CN113842949A - 一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种m‑MoSe2/PVDF/h‑WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:制备单层m‑MoSe2;制备中空微球h‑WSe2;制备PVDF前驱液;将单层m‑MoSe2和中空微球h‑WSe2与PVDF前驱液混合,得到静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m‑MoSe2和h‑WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡进行清洗、真空干燥,即得。本发明一种m‑MoSe2/PVDF/h‑WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,解决了现有压电触媒催化效率低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米压电触媒制备方法技术领域,具体涉及一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代工业的快速发展和社会的进步,环境污染问题逐渐成为人们重点关注的对象,其中,抗生素的滥用不仅严重影响了水质,更是威胁着生态平衡和人们的安全健康。传统的污水处理方法难以处理微污染物抗生素,膜分离技术因成本高而在实际应用过程中受到限制。压电触媒技术是近几年新兴的一种通过结合材料压电性能与半导体性能从而实现水环境净化的新技术,具有催化效率高、驱动力来源广等优点,在水溶液中,压电触媒能够吸收机械变形或外力场作用能量,产生压电效应,使压电触媒中电子和空穴发生相对位移,诱导产生活性物种,催化降解有机污染物。MoSe2和WSe2都是压电半导体,具有独特的能带结构和优良的电子传输特性;PVDF是性能优异的压电高聚物。为了提升压电催化性能,将不同压电触媒复合构成双异质结,以解决单一触媒或单异质结催化效率低的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,解决了现有压电触媒催化效率低的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、压电触媒A的制备:在加有还原剂的水介质中,依次加入钼源和硒源,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,20-36h,得到单层m-MoSe2;
步骤2、压电触媒B的制备:在加有还原剂和模板剂的水介质中,依次加入钨源和硒源,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,20-36h,得到中空微球h-WSe2;
步骤3、PVDF前驱液的制备:将经表面处理的PVDF超声溶解在DMF和丙酮的混合溶剂中,得到PVDF前驱液;
步骤4、静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤1和步骤2所得单层m-MoSe2和中空微球h-WSe2,与步骤3所得PVDF前驱液混合,常温下搅拌反应4-6h,得到静电纺丝液;
步骤5、将步骤4所得静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡进行清洗、真空干燥,即得。
本发明的特点还在于,
步骤1中,钼源为钼酸铵、钼酸钠、氧化钼中的一种或前两个的混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺或硼氢化钠中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
步骤1中,钼源和硒源中钼与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3。
步骤1中,加有还原剂的水介质中还原剂的质量百分比为3-5%。
步骤2中,钨源为钨酸铵、钨酸钠中的一种或两种混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺、硼氢化钠中的一种;模板剂为四丁基溴化铵、四辛基溴化铵中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
步骤2中,钨源和硒源中钨与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3。
步骤2中,加有还原剂和模板剂的水介质中还原剂的质量百分比为3-5%,模板剂的质量百分比为1-3%。
步骤3中,表面处理PVDF的具体步骤为:将PVDF粉体超声分散在6mol/L硝酸和15%过氧化氢混合溶液中,60℃下回流2-3h,自然冷却至室温,过滤洗涤,60℃真空干燥2h,得到经表面处理的PVDF。
步骤4中,MoSe2和WSe2的物质的量比为1-2:1,加入到50mL的15%的PVDF前驱液中,超声分散均匀。
步骤5中,将所得纤维毡用无水乙醇和去离子水分别洗涤三次,真空干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为12h。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,首次将水热法合成的单层MoSe2和中空WSe2作为前驱体,与PVDF复合形成具有双异质结特性的柔性压电触媒,解决了现有压电触媒催化效率低的问题。此外,本发明通过静电纺丝将不同结构的压电材料通过异质结复合,进一步提高了压电催化降解染料和抗生素性能,这种方法可控性好。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法实施例2中所制备m-MoSe2的TEM图;
图2是本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法实施例2中所制备h-WSe2的SEM图;
图3是本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法实施例2中所制备m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的SEM图;
图4是本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法所制备的m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒在超声波驱动下降解亚甲基蓝MB的效果图;
图5是本发明一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法所制备的m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒在超声波驱动下降解四环素TC的效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明提供了一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、压电触媒A的制备:在加有质量百分比为3-5%还原剂的水介质中,依次加入钼源和硒源,钼与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,即将搅拌均匀的混合液,加入水热反应釜内衬中,套上不锈钢外衬,反应釜内衬的容积为50-150mL,反应时间为20-36h,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、干燥后,超声分散在300mL异丙醇+100mL水+5mL水合肼混合溶液中,12h,离心分离(2000rpm),收集悬浮液,用稀HCl溶液调节pH为7,过滤、洗涤得到单层m-MoSe2;其中钼源为钼酸铵、钼酸钠、氧化钼中的一种或前两个的混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺或硼氢化钠中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
步骤2、压电触媒B的制备:在加有质量百分比为3-5%的还原剂和质量百分比为1-3%的模板剂的水介质中,依次加入钨源和硒源,钨与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,即将搅拌均匀的混合液,加入水热反应釜内衬中,套上不锈钢外衬,反应釜内衬的容积为50-150mL,反应时间为20-36h,得到中空微球h-WSe2;其中钨源为钨酸铵、钨酸钠中的一种或两种混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺、硼氢化钠中的一种;模板剂为四丁基溴化铵、四辛基溴化铵中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
步骤3、PVDF前驱液的制备:将经表面处理的PVDF超声溶解在DMF+丙酮(4+6)的混合溶剂中,得到PVDF前驱液;其中表面处理PVDF的具体步骤为:将PVDF粉体超声分散在6mol/L硝酸和15%过氧化氢混合溶液中,60℃下回流2-3h,自然冷却至室温,过滤洗涤,60℃真空干燥2h,得到经表面处理的PVDF。
步骤4、静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤1和步骤2所得单层m-MoSe2和中空微球h-WSe2,MoSe2和WSe2的物质的量比为1-2:1,加入到50mL的15%的步骤3所得PVDF前驱液中,超声分散均匀,常温下搅拌反应4-6h,得到静电纺丝液;
步骤5、将步骤4所得静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡用无水乙醇和去离子水分别洗涤三次,真空干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为12h,即得。
得到m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒之后进行性能表征:称取步骤5得到的m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒纤维毡约100mg,浸入100mL含有10mg/L亚甲基蓝MB溶液或20mg/L四环素TC溶液的压电触媒反应器中,超声(20kHz,100-650W可调)或磁力搅拌(100-300rpm),每隔一定时间取样一次,用紫外-可见分光光度计测量其吸光度值,并计算C0/Ct值,其中C0为起始降解溶液中MB或TC的浓度(mg/L),Ct为降解一定时间t时MB或TC的浓度(mg/L)。
实施例1
本发明m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的一种实施例,本实施例所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)压电触媒A的制备:在加有3%硼氢化钠的50mL水介质中,依次加入0.01mol钼酸铵、0.02mol硒粉,搅拌至溶解,再经200℃水热反应,20h,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、干燥后,超声分散在300mL异丙醇+100mL水+5mL水合肼混合溶液中,12h,离心分离(2000rpm),收集悬浮液,用稀HCl溶液调节pH为7,过滤、洗涤得到单层m-MoSe2。
(2)压电触媒B的制备:在加有3%硼氢化钠、1%四辛基溴化铵的50mL水介质中,依次加入0.01mol钨酸钠、0.02mol硒粉,搅拌溶解后,再经200℃水热反应,24h,得到中空微球h-WSe2。
(3)PVDF前驱液制备:将经表面处理PVDF超声溶解在DMF+丙酮(4+6)的混合溶剂中,得到15%PVDF前驱液;
(4)静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物,以m-MoSe2与h-WSe2的物质的量比为1:1,与步骤(3)前驱液50mL混合,常温下超声分散均匀,得到静电纺丝液;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡分别用无水乙醇、去离子水洗涤3次,60℃下真空干燥12h,得到所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒,记为MPM-1。以亚甲基蓝MB和四环素TC分别为目标降解物,在超声波驱动下,研究本实施例压电触媒MPM-1的压电催化降解活性。
实施例2
本发明m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的一种实施例,本实施例所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)压电触媒A的制备:在加有5%水合羟胺的50mL水介质中,依次加入0.01mol钼酸钠、0.025mol硒,搅拌至溶解,再经220℃水热反应,24h,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、干燥后,超声分散在300mL异丙醇+100mL水+5mL水合肼的混合溶液中,12h,离心分离(2000rpm),收集悬浮液,用稀HCl溶液调节pH为7,过滤、洗涤得到单层m-MoSe2,如图1所示。由图1可以观察到,m-MoSe2是一种由具有超薄片状形貌的纳米片堆积构筑的花状结构,其大小约150nm,薄膜厚度均匀。
(2)压电触媒B的制备:在加有3.5%硼氢化钠、2%四丁基溴化铵的水介质中,依次加入0.015mol钨酸钠、0.03mol硒脲,搅拌溶解后,再经220℃水热反应,36h,得到中空微球h-WSe2,如图2所示,可以发现,h-WSe2压电触媒具有中空微球结构,直径约1μm,由无数片状WSe2构筑而成,比表面大,可控性好。
(3)PVDF前驱液制备:将经表面处理PVDF超声溶解在DMF+丙酮(4+6)的混合溶剂中,得到15%PVDF前驱液。
(4)静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物,以m-MoSe2与h-WSe2的物质的量比为1.5:1,与步骤(3)前驱液50mL混合,常温下超声分散均匀,得到静电纺丝液。
(5)将步骤(4)得到的静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡分别用无水乙醇、去离子水洗涤3次,60℃下真空干燥12h,得到所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒纤维毡,记为MPM-2,如图3所示,可以观察到有许多微小颗粒附着在PVDF纤维上,说明压电触媒A、压电触媒B和PVDF纤维的异质结复合是成功的。以亚甲基蓝MB和四环素TC分别为目标降解物,在超声波驱动下,研究本实施例压电触媒MPM-2的压电催化降解活性。
实施例3
本发明m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的一种实施例,本实施例所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)压电触媒A的制备:在加有5%硼氢化钠的50mL水介质中,依次加入0.01mol氧化钼、0.03mol硒脲,搅拌至溶解,再经240℃水热反应,36h,自然冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤、干燥后,超声分散在300mL异丙醇+100mL水+5mL水合肼的混合溶液中,12h,离心分离(2000rpm),收集悬浮液,用稀HCl溶液调节pH为7,过滤、洗涤得到单层m-MoSe2。
(2)压电触媒B的制备:在加有5%水合羟胺、3%四辛基溴化铵的水介质中,依次加入0.01mol钨酸铵、0.03mol硒脲,搅拌溶解后,再经240℃水热反应,20h,得到中空微球h-WSe2。
(3)PVDF前驱液制备:将经表面处理PVDF超声溶解在DMF+丙酮(4+6)的混合溶剂中,得到15%PVDF前驱液。
(4)静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得产物m-MoSe2与h-WSe2,以物质的量比为2:1,与步骤(3)PVDF前驱液50mL混合,常温下超声分散均匀,得到静电纺丝液。
(5)将步骤(4)得到的静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡分别用无水乙醇、去离子水洗涤3次,60℃下真空干燥12h,得到所述m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒纤维毡,记为MPM-3。以亚甲基蓝MB和四环素TC分别为目标降解物,在超声波驱动下,研究本实施例压电触媒MPM-3的压电催化降解活性。
如图4和图5所示,本发明所制备的m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒具有优异的压电催化性能,在超声波驱动下,比较实例1-3,反应15min,亚甲基蓝MB的降解率达98%以上;反应30min,抗生素四环素TC的降解率达90%以上。这一结果表明,本发明的不同结构的压电触媒的异质结复合,有效提高了载流子的分离能力,可促使更多的电子和空穴参与压电催化降解反应,最终使m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2压电触媒表现出优秀的压电催化性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、压电触媒A的制备:在加有还原剂的水介质中,依次加入钼源和硒源,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,20-36h,得到单层m-MoSe2;
步骤2、压电触媒B的制备:在加有还原剂和模板剂的水介质中,依次加入钨源和硒源,搅拌至溶解,再经200-240℃水热反应,20-36h,得到中空微球h-WSe2;
步骤3、PVDF前驱液的制备:将经表面处理的PVDF超声溶解在DMF和丙酮的混合溶剂中,得到PVDF前驱液;
步骤4、静电纺丝液的制备:将步骤1和步骤2所得单层m-MoSe2和中空微球h-WSe2,与步骤3所得PVDF前驱液混合,常温下搅拌反应4-6h,得到静电纺丝液;
步骤5、将步骤4所得静电纺丝液进行静电纺丝,得到沉积有m-MoSe2和h-WSe2的纤维毡,将所得纤维毡进行清洗、真空干燥,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,钼源为钼酸铵、钼酸钠、氧化钼中的一种或前两个的混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺或硼氢化钠中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,钼源和硒源中钼与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,加有还原剂的水介质中还原剂的质量百分比为3-5%。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,钨源为钨酸铵、钨酸钠中的一种或两种混合物;硒源为硒粉、硒脲中的一种或两种混合物;还原剂为水合羟胺、硼氢化钠中的一种;模板剂为四丁基溴化铵、四辛基溴化铵中的一种;所用水为去离子水。
6.如权利要求1或5所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,钨源和硒源中钨与硒的物质的量比为1:2-3。
7.如权利要求1或5所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中,加有还原剂和模板剂的水介质中还原剂的质量百分比为3-5%,模板剂的质量百分比为1-3%。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中,表面处理PVDF的具体步骤为:将PVDF粉体超声分散在6mol/L硝酸和15%过氧化氢混合溶液中,60℃下回流2-3h,自然冷却至室温,过滤洗涤,60℃真空干燥2h,得到经表面处理的PVDF。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,MoSe2和WSe2的物质的量比为1-2:1,加入到50mL的15%的PVDF前驱液中,超声分散均匀。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种m-MoSe2/PVDF/h-WSe2双异质结柔性压电触媒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5中,将所得纤维毡用无水乙醇和去离子水分别洗涤三次,真空干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为12h。
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