delayed luminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001975 deuterium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 1
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004593 naphthyridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001500 prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005551 pyridylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/94—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
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- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含酮的有机化合物及包含该有机化合物的有机电致发光器件,属于半导体技术领域。本发明提供的有机化合物的结构如通式(1)所示;本发明的有机化合物具有较高的热稳定性;同时,作为OLED发光器件的发光层材料使用时,可产生TADF效果,能够有效的降低器件的电压,提高器件的发光效率,延长器件的寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含酮的有机化合物及以该含酮化合物为发光层的有机电致发光器件,属于半导体技术领域。
背景技术
有机电致发光(OLED:Organic Light Emission Diodes)器件技术既可以用来制造新型显示产品,也可以用于制作新型照明产品,有望替代现有的液晶显示和荧光灯照明,应用前景十分广泛。OLED发光器件犹如三明治的结构,包括电极材料膜层,以及夹在不同电极膜层之间的有机功能材料,各种不同功能材料根据用途相互叠加在一起共同组成OLED发光器件。作为电流器件,当对OLED发光器件的两端电极施加电压,并通过电场作用有机层功能材料膜层中的正负电荷,正负电荷进一步在发光层中复合,即产生OLED电致发光。
OLED的发光层材料的开发及使用前后共经历了三个主要阶段,第一阶段以荧光发光机制为主,第二阶段以磷光发光机制为主,第三阶段运用TADF材料作为发光层材料,有效的利用三线态激子从而提升器件的发光效率。TADF材料发展至今,在发光层中有丰富的应用,且其结构可控,性质稳定,价格便宜无需贵重金属,在OLEDs领域的应用前景广阔。
理论上,TADF材料可以通过三线态到单线态的反系间窜跃,实现100%的激子利用率,但在实际应用充当主体或者掺杂的过程中,器件效果不佳,其主要仍然存在如下问题:(1)由于TADF材料设计要求较小的S1-T1带隙,快速的反系间窜跃速率(较短的延迟发光寿命)与高荧光量子产率难以兼得;(2)由于较强的CT效应,TADF材料存在随比例不同而导致的光谱不稳定现象。
就目前OLED显示照明产业的实际需求而言,TADF材料的发展远远不够,仍需投入大量人力物力,以解决该类材料商业化过程中遇到的效率和寿命发展滞后的难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种含酮的有机化合物及包含该有机化合物的有机电致发光器件。本发明含酮的有机化合物,应用于OLED器件后,可有效提升OLED器件的光电性能以及OLED器件的寿命。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种含酮的有机化合物,所述有机化合物的结构如通式(1)所示:
通式(1)中,L1、L2分别表示为单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30亚芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30亚杂芳基中的一种;
R1表示为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、通式(2)、通式(3)所示结构,R2表示为通式(2)、通式(3)或通式(4)所示结构:
通式(2)-通式(4)中,Z1每次出现相同或不同地表示为C-R或者氮原子,同一芳环上相邻的两个R还可以键接成环;
通式(2)中,Ar1表示为取代或未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基中的一种;
通式(3)中,X1表示为氧原子、硫原子或
当R2表示为通式(4)所示结构时,R1不为取代或未取代的苯基;
R0表示为通式(5)或通式(6)所示结构,通过通式(5)或通式(6)中任意两*所示位置分别与L1、L2相连;
通式(5)与通式(6)中,Z2每次出现相同或不同地表示为C-R或者氮原子,同一芳环上相邻的两个R还可以键接成环;
通式(5)中,Ar2表示为单键、取代或未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基中的一种;
通式(6)中,X2表示为氧原子、硫原子或
R每次出现相同或不同地表示为氢原子、卤素原子、氘原子、羟基、苯胺基、联苯胺基、氰基、C1-C10的烷基、取代或者未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或者未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基中的任一种;
用于取代基团的取代基选自任选自氘、氚、羟基、氰基、苯胺基、联苯胺基、C1-C10烷基、氘或氚取代的C1-C10烷基、环原子数为6-30芳基、氘或氚取代的环原子数为6-30的芳基、环原子数为5-30的杂芳基、氘或氚取代的环原子数为5-30的杂芳基中的任意一种。
优选方案,通式(1)中,L1、L2分别独立的表示为单键、取代或者未取代的亚苯基、取代或者未取代的亚吡啶基中的一种;用于取代基团的取代基选自任选自氘、氚、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、苯基、二联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、菲基、苯并菲基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、喹啉基、咪唑基、噻唑基、呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻唑基、咔唑基、苯基咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基中的任意一种。
优选方案,所述有机化合物的结构为通式(1-1)~通式(1-10)所示结构中的任一种:
通式(1-1)-通式(1-10)中R1、L1、L2、R2的含义同上述的限定。
优选方案,所述有机化合物的结构为通式(2-1)~通式(2-3)所示结构中的任一种:
其中,X3表示为氧原子、硫原子、-NR3-或R3表示为取代或未取代的C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代的C3-C30的杂芳基中的一种;R1、R0、L1、L2的含义同上述的限定。
优选方案,所述C6-C30芳基或环原子数为6-30芳基为:苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基、二联苯基、三联苯基、二甲基芴基、二苯基芴基中的一种;
所述C3-C30杂芳基或环原子数为5-30的杂芳基为:吡啶基、咔唑基、呋喃基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、9,9-二甲基芴基、N-苯基咔唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、萘啶基、恶唑基、咪唑基、苯并恶唑基、苯并咪唑基中的一种;
所述C1-C10烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基中的一种。
优选方案,所述有机化合物的具体结构为以下结构中的任一种:
一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极与阴极,以及他们之间的有机发光功能层,所述有机发光功能层含有所述含酮的有机化合物。
优选方案,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层,所述发光层包含所述含酮的有机化合物。
一种照明或显示元件,所述照明或显示元件包括所述的有机电致发光器件。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益的技术效果在于:
(1)本发明化合物具有较高的热稳定性,以及膜相态稳定性,使得材料作为器件是具有较强的稳定性,从而有效的提升器件的寿命;
(2)本发明化合物具有高效的TADF特性,能充分的利用三线态能量提升器件的发光效率,减小主体材料的三线态激子猝灭延长器件的寿命;
(3)本发明化合物具有较好的光谱稳定性,作为敏化剂时,可以确保能量有效传递到掺杂材料;
(4)本发明化合物具有较高的PLQY,作为敏化剂时,可以有效提升器件的效率;
附图说明
图1为本发明所列举的材料应用于OLED器件的结构示意图;
图中,1为透明基板层,2为阳极层,3为空穴注入层,4为空穴传输层,5为电子阻挡层,6为发光层,7为空穴阻挡,8为电子传输层,9为电子注入层,10为阴极层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
制备例中所有原料均采购于中节能万润股份有限公司。
原料C的制备
原料C1的制备过程:
在氮气气氛下,向三口瓶中加入0.05mol原料E1、0.06mol Mg粉,然后加入60ml干燥四氢呋喃将其溶解,之后加入0.0004mol单质I2;将反应混合物加热至40℃,搅拌至溶液由黄色变为无色。再将该混合溶液加热至80℃下,搅拌反应4小时,无镁粉剩余,反应完全,得到原料C1。
其他原料C的制备方法与原料C1的制备方法类似,只是改变了原料M1。
中间体B的制备
中间体B1的制备过程:
在三口瓶中,将8mmol原料D1溶解在50ml无水四氢呋喃中,反应在冰浴中冷却并搅拌0.5小时;然后逐滴地加入3ml原料C1的四氢呋喃溶液(3mol/L),其中,在0℃下搅拌2小时后慢慢回到室温,然后将反应液倒入水中,先用二氯甲烷萃取,有机化合物用硫酸镁干燥,再用二氯甲烷/石油醚(v/v=2:3)作为淋洗剂进行硅胶柱层析分离,旋蒸后干燥,得到中间体A1,LC-MS:测定值:353.08([M+H]+);理论值:352.01。
在三口瓶中,加入100ml二氯甲烷,然后将中间体A1加入其中,再加入12mmol氯铬酸吡啶(PCC),在室温下搅拌24小时,然后将反应液倒入200mL水中,先用二氯甲烷萃取,有机化合物用硫酸镁干燥,再用二氯甲烷/石油醚(v/v=2:3)作为淋洗剂进行硅胶柱层析分离,旋蒸后干燥,得到中间体B1,LC-MS:测定值:350.93([M+H]+);理论值:349.99。
中间体B2至中间体B9的合成与中间体B1的合成方法相似,区别在于所用原料和中间体不同,下表列出了原料、中间体及产物的结构式。
表1
中间体M的制备
中间体M1的制备过程:
在三口瓶中,加入9.9mmol原料F1和20ml DMF,0℃下缓慢加入16.5mmol氢化钠,然后在0℃下缓慢滴加9.9mmol原料G1,室温下搅拌16小时,后加入100ml冰水,抽滤得到中间体H1;然后在三口瓶中加入2.9mmol原料I1,0.29mmol碘化亚铜和2.9mmol碳酸钾,然后加入20ml DMF,在180℃下反应12小时,降至室温后加入100ml盐酸溶液中,抽滤得粗产物,然后以二氯甲烷:石油醚(v/v=1:5)作为洗脱剂,通过柱层析提纯,得到中间体K1,LC-MS:测定值:575.16([M+H]+);理论值:574.24。
在三口瓶中,加入0.46mmol中间体K1、14.3ml DMSO、4.58ml叔丁醇钾的THF溶液(1M),搅拌10分钟后,通入氧气3小时。将混合物加入到200ml水中,搅拌过夜,抽滤后得到粗产物,以二氯甲烷:石油醚(v/v=1:5)作为洗脱剂,通过柱层析分离,提纯得到中间体M1,LC-MS:测定值:485.23([M+H]+);理论值:484.19。
中间体M2至中间体M3的合成与中间体M1的合成方法相似,区别在于所用原料和中间体不同,下表列出了原料、中间体及产物的结构式。
表2
实施例1化合物8的合成
将4.4mmol中间体B1和4.4mmol中间体M1加到50ml的甲苯溶液中,除气10分钟,然后加入0.1mmol Pd(AcO)2、0.3mmol 1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁(dppf)和6mmol tBuONa,在氮气保护下,混合物回流搅拌加热24小时,然后将反应液倒入水中,先用二氯甲烷萃取,有机化合物用硫酸镁干燥,再用二氯甲烷/石油醚(v/v=2:3)作为淋洗剂进行硅胶柱层析分离,旋蒸后干燥,最终产物再在280℃和4×10-4Pa下进一步升华,得到化合物8。
实施例2-实施例6、实施例8-实施例13的制备方法与实施例1相似,区别在于所用原料和中间体不同,下表列出了原料、中间体及产物的结构式。
表3
实施例7:化合物166的合成
在甲苯/EtOH/H2O(60/10/10ml)溶液中,加入10.24mmol中间体B4和20.48mmol原料J2,然后加入30.72mmol K2CO3和20.48mmol CsF,并在100℃下反应12小时。冷却至室温后,使用蒸馏水和二氯甲烷进行萃取。然后,将其溶解在二氯甲烷中,用硅胶,硅藻土和脯氨醇过滤,除去溶剂,并通过柱色谱法得到化合物166。
实施例14的制备方法与实施例7相似,区别在于所用原料和中间体不同,下表列出了原料、中间体及产物的结构式。
表4
实施例得到的化合物的结构表征如表5所示:
表5
本发明化合物在发光器件中可作为发光层材料使用。对本发明上述实施例制备的化合物分别进行能级、热稳定性以及光谱的测试,结果如表6所示。
表6
化合物 | HOMO(eV) | △Est(eV) | τ(μs) | PLQY(%) | 光谱变化(nm) |
8 | -5.75 | 0.16 | 2.88 | 56.2 | 21 |
14 | -5.94 | 0.03 | 2.91 | 81.8 | 26 |
23 | -5.96 | 0.12 | 3.21 | 59.7 | 24 |
30 | -6.01 | 0.09 | 1.53 | 58.8 | 18 |
116 | -5.93 | 0.17 | 2.44 | 83.2 | 37 |
135 | -5.78 | 0.13 | 1.94 | 69.5 | 29 |
166 | -5.74 | 0.18 | 1.37 | 89.2 | 35 |
238 | -5.93 | 0.06 | 2.82 | 55.3 | 28 |
239 | -6.03 | 0.08 | 3.04 | 76.4 | 23 |
242 | -5.79 | 0.13 | 2.42 | 50.4 | 19 |
261 | -5.86 | 0.07 | 2.41 | 64.5 | 22 |
297 | -5.99 | 0.09 | 2.58 | 40.6 | 24 |
320 | -5.81 | 0.07 | 1.86 | 64.5 | 16 |
322 | -5.88 | 0.10 | 2.50 | 65.0 | 31 |
ref-1 | -6.14 | 0.07 | 2.21 | 43.3 | 52 |
注:三线态能级T1是由Horiba的Fluorolog-3系列荧光光谱仪测试,材料的测试条件为2*10-5mol/L的甲苯溶液;最高占据分子轨道HOMO能级是由电离能量测试系统(IPS-3)测试,测试为大气环境;S1由Horiba的Fluorolog-3系列荧光光谱仪测试,材料的测试条件为2*10-5mol/L的甲苯溶液,△Est=S1-T1;PLQY和τ由Horiba的Fluorolog-3系列荧光光谱仪测试;光谱变化由纯膜发光峰减去3%掺杂于CBP的共混膜发光峰所得,测试由Horiba的Fluorolog-3系列荧光光谱仪测试。
由上表数据可知,本发明的化合物具有合适的能级以及合适的三线态能量,可应用于OLED器件的发光层作为主体;本发明的有机化合物具有较高的热稳定性,较短的延迟荧光寿命,在应用于OLED器件后,使得其作为发光层材料使用时具有较高效率和较长的寿命。
下面将通过器件实施例1-10和器件比较例1-3详细说明本发明合成的化合物在器件中作为发光层材料的应用效果。本发明器件实施例2-10、器件比较例1-3与器件实施例1相比,所述器件的制作工艺完全相同,并且所采用了相同的基板材料和电极材料,电极材料的膜厚也保持一致,所不同的是器件中发光层材料发生了改变;各器件每层组成如表7所示,各器件的性能测试结果如表8所示。
器件实施例1
如图1所示,透明基板层1为透明PI膜,对ITO阳极层2(膜厚为150nm)进行洗涤,即依次进行清洗剂(Semiclean M-L20)洗涤、纯水洗涤、干燥,再进行紫外线-臭氧洗涤以清除透明ITO表面的有机残留物。在进行了上述洗涤之后的ITO阳极层2上,利用真空蒸镀装置,蒸镀膜厚为10nm的HT-1和HI-1作为空穴注入层3,HT-1和HI-1的质量比为97:3。接着蒸镀60nm厚度的HT-1作为空穴传输层4。随后蒸镀30nm厚度的EB-1作为电子阻挡层5。上述电子阻挡材料蒸镀结束后,制作OLED发光器件的发光层6,使用CBP作为第一主体,化合物8作为第二主体,GD-1作为绿光掺杂,CBP和化合物8、GD-1质量比为67:30:3,发光层膜厚为30nm。在上述发光层6之后,继续真空蒸镀HB-1,膜厚为5nm,此层为空穴阻挡层7。在上述空穴阻挡层7之后,继续真空蒸镀ET-1和Liq,ET-1和Liq质量比为1:1,膜厚为30nm,此层为电子传输层8。在电子传输层8上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为1nm的LiF层,此层为电子注入层9。在电子注入层9上,通过真空蒸镀装置,制作膜厚为80nm的Mg:Ag电极层,Mg、Ag质量比为1:9,此层为阴极层10使用。
如上所述地完成OLED发光器件后,用公知的驱动电路将阳极和阴极连接起来,测量器件的电流效率、外量子效率和器件的寿命。用同样的方法制备的器件实施例和比较例如表7所示;所得器件的电流效率、外量子效率和寿命的测试结果如表8所示。
表7
表8
注:电压、电流效率和色坐标是在电流密度为10mA/cm2条件下测试的,使用IVL(电流-电压-亮度)测试系统(苏州弗士达科学仪器有限公司);寿命测试系统为日本系统技研公司EAS-62C型OLED器件寿命测试仪;LT95指的是在20mA/cm2下,器件亮度衰减到95%所用时间。
由表7的器件数据结果可以看出,与器件比较例相比,本发明的有机发光器件无论是在器件效率还是器件寿命均相对于已知材料的OLED器件获得较大的提升。同时,本发明的有机发光器件电压相对于已知材料的OLED器件相比有所降低。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。本领域技术人员在不偏离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围的情况下,对本发明的技术方案进行的修改或者等同替代,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.一种含酮的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物的结构如通式(1-1)、通式(1-2)或通式(1-5)所示:
通式(1-1)、通式(1-2)、通式(1-5)中,L1、L2分别表示为单键;
通式(1-1)中,R1表示为萘基、通式(2)、通式(3)所示结构,R2表示为通式(2)或通式(4)所示结构:
通式(1-2)中,R1表示为通式(3)所示结构,R2表示为通式(2)所示结构;
通式(1-5)中,R1表示为苯基,R2表示为通式(2)所示结构;
通式(2)-通式(4)中,Z1每次出现相同或不同地表示为C-R;
通式(2)中,Ar1表示为苯基;
通式(3)中,X1表示为氧原子或硫原子;
R每次出现表示为氢原子、叔丁基或者苯基。
2.一种含酮的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物的结构为通式(2-1)所示结构:
L1、L2分别表示为单键;
R1表示为苯基、萘基、通式(3)所示结构;
通式(3)中,Z1每次出现相同或不同地表示为C-R;
通式(3)中,X1表示为氧原子;
R0表示为通式(5)所示结构,通过通式(5)中任意两*所示位置分别与L1、L2相连;
通式(5)中,Z2每次出现相同或不同地表示为C-R;
通式(5)中,Ar2表示为单键;
R每次出现表示为氢原子;
其中,X3表示为氧原子或-NR3-,R3表示为苯基。
3.根据权利要求1所述含酮的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物的具体结构为以下结构中的任一种:
4.根据权利要求2所述含酮的有机化合物,其特征在于,所述有机化合物的具体结构为以下结构中的任一种:
5.一种有机电致发光器件,包括阳极与阴极,以及他们之间的有机发光功能层,其特征在于,所述有机发光功能层含有权利要求1-4任一项所述含酮的有机化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有机电致发光器件,所述有机发光功能层包括发光层,其特征在于,所述发光层包含权利要求1-4任一项所述含酮的有机化合物。
7.一种照明或显示元件,其特征在于,所述照明或显示元件包括如权利要求5或6所述的有机电致发光器件。
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