CN113841809A - Fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113841809A CN113841809A CN202110634845.6A CN202110634845A CN113841809A CN 113841809 A CN113841809 A CN 113841809A CN 202110634845 A CN202110634845 A CN 202110634845A CN 113841809 A CN113841809 A CN 113841809A
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- fish
- feed
- traditional chinese
- chinese medicine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract
The invention provides a fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the field of fish feeds, and mainly aims to promote fish growth, improve fish resistance and enhance fish disease prevention and control capacity. The semen diluent for improving the fertilization rate of the yellow river catfish comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of vitamin complex and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of angelica sinensis, 20g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 30g of wrinkled gianthyssop herb, 20g of poria cocos and 20g of fructus amomi, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water for soaking for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, decocted with slow fire for 30min, decocted into decoction, filtered to obtain residues, and the ratio of the filtered decoction to the basic feed is 1: 50.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fish feed, and particularly relates to fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual development of the yellow river catfish breeding industry to artificial large-scale and intensive breeding, diseases are frequent in the breeding process, the yellow river catfish is a meat-eating type fish, in order to avoid mutual biting and save the feeding cost, the feed for the yellow river catfish is converted from meat to feed, the fish is easy to suffer from enteritis due to the reduction of the body resistance, so that a great amount of fish death is caused, in order to prevent diseases, promote the growth and development of the yellow river catfish and improve the feed utilization rate, farmers commonly use feed additives containing a great amount of chemical synthesis and antibiotic medicines for mixing with bait for feeding, the problems of drug resistance and serious drug residue of fish bodies are caused, and the continuous green development of the yellow river catfish breeding is seriously influenced. Therefore, the search for the green additive in the culture of the clarias fuscus and the improvement of the healthy culture level are one of the keys for promoting the continuous development of the industry of the clarias fuscus. Also provides reference for disease prevention and control and healthy culture of the yellow river catfish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines and a preparation method thereof, which are used for promoting the growth of fish, improving the resistance of fish and enhancing the disease prevention and control capability of fish.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of angelica sinensis, 20g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 30g of wrinkled gianthyssop herb, 20g of poria cocos and 20g of fructus amomi, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water to be soaked for 30min, boiled for 5min with big fire, decocted for 30min with slow fire to prepare a decoction, filtered residues, and the ratio of the filtered decoction to the basic feed is 1: 50.
A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of fried immature bitter orange and 40g of white atractylodes rhizome, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is soaked in 2L of distilled water for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, decocted with slow fire for 30min, decocted into decoction, residues are filtered, and the ratio of the filtered decoction to the basic feed is 1: 50.
A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of honeysuckle, 20g of almond and 20g of schisandra chinensis, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is soaked in 2L of distilled water for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, boiled with slow fire for 30min, boiled into decoction, residues are filtered, and the ratio of the filtered decoction to the basic feed is 1: 50.
A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 30g of fried bighead atractylodes rhizome, 20g of fried white paeony root, 20g of divaricate saposhnikovia root and 45g of astragalus membranaceus, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water for soaking for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, decocted with slow fire for 30min, decocted into decoction, filtered residues, and the ratio of the filtered decoction to the basic feed is 1: 50.
A preparation method of fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the following steps: grabbing the Chinese medicinal composition of any one of claims 1-4, placing the Chinese medicines in a casserole, adding 2L of distilled water, soaking for 30min, boiling with strong fire for 5min, decocting with slow fire for 30min, decocting to obtain decoction, filtering to remove residue, and collecting the decoction. Step two: the basic feed is crushed by a crusher, sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and uniformly mixed. Step three: placing the ground basic feed in the second step into a stirrer, stirring for 9min, and adding the leachate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the claim 1 according to 2% of the mass of the basic feed in the stirring process. Step four: preparing the mixed feed in the third step into granular feed by an expansion machine, naturally drying for 12h, bagging and storing at-20 ℃ for later use.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the basic feed added with the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the formula I can improve the weight gain rate, reduce the feed coefficient, regulate blood fat, reduce the content of triglyceride and cholesterol in the plasma of the yellow river catfish, obviously improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the plasma of the yellow river catfish, improve the nonspecific immunity of the yellow river catfish, eliminate free radicals of organisms to a certain extent, improve the oxidation resistance system of the organisms, have the functions of protecting liver, tonifying spleen and promoting digestion, improve the glucose content of the yellow river catfish, and properly increase the glucose on the basis of maintaining the dynamic balance of the glucose, thereby being beneficial to improving the anti-stress capability of the organisms of fishes.
Compared with a control group, the Chinese medicinal composition added with the formula II of the basic feed obviously improves the weight of the catfish, improves the weight gain rate by 24.9 percent, reduces the feed coefficient, has the functions of protecting liver, tonifying spleen and promoting digestion, eliminates free radicals of organisms to a certain extent, improves the oxidation resistance of the organisms, plays a good role in promoting the growth of the yellow river catfish, improves the glucose content of the yellow river catfish, and is beneficial to improving the anti-stress capability of the organisms of the fishes on the basis of maintaining the dynamic balance of the glucose.
The basic feed is added with the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the formula III, so that the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the plasma of the yellow river catfish is improved, the honeysuckle, the schisandra chinensis and the bitter apricot seeds in the formula have antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant functions, the schisandra chinensis has particularly remarkable effects of resisting oxidation and regulating an immune system, and also has the functions of protecting the liver, tonifying the spleen and promoting digestion, so that free radicals of a body are removed to a certain extent, the oxidation resistance of the body is improved, the yellow river catfish is well promoted to grow, the content of glucose in the yellow river catfish is improved, and the proper amount of glucose is increased on the basis of maintaining the dynamic balance of the glucose, so that the anti-stress capability of the fish body is improved, and the feed coefficient is reduced.
The basic feed is added with the traditional Chinese medicine composition of the formula IV, so that free radicals of the body are removed to a certain degree, the oxidation resistance system of the body is improved, the functions of protecting the liver, tonifying the spleen and promoting digestion are realized, the growth promoting effect on the clarias fuscus is realized, the glucose content of the clarias fuscus is improved, the proper increase of glucose is beneficial to improving the anti-stress capability of the fish body on the basis of maintaining the dynamic balance of glucose, and the feed coefficient is reduced.
According to the preparation method of the fish feed containing the Chinese herbal medicines, 2L of distilled water is added into the Chinese herbal medicines, the fish feed is soaked for 30min, boiled for 5min by strong fire and decocted for 30min by slow fire, and the concentration of the decoction decocted by the method and the basic feed are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 50, so that the prepared fish feed has good regulation effect on the weight gain rate and various indexes of organisms after the catfish eats the feed.
Detailed Description
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
The yellow river catfish larva is originated from the yellow river catfish spawn-protecting field.
1.2 methods
1.2.1 preparation of Chinese herbal medicine additive of experimental feed: 4 groups of compound Chinese herbal medicine formulas are designed according to the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicines.
Formula I comprises radix Codonopsis (20g), Atractylodis rhizoma (20g), herba Agastaches (30g), Poria (20g), and fructus Amomi (20 g);
formula II comprises parched fructus Aurantii Immaturus (20g) and Atractylodis rhizoma (40 g);
formula III comprises flos Lonicerae (20g), semen Armeniacae amarum (20g), and fructus Schisandrae (20 g);
prescription IV is prepared from Atractylodis rhizoma (30g), radix Paeoniae alba (20g), radix Saposhnikoviae (20g), and radix astragali (45 g).
The preparation method comprises picking the Chinese medicinal materials according to the formula, soaking in cold water for 30min, adding 2L distilled water, boiling in casserole with strong fire for 5min, decocting with slow fire for 30min, decocting to obtain decoction, filtering to remove residue, and collecting decoction of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Test feed: on the basis of the earlier research on the formula of the compound feed for the clarias fuscus, fish meal, bean pulp and shrimp meal are used as protein sources, fish oil and corn oil are used as fat sources, starch is used as a sugar source, and a basic feed formula with the protein level of 40% and the fat level of 15% is designed. All raw materials in the experimental basic feed are crushed by a crusher, sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and uniformly mixed according to the proportion in the table 1. Stirring in a stirrer for 9min, adding Chinese herbal medicinal leachate and distilled water (distilled water is added only to the basic feed) according to 2% of feed mass, puffing to obtain granular feed, air drying for 12 hr, bagging, and storing at-20 deg.C. The results of the determination of the nutritional ingredients of the feeds with different Chinese herbal medicine formulas (dry matter basis) show that (table 2), the nutritional levels of the experimental feeds of each group meet the requirements of the nutritional ingredients of the young catfish feed of the yellow river catfish. The nutritional indexes of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of the feeds of each group have no significant difference with those of a control group (P is more than 0.05).
Table 1 test feed formulation mass ratio of each substance (dry matter basis) (w/%)
Note: the rest are fish oil 3.9%, corn oil 3.0%, lecithin 1.0%, choline 0.5%, VC phosphate ester 0.5%, DMPT 0.1%, vitamin complex 1.0% (Xin Shu) and mineral complex 0.5% (Li Yuan Ming).
TABLE 2 Mass ratio of nutritional ingredients (dry matter basis) (w/%) of different herbal formulations
| Group of | Crude protein | Crude fat | Coarse ash content |
| A | 50.51±0.04 | 10.42±0.38 | 13.69±0.14 |
| B | 50.64±0.25 | 10.46±0.68 | 13.33±0.09 |
| C | 50.62±0.16 | 10.53±0.59 | 13.72±0.13 |
| D | 50.38±0.19 | 11.61±0.10 | 13.57±0.05 |
| E | 50.27±0.18 | 10.57±0.63 | 13.63±0.11 |
1.2.2 test design and feeding management
The method is characterized in that 240 yellow river catfish larvae with the average weight of 10g are randomly divided into 5 groups, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, each repetition is provided with 16 larvae, and a breeding box is a plastic box (4 mx1.5mx0.8m). A running water system is adopted in the whole culture period, the culture water is yellow river water which is filtered after being disinfected, deposited and precipitated for ten days, the oxygen is continuously oxygenated for 24 hours, the illumination is carried out for 10 hours by a fluorescent lamp, the temperature of a heating rod is controlled to be (17 +/-1) DEG C, 3 times (8: 00, 13: 00 and 18: 00) of quantitative feeding are carried out every day, the weight is carried out once every two weeks, and the daily feeding amount is 2.5 percent of the body mass. Changing water every day, measuring indexes such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and the like every five days, and the test period is 10 weeks.
1.2.3 sample Collection
After the test is finished, all the fishes are fasted for 1d, weighed and measured for body length; taking 5 fish from each group for body composition analysis; from each group 6 fish were taken and blood was drawn from the heart with a 1.5mL disposable sterile syringe (heparin sodium rinse) for determination of immunological and physicochemical indices. After blood sampling, dissecting, and taking stomach and foregut tissues for digestive enzyme measurement. The blood sample is placed in a refrigerator (20 ℃) overnight and centrifuged at 3000r/min for 10min at 4 ℃ to obtain a plasma sample for measuring biochemical indexes such as glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol.
1.2.4 measurement and calculation of the index
The survival rate, the weight gain rate, the feed coefficient, the specific growth rate, the fullness, the protein efficiency, the visceral body ratio, the intestinal body ratio and the calculation formula of the young yellow river catfish are respectively as follows:
survival rate N0/Nt×100％，
(W) weight gaint-W0)/W0×100％，
Feed coefficient is F/(W)t-W0)，
Specific growth rate (In W)t-ln W0)/1×100％，
Fullness is Wt/L3×100％，
Protein efficiency ═ Wt-W0)/(F×P)×100％，
Dirty body ratio Wn/Wt×100％，
Intestinal fat ratio Wc/Wt×100％。
Wherein: n is a radical of0、NtThe number of the yellow river catfish bodies (ind.) at the beginning and the end of the test respectively; w0、WtThe mass (g) of the yellow river catbody at the beginning and the end of the test respectively; wcIs the mesenteric fat mass (g); wnThe visceral mass (g); l is body length (cm); f is the feed intake (g); p is the protein content (%) in the feed; t is the test time (d).
The body composition, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content are respectively measured by adopting a national standard method, a micro Kjeldahl method, a Soxhlet extraction (petroleum ether) method and a muffle furnace 550 ℃ burning method.
Digestion and immunization indexes: the activities of pepsin (Fulin's reagent colorimetry), foregut lipase (turbidimetry), plasma lysozyme (self-control method), alkaline phosphatase (potassium ferricyanide method), glutathione peroxidase (dithiobis-nitrobenzoic acid method), and total superoxide dismutase (hydroxylamine method) were measured using a biological kit purchased from Shanghai Tongyuan fruit Co., Ltd.
1.3 data processing
The data of the test results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± s.d.), and single-factor analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) is performed using SPSS 17.0 software, and if there is a significant difference between groups, multiple comparisons are performed using the LSD method, and the significance level is set to 0.05.
2 results and analysis
2.1 influence of different Chinese herbal medicine formula feeds on the growth performance of the yellow river catfish
As can be seen from table 3: the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency of the group C silurus meridionalis juvenile fish are obviously higher than those of a control group A (P & gt 0.05), and the feed coefficient is obviously lower than that of the group A (P & lt 0.05); D. the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the group E are obviously lower than those of the group C (P is less than 0.05), but the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the group E are not significantly different from those of the control group (P is more than 0.05); each index in the group B has no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) with the control group; the survival rate among groups has no significant difference (P is more than 0.05).
TABLE 3 influence of compound Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance and feed utilization of Clarias fuscus
Note: the lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same lower case letters indicate no significant difference (P > 0.05), and the same lower case letters indicate
2.2 changes in body indices of catfish in the yellow river fed with different compound Chinese herbal feeds
As can be seen from table 4: the influence of different Chinese herbal medicine formula feeds on the body indexes of the yellow river catfish shows that the body ratio and the intestinal fat body ratio of the group B are obviously higher than those of other groups (P is less than 0.05).
TABLE 4 influence of compound Chinese herbal medicine on body index of yellow river catfish
| Group of | Body volume ratio of zang organs | Intestinal lipid ratio | Fullness of fertilizer |
| A | 7.53±0.59a | 0.11±0.13 | 345.61±23.38 |
| B | 7.93±0.40ab | 0.15±0.11 | 339.34±35.68 |
| C | 7.03±0.31ab | 0.12±0.02 | 374.36±21.43 |
| D | 7.54±0.68b | 0.14±0.02 | 342.99±26.75 |
| E | 7.59±0.51a | 0.13±0.03 | 341.05±42.77 |
2.3 Change of nutrient composition in Clarias fuscus fed with different compound Chinese herbal medicine feeds
As can be seen from table 5: the indexes of the whole fish of the young yellow river catfish, such as water, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash, have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05)), and the B group has higher protein content and lower crude fat content.
TABLE 5 Effect of Compound Chinese herbal medicines on the in vivo nutrient composition of Clarias fuscus
| Group of | Moisture content | Crude protein | Crude fat | Coarse ash content |
| A | 78.44±1.95 | 15.93±2.21 | 6.83±1.68 | 1.78±0.72 |
| B | 78.29±1.63 | 16.77±1.67 | 5.49±0.49 | 1.82±0.68 |
| C | 78.35±1.56 | 16.44±1.83 | 6.80±0.34 | 1.41±0.74 |
| D | 78.47±1.57 | 15.76±1.13 | 6.70±1.68 | 1.47±0.68 |
| E | 78.47±1.86 | 16.21±1.69 | 6.02±0.53 | 1.42±0.85 |
2.4 changes in the digestive enzyme index of catfish in the yellow river feeding different compound Chinese herbal medicine feeds
As can be seen from table 6: the stomach tissue protease activity and foregut lipase of the silurus meridionalis in the group B are tested to have significant difference (P is less than 0.05) with other groups; the C group and the D group have no significant difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 6 influence of compound Chinese herbal medicines on the digestive enzyme index of Clarias fuscus
| Group of | Pepsin (U mg)-1prot) | Foregut lipase (U. mg)-1prot) |
| A | 6.59±1.67ab | 104.95±4.83b |
| B | 7.28±0.65ab | 113.42±6.17b |
| C | 5.28±0.17a | 99.12±21.69b |
| D | 5.21±1.46ab | 98.14±6.12ab |
| E | 6.38±0.26b | 76.71±23.6a |
2.5 Change in plasma Biochemical index of Clarias fuscus fed with different Compound Chinese herbal medicine feeds
As can be seen from table 7: different Chinese herbal medicine formula feeds have significant influence on part of biochemical indexes in the plasma of the young yellow river catfish; wherein, the plasma glucose concentration of B, C, D group is significantly higher than that of A group, the plasma glucose concentration of B group is also significantly higher than that of C, D, E group (P is less than 0.05), and the E group has no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) with the control group A; the triglyceride concentration in group B was significantly lower than in the other experimental groups (P < 0.05); the cholesterol in group B is significantly lower than that in group A and C, D (P < 0.05).
TABLE 7 Effect of Compound herbal medicine on the biochemical indices of silurus meridionalis plasma (mmol/L)
| Group of | Glucose | Triglycerides | Cholesterol |
| A | 0.84±0.25a | 1.79±0.27bc | 3.01±0.65ab |
| B | 1.68±0.64c | 1.71±0.28d | 2.67±0.61b |
| C | 1.15±0.17b | 1.77±0.15c | 3.11±0.64ab |
| D | 1.24±0.27b | 1.82±0.16ab | 3.14±0.72ab |
| E | 0.98±1.36ab | 1.85±0.27a | 2.81±0.77a |
2.6 Change in non-specific immune index of Parasilurus meridionalis plasma fed with different Compound herbal feeds
As can be seen from table 8: the activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase and lysozyme in the blood plasma of the group B of the young yellow river catfish are obviously higher than those of A, C, D, E group (P is less than 0.05); the activity of the glutathione peroxidase in the group B is obviously higher than that of other groups (P is less than 0.05); the total alkaline phosphatase in the D, E group has no significant difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 8 influence of Compound Chinese herbal medicine on nonspecific immunity index of Clarias fuscus plasma
Discussion of 3
3.1 Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the growth of yellow river catfish
In the experiment, the Chinese herbal medicines of the 4 groups of formulas have different promoting effects on the growth of the yellow river catfish, and the feed coefficient is reduced to a certain extent, wherein the weight increasing rate of the B group consisting of codonopsis pilosula, wrinkled gianthyssop herb, poria cocos, fructus amomi and bighead atractylodes rhizome and the C group consisting of fried immature bitter orange and bighead atractylodes rhizome (1: 2) are respectively increased by 14.3 percent and 24.9 percent compared with the weight increasing rate of the yellow river catfish of a control group, and the latter forms statistically significant differences, because the compatibility of the immature bitter orange and the bighead atractylodes rhizome is earliest seen in the golden lack essential bitter orange decoction, the formula treats the heart-down and the hardness as the dish and the side as the rotating disk. The immature bitter orange, pungent in flavor and pungent in flavor, has the effects of dissipating heat, dredging channels, breaking qi and removing food retention, is mainly used for reducing diarrhea, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, sweet in flavor and warm in property, tonifies qi and generates blood, is used as a tonifying medicine, and supplements each other by tonifying the middle warmer and tonifying the middle warmer, so that the tonifying can be realized without stagnation, the digestion can be realized without damage, the spleen and the stomach can be strengthened, and the digestion can be realized by removing food retention. All the physicians of the past have discussed the compatibility of Zhi and Bai Zhu in a ratio of 2: 1, so the general physicians can eliminate the emphasis on tonifying; zhi and Zhi Zhu are added when the proportion is 1: 2. The study of Lixinwang et al also shows that the single immature bitter orange, the single white atractylodes rhizome and the compatibility of medicines can obviously improve the gastrointestinal movement function of animals, and the best effect is achieved at the ratio of 1: 2. Therefore, the C group of compound Chinese herbal medicines in the test have no reason for the remarkable growth promotion effect on the clarias fuscus.
Influence of Chinese herbal medicines on digestion indexes of silurus meridionalis
Research shows that small doses of different compound Chinese herbal medicines such as the white atractylodes rhizome, the liquorice, the angelica and the like can improve the activity of digestive enzyme. The additive comprising more than 20 Chinese herbal medicines such as astragalus, codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos, hawthorn, liquorice and the like can obviously improve the activity of pepsin when the addition amount is 1%, but the activity is reduced when the addition amount exceeds 1%. In the experiment, 4 groups of Chinese herbal medicine formulas have the functions of protecting liver, tonifying spleen and promoting digestion. In group B, Atractylodis rhizoma and Poria have effects of protecting liver, invigorating spleen, and promoting digestion. Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Atractylodis rhizoma parched in group C also can improve gastrointestinal function and promote digestion and absorption. Semen Armeniacae amarum in group D has effects in promoting digestion, resolving food stagnation, moistening lung, strengthening stomach, and loosening bowel to relieve constipation; honeysuckle flower and schisandra fruit have the functions of benefiting gallbladder, protecting liver, resisting inflammation and clearing heat. The parched Atractylodis rhizoma in group E relieves dryness of rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and has effects of invigorating spleen and invigorating qi.
Influence of Chinese herbal medicines on biochemical indexes of yellow river catfish serum
Blood sugar can reflect the nutritional status of animal body, mainly comes from the decomposition and xenogenesis of glucose and hepatic glycogen after digestion and absorption of food, and is controlled by insulin and adrenal hormone and regulated by body. Acute or chronic stress during the cultivation process can significantly affect the glucose level in fish serum, while in the face of stress, body tissues utilize blood glucose as the main energy source. In the research, the content of glucose in the yellow river catfish is found to be improved to different degrees by 4 groups of compound Chinese herbal medicines. Therefore, on the basis of maintaining the glucose dynamic balance, the increase of the proper amount of glucose is beneficial to improving the anti-stress capability of the fish organism.
Triglyceride and cholesterol are important indexes for analyzing blood lipid, and can be used as indexes for lipid metabolism in feed. The study showed that group B significantly reduced the triglyceride level in serum and the cholesterol level was also reduced compared to the control group, because group B herbal ingredients exert lipid lowering effects by binding with cholesterol and inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
Influence of Chinese herbal medicine on non-specific immunity index of Clarias fuscus
The function of Chinese herbal medicines on the regulation of an immune system is reported, and various Chinese herbal medicines have been found to enhance the oxidation resistance of an organism by activating antioxidant enzymes in the organism; on the other hand, the non-specific immune function of the body is promoted by activating complement, macrophages and T, B lymphocytes, inducing various cytokines and the like. In the experiment, 4 groups of compound Chinese herbal medicines have certain antioxidation and immunity promotion effects, such as tuckahoe of group B, fried immature bitter orange and bighead atractylodes rhizome of group C, honeysuckle, almond and schisandra chinensis of group D, divaricate saposhnikovia root and astragalus root of group E and the like, which can remove free radicals of the organism to a certain extent and improve the antioxidation system of the organism. The D group consisting of honeysuckle, Chinese magnoliavine fruit and almond obviously improves the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the plasma of the Clarias fuscus, and the other groups improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as Clarias fuscus plasma total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and nonspecific immunity enzyme to a certain extent, but the promotion effect is not obvious. The reason is that the honeysuckle, the schisandra and the almond in the group D all have the functions of antibiosis, antivirus and antioxidation, and the schisandra has the outstanding functions of antioxidation and immune system regulation. Studies of Reulijia and the like show that the schisandra chinensis polysaccharide can obviously reduce the content of malondialdehyde in serum of rats and obviously improve the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum. Leong et al also found that schisandrin B can activate MAPK pathway by activating ERK1/2 and Nrf2 in AML12 cells, and finally, the expression of glutathione is obviously enhanced, which is consistent with the test result.
Conclusion
Under the test condition, the 4 groups of compound Chinese herbal medicine formulas self-made by a laboratory promote the growth of the clarias fuscus to different degrees, wherein the formula B has the most obvious effect. The B group of compound Chinese herbal medicines can obviously improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the plasma of the Clarias fuscus so as to improve the nonspecific immunity of the Clarias fuscus in the aspects of improving the weight gain rate, reducing the feed coefficient, regulating the blood fat and reducing the content of triglyceride and cholesterol in the plasma of the Clarias fuscus.
Tests show that the combination of Chinese herbal medicines such as codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, wrinkled gianthyssop, poria cocos and fructus amomi is added into the yellow river catfish feed, so that the growth of the yellow river catfish feed can be well promoted, and the resistance can be improved.
The technology is not only suitable for catfishes, but also has good effects on improving the body resistance and promoting growth and development by experimental feeding of golden trout, rainbow trout and second-instar grass carp, and has obvious effects on fish enteritis and defecation diseases caused by resistance reduction.
Claims (5)
1. A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines is characterized in that: the feed comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of angelica sinensis, 20g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 30g of wrinkled gianthyssop herb, 20g of poria cocos and 20g of fructus amomi, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water to be soaked for 30min, boiled for 5min with strong fire, boiled for 30min with slow fire to be decocted into decoction, filtered residues are filtered, and the filtered decoction and the basic feed are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
2. A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines is characterized in that: the feed comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises fried immature bitter orange (20g) and white atractylodes rhizome (40g), the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water for soaking for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, boiled with slow fire for 30min, decocted into a decoction, filtered residues are filtered, and the filtered decoction and the basic feed are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
3. A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines is characterized in that: the feed comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises 20g of honeysuckle flower, 20g of almond and 20g of schisandra fruit, the traditional Chinese medicine combination is added with 2L of distilled water to be soaked for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, boiled with slow fire for 30min, boiled into decoction, filtered residues are filtered, and the filtered decoction and the basic feed are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
4. A fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines is characterized in that: the feed comprises a basic feed and a traditional Chinese medicine combination, wherein the basic feed comprises 50% of fish meal, 20% of soybean meal, 3% of shrimp meal, 16.5% of flour, 3.9% of fish oil, 3% of corn oil, 1% of lecithin, 0.5% of choline, 0.5% of VC phosphate, 0.1% of DMPT, 1% of compound vitamin and 0.5% of compound mineral salt, the traditional Chinese medicine combination comprises fried bighead atractylodes rhizome (30g), fried white paeony root (20g), divaricate saposhnikovia root (20g) and astragalus root (45g), the traditional Chinese medicine combination is soaked in 2L of distilled water for 30min, boiled with strong fire for 5min, boiled with slow fire for 30min, boiled into decoction, filtered residues are filtered, and the filtered decoction and the basic feed are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50.
5. A preparation method of fish feed containing Chinese herbal medicines is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grabbing the Chinese medicinal composition of any one of claims 1-4, placing the Chinese medicinal materials in a casserole, adding 2L distilled water, soaking for 30min, boiling with strong fire for 5min, decocting with slow fire for 30min, decocting to obtain decoction, filtering to obtain residue, and collecting the decoction;
step two: the basal feed of claim 1, which is pulverized by a pulverizer, sieved by a 60-mesh sieve and uniformly mixed;
step three: placing the ground basic feed in the step 2 into a stirrer to stir for 9min, and adding the leachate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the claims 1-4 according to 2% of the mass of the basic feed in the stirring process;
step four: and (4) preparing the mixed feed in the step (3) into granular feed through a bulking machine, naturally drying for 12 hours, bagging, and storing at-20 ℃ for later use.
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| CN103518948A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-22 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | Environment-friendly compound feeds capable of improving fertility of sciaenops ocellatus parent fish |
| CN107691793A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 明光市永言水产食品有限公司 | One kind enhancing perch constitution feed |
| CN109198264A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-15 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | A kind of grass carp expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof reducing the high temperature season death rate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103518948A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-01-22 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | Environment-friendly compound feeds capable of improving fertility of sciaenops ocellatus parent fish |
| CN107691793A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-16 | 明光市永言水产食品有限公司 | One kind enhancing perch constitution feed |
| CN109198264A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-15 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | A kind of grass carp expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof reducing the high temperature season death rate |
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